Experimental Investigation on Laser-Induced Electrochemical Silver Plating Technology.

The silver coating is widely used in electronic device manufacturing due to its excellent conductivity and soldering properties. Conventional preparation of local silver coating often uses the preplated silver, mask high-speed silver plating, and deplated silver processes. In this paper, the laser-induced electrodeposition technique is used to perform maskless laser-induced localized electrodeposition on a copper substrate preplated with a layer of silver. After the deplated silver process, ultrathin silver coatings with high dimensional accuracy, good corrosion resistance, and good bonding were obtained. The spatial distribution of the transient temperature field under laser irradiation is studied, the variation pattern of cathode substrate current under laser irradiation is tested, and finally, the spatial distribution of the pressure field under laser irradiation is simulated by Comsol. The effect of different laser scanning methods on the coating morphology was investigated, and the experimental study of the different single pulse energy-induced localized silver coatings was systematically carried out. The results show that the localized coating obtained by cross-line scanning with a laser single pulse energy of 93 µJ is flat with a film thickness of 0.23 µm, high dimensional accuracy, and good bonding force and corrosion resistance properties. This method provides a new approach for the preparation of a localized silver coating.

Adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) can be a potential biomarker and target for bladder cancer.

Adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) has been implicated in tumor development, yet its specific role in bladder cancer (BC) remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate the function of ADRM1 in BC through a combination of bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). Utilizing R version 3.6.3 and relevant packages, we analyzed online database data. Validation was conducted through IHC data, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval No. K20220830). In both paired and unpaired comparisons, ADRM1 expression was significantly elevated in BC tissues compared to adjacent tissues, as evidenced by the results of TCGA dataset and IHC data. Patients with high ADRM1 expression had statistically worse overall survival than those with low ADRM1 expression in TCGA dataset, GSE32548 dataset, GSE32894 dataset, and IHC data. Functional analysis unveiled enrichment in immune-related pathways, and a robust positive correlation emerged between ADRM1 expression and pivotal immune checkpoints, including CD274, PDCD1, and PDCD1LG2. In tumor microenvironment, samples with the high ADRM1 expression contained statistical higher proportion of CD8 + T cells and Macrophage infiltration. Meanwhile, these high ADRM1-expressing samples displayed elevated tumor mutation burden scores and stemness indices, implying potential benefits from immunotherapy. Patients with low ADRM1 expression were sensitive to cisplatin, docetaxel, vinblastine, mitomycin C, and methotrexate. According to the findings from bioinformatics and IHC analyses, ADRM1 demonstrates prognostic significance for BC patients and holds predictive potential for both immunotherapy and chemotherapy responses. This underscores its role as a biomarker and therapeutic target in BC.

A novel endothelial-related prognostic index by integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data for patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

Background: Endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in the development of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). We wanted to further identify the function of endothelial cells in KIRC patients by integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data. Methods: Online databases provide the original data of this study. An endothelial-related prognostic index (ERPI) was constructed and validated by R version 3.6.3 and relative packages. Results: The ERPI consisted of three genes (CCND1, MALL, and VWF). Patients with high ERPI scores were significantly correlated with worse prognosis than those with low ERPI scores in the TCGA training group, TCGA test group, and GSE29609 group. A positive correlation was identified between the ERPI score and poor clinical features. The results of functional analysis indicated that ERPI was significantly associated with immune-related activities. We suggested that patients with high ERPI scores were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy based on the results of immune checkpoints, tumor microenvironment, stemness index, and TCIA, while patients with low ERPI scores were sensitive to gemcitabine, docetaxel, paclitaxel, axitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, and temsirolimus according to the results of the "pRRophetic" algorithm. Therefore, this ERPI may help doctors choose the optimal treatment for patients with KIRC. Conclusion: By integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data from KIRC patients, we successfully identified the key genes from the perspective of endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment and constructed ERPIs that had positive implications in precision medicine.

[The Preparation and Characterization of a New Solid Coagulant: Polymeric Ferric Silicate Sulfate].

As one of the most important water treatment agents, polysilicate coagulant, has been playing an important role in coagulation- flocculation, but it is prone to lose stability due to self-polymerization and the forming of silica gel. Therefore, research on the preparation of stable polysilicate coagulant has attract great attention. A new method to prepare a stable polysilicate coagulant (PSPF), was proposed in this paper. Its structure and morphology were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Fe species in PSPF was analyzed via Fe-Ferron complexation timed spectrophotometric method. The performance of PSPF was assessed by measuring micro-polluted water treatment efficiency. Primary chemicals, such as ferrous sulfate, sodium silicate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium carbonate, were used. The influence of those parameters affecting the preparation of PSPF, such as nSi/nFe, nP/nFe and nOH/nFe molar ratios were examined. The results showed that nSi/nFe of 1∶4, nP/nFe of 1∶6 and nOH/nFe of 1∶10 under 60 ℃ water bath for 30 min was the optimum condition for preparation. The FTIR spectrum indicated that PSPF was a kind of high molecular polymer, containing new groups (e.g., Si­O­Si and Fe­O­Si), which could increase the molecular weight，molecular chain and coagulation-flocculation efficiency. PSPF presented a cluster appearance similar to a network structure, which was conductive to adsorption-bridging capacity and precipitation sweeping. The increase of Fe(b) and Fe(c) as a result of Si increasing in PSPF improved the polymerization and solidification. The coagulation behaviors of PSPF that were largely affected by the coagulant dosage and pH, indicated that for pH and dosage at 6 and 8 mg·L-1, respectively, the residual turbidity and UV254 removal efficiency could achieve 0.33 NTU and 58.6%, respectively.