The impact of depressive and anxious symptoms on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents: a network analysis.

PURPOSE: Conceptualizing adolescent NSSI and emotional symptoms as a system of causal elements could provide valuable insights into the development of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescent. This study aimed to explore the intricate relationship between NSSI, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms in adolescents, identifying key symptoms to establish a theoretical foundation for targeted and effective interventions addressing NSSI behaviors in this population. METHODS: A total of 412 adolescents with NSSI behaviors were selected from outpatients. Generalized anxious disorder scale (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were employed to measure anxious symptoms and depressive symptoms, respectively. The adolescent non-suicidal self-injury assessment questionnaire (ANSSIAQ) was used to evaluate NSSI of adolescent. Using network analysis, the NSSI、depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms network were constructed to identify the most central symptoms and the bridge symptoms within the networks. RESULTS: The findings revealed that the NSSI functional nodes "coping with sadness and disappointment" and "relieving stress or anxious" exhibited the strongest correlation, with a regularized partial correlation coefficient was 0.401. The symptoms "having a desire to harm oneself and unable to stop" and the node "depressive symptoms" had the highest strength centrality in the network, and their strength centrality indices were 1.267 and 1.263, respectively. The bridge nodes were "having a desire to harm oneself and unable to stop" and "expressing one's despair and hopelessness", with expected impact indices of 0.389 and 0.396, respectively. CONCLUSION: In adolescents, the network revealed a closer connection between NSSI and depressive symptoms. "The desire to not stop hurting oneself" is not only broadly connected to other nodes but also could activate other nodes to maintain NSSI behavior. In light of these findings, precise targets for pharmacological treatment, psychotherapy, physical therapy, etc., are identified for adolescents with NSSI. Targeting this specific aspect in interventions may contribute to preventing and reducing NSSI behavior in adolescents.

Emphasis should be placed on identifying and reporting research priorities to increase research value: An empirical analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To compared the presentation of research priorities in the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) developed under the guidance of the GRADE working group or its two co-chair, and the Chinese CPGs. METHODS: This was a methodological empirical analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, and four Chinese databases (Wanfang, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) and retrieved nine Chinese guideline databases or Society websites as well as GRADE Pro websites. We included all eligible GRADE CPGs and a random sample of double number of Chinese CPGs, published 2018 to 2022. The reviewers independently screened and extracted the data, and we summarized and analyzed the reporting on the research priorities in the CPGs. RESULTS: Of the 135 eligible CPGs (45 GRADE CPGs and 90 Chinese CPGs), 668, 138 research priorities were identified respectively. More than 70% of the research priorities in GRADE CPGs and Chinese CPGs had population and intervention (PI) structure. 99 (14.8%) of GRADE CPG research priorities had PIC structures, compared with only 4(2.9%) in Chinese. And 28.4% (190) GRADE CPG research priorities reflected comparisons between PICO elements, approximately double those in Chinese. The types of research priorities among GRADE CPGs and Chinese CPGs were mostly focused on the efficacy of interventions, and the type of comparative effectiveness in the GRADE research priorities was double those in Chinese. CONCLUSIONS: There was still considerable room for improvement in the developing and reporting of research priorities in Chinese CPGs. Key PICO elements were inadequately presented, with more attention on intervention efficacy and insufficient consideration given to values, preferences, health equity, and feasibility. Identifying and reporting of research priorities deserves greater effort in the future.

Enhanced piezo-photocatalytic performance in ZnIn2S4/BiFeO3 heterojunction stimulated by solar and mechanical energy for efficient hydrogen evolution.

An emerging approach that employs both light and vibration energy on binary photo-/piezoelectric semiconductor materials for efficient hydrogen (H2) evolution has garnered considerable attention. ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) is recognized as a promising visible-light-activated photocatalyst. However, its effectiveness is constraint by the slow separation dynamics of photoexcited carriers. Density functional theory (DFT) predictions have shown that the integration of piezoelectric BiFeO3 (BFO) is conducive to the reduction of the H2 adsorption free energy (ΔGH*) for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction, thereby enhancing the reaction kinetics. Informed by theoretical predictions, piezoelectric BFO polyhedron particles were successfully synthesized and incorporated with ZIS nanoflowers to create a ZIS/BFO heterojunction using an ultrasonic-assisted calcination method. When subjected to simultaneous ultrasonic treatment and visible-light irradiation, the optimal ZIS/BFO piezoelectric enhanced (piezo-enhanced) heterojunction exhibited a piezoelectric photocatalytic (piezo-photocatalytic) H2 evolution rate approximately 6.6 times higher than that of pristine ZIS and about 3.0 times greater than the rate achieved under light-only conditions. Moreover, based on theoretical predictions and experimental results, a plausible mechanism and charge transfer route for the enhancement of piezo-photocatalytic performance were studied by the subsequent piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) measurements and DFT calculations. The findings of this study strongly confirm that both the internal electric field of the step-scheme (S-Scheme) heterojunction and the alternating piezoelectric field generated by the vibration of BFO can enhance the transportation and separation of electron-hole pairs. This study presents a concept for the multipath utilization of light and vibrational energy to harness renewable energy from the environment.

Research on Multiple-AUVs Collaborative Detection and Surrounding Attack Simulation.

Due to limitations in operational scope and efficiency, a single Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) falls short of meeting the demands of the contemporary marine working environment. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the coordination of multiple AUVs. To address the requirements of coordinated missions, this paper proposes a comprehensive solution for the coordinated development of multi-AUV formations, encompassing long-range ferrying, coordinated detection, and surrounding attack. In the initial phase, detection devices are deactivated, employing a path planning method based on the Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm to ensure collision-free AUV movement. During the coordinated detection phase, an artificial potential field method is applied to maintain AUV formation integrity and avoid obstacles, dynamically updating environmental probability based on formation movement. In the coordinated surroundings attack stage, predictive capabilities are enhanced using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and reinforcement learning. Specifically, LSTM forecasts the target's position, while the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) method controls AUV formation. The effectiveness of this coordinated solution is validated through an integrated simulation trajectory.

Targeting suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder with MRI-navigated Stanford accelerated intelligent neuromodulation therapy.

High suicide risk represents a serious problem in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), yet treatment options that could safely and rapidly ameliorate suicidal ideation remain elusive. Here, we tested the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy (SAINT) in reducing suicidal ideation in patients with MDD. Thirty-two MDD patients with moderate to severe suicidal ideation participated in the current study. Suicidal ideation and depression symptoms were assessed before and after 5 days of open-label SAINT. The neural pathways supporting rapid-acting antidepressant and suicide prevention effects were identified with dynamic causal modelling based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that 5 days of SAINT effectively alleviated suicidal ideation in patients with MDD with a high response rate of 65.63%. Moreover, the response rates achieved 78.13% and 90.63% with 2 weeks and 4 weeks after SAINT, respectively. In addition, we found that the suicide prevention effects of SAINT were associated with the effective connectivity involving the insula and hippocampus, while the antidepressant effects were related to connections of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). These results show that SAINT is a rapid-acting and effective way to reduce suicidal ideation. Our findings further suggest that distinct neural mechanisms may contribute to the rapid-acting effects on the relief of suicidal ideation and depression, respectively.

Synthesize magnetic ZnFe2O4@C/Cd0.9Zn0.1S catalysts with S-scheme heterojunction to achieve extraordinary hydrogen production efficiency.

Suppressing the electron-hole recombination rate of catalyst legitimately is one of the effective strategies to improve photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Herein, carbon-coated metal oxide, ZnFe2O4@C (ZFO@C), nanoparticles were synthesized and employed to couple with quadrupedal Cd0.9Zn0.1S (CZS) via an ordinary ultrasonic self-assembly method combined with calcination to form a novel ZFO@C/CZS catalyst with step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was conducted to verify the enhanced photoactivity of ZFO@C/CZS. The optimal ZFO@C/CZS exhibits an extraordinary photocatalytic HER rate of 111.3 ± 0.9 mmol g-1 h-1 under visible-light irradiation, corresponding to an apparent quantum efficiency as high as (76.2 ± 0.9)% at 450 nm. Additionally, the as-synthesized ZFO@C/CZS composite exhibits high stability and recyclability. The excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance should arise from the formed S-scheme heterojunction and the unique ZFO@C core-shell structure, which inhibit electron hole recombination as well as provide more reactive sites. The pathway of S-scheme charge transfer was validated through density functional theory calculations and electrochemical measurements. This work provides a rational strategy for the synthesis of unique magnetic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for water splitting under visible light irradiation.

Effective removal of As from a high arsenic-bearing ZnSO4 solution by ultrasonic enhanced ozonation in a one-pot method.

Currently, removing arsenic (As) from ZnSO4 solution using lime presents several drawbacks, including high wet precipitate content, long reaction time, and the introduction of new impurities. In this study, we propose a novel ultrasonic (US) ozone one-pot method for effectively removing As from a high-arsenic ZnSO4 solution. In this method, as in ZnSO4 solution was removed by ultrasound enhanced ozone oxidation combined with zinc roasting dust (ZRD). No secondary pollution will occur with the addition of ZRD and ozone, as neither introduces new impurities. The experimental results show that under the conditions of initial As and Fe concentrations of 1640 mg/L and 2963 mg/L, US power of 480 W, frequency of 20 kHz, reaction temperature of 60 °C, reaction time of 1 h, ZRD dose of 12 g/L and gas flow rate of 900 mL/min, the removal rate of As can reach 99.4%. The introduction of US can further enhance the oxidation effect of ozone on As(III) and Fe2+ by increasing the solubility of ozone and promoting the production of OH radicals. Additionally, US cavitation and mechanical action increase the probability of contact between various reactants in the solution, facilitating the occurrence of reactions. US also reduces the aggregation of arsenic-containing precipitates and the encapsulation of ZRD by arsenic containing precipitates, thereby decreasing the amount of arsenic-containing precipitates. In comparison to the traditional lime method, this approach results in a significant reduction in the amount of arsenic-containing precipitate by 54.5% and a 60% decrease in the total reaction time. The As removal mechanism of our method encompasses ZRD neutralization, US-enhanced ozone mass transfer and decomposition, oxidation of As(III) and Fe2+, and adsorption and coprecipitation. Consequently, the proposed method provides a cost-effective, fast, safe and environmentally friendly alternative for treating arsenic-contaminated ZnSO4 solutions.

A novel SnIn4S8/ZnFe2O4 S-scheme heterojunction with excellent magnetic properties and photocatalytic degradation activity for tetracycline.

The development of efficient and economical photocatalysts is considered a promising strategy for pollution remediation. Magnetically separable SnIn4S8/ZnFe2O4 composites (SIS/ZFO) were prepared by combining SIS with ZFO. The composite with a 30% ZFO mass ratio (SIS/ZFO-30) was the most effective and achieved 60% removal of tetracycline (TC) in 120 min. It has a rate constant of 7.94 × 10-3 min-1, which is 6.3 and 27.2 times higher than those of pure SIS and pure ZFO, respectively. The improved photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the formation of S-scheme heterojunctions between SIS and ZFO, which results in the strong absorption of visible light, the enhanced separation of electron-hole pairs, and the higher redox ability of photoinduced charges. Additionally, SIS/ZFO composites have excellent magnetic properties and high stability, and the recovered samples still retained good photocatalytic degradation performances after four cycles of experiments. Thus, the coupling of SIS with ZFO provides a valuable strategy for enhancing photocatalytic potential and offers a promising pathway for water remediation.

S-scheme heterojunction of hollow corncob-like ZnIn2S4/LaFeO3 for water splitting and tetracycline degradation.

Reasonable design of heterojunction photocatalysts with high-quality interfacial coupling is an effective way to improve the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors. Herein, we successfully decorated Zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4, ZIS) on perovskite Lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO3, LFO) with more active sites by a pre-hydrothermal combined post-calcination method, and constructed S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with a unique hollow corncob-like morphology for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production and tetracycline (TC) degradation. When the mass ratio of LFO is 35% and 15%, the ZIS/LFO photocatalyst exhibits the best hydrogen evolution rate and TC photodegradation performance, respectively. Notably, the optimum hydrogen production rate is 6 times that of pure ZIS with excellent cycling stability. The enhanced photoactivity can be explained by the hollow corncob-like morphology and the formed S-scheme heterojunction with close interface contact between ZIS and LFO, which significantly improves the spatial separation and migration efficiency of photoexcited carriers, while maintaining a high redox potential. Finally, it provides an effective support for the photocatalytic mechanism through calculation results of density functional theory. This work not only provides a novel construction strategy of photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and organic pollutant degradation, but also opens up a new insight for perovskite-modified S-scheme heterojunction.

In-situ preparation of mossy tile-like ZnIn2S4/Cu2MoS4 S-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light.

The reasonable design and fabrication of heterojunction could regulate the photocatalytic performance to some extent, yet it is still a great challenge to construct the S-scheme heterostructure with the stable as well as tight interface on the surface of semiconductor photocatalysts. Herein, the ZnIn2S4/Cu2MoS4 (ZIS/CMS) S-scheme heterostructure was fabricated by in-situ assembling ZIS nanosheets on the CMS plates, obtaining a mossy tile-like morphology. Owing to the compact interface resulting from in-situ growth, this unique architecture efficiently facilitated the separation and transfer of light-induced charges, guaranteed the larger interface area, and enriched the active sites for photocatalytic redox reactions. After adjusting the mass ratio of CMS in ZIS/CMS, S-scheme heterostructure exhibited the remarkable performance with an optimal H2 producing rate up to 1298 µmol·h-1 g-1, about 13.8 times than that of pristine ZIS. The mechanism and driving force of charge transfer and separation in S-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts were explained and discussed. This investigation will provide new insight into design and construction of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for H2 evolution.

Constructing of efficient interface solar evaporator: In-situ colloid foaming strategy for solar desalination and visible light response sewage purification.

The shortage of drinking water has become a global problem, coastal cities can make full use of abundant seawater resources by desalination technology to ease the contradiction between supply and demand. However, fossil energy consumption contradicts the goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Currently, researchers favor interfacial solar desalination devices relying only on clean solar energy. Based on the structure optimization of the evaporator, a kind of device composed of a superhydrophobic BiOI (BiOI-FD) floating layer and CuO polyurethane sponge (CuO sponge) is constructed in this paper, with its design advantages presented in the following two aspects: 1. The novel BiOI-FD photocatalyst in the floating layer reduces the surface tension and realizes the degradation of the enriched pollutants, ensuring the device to achieve solar desalination and inland sewage purification; 2. CuO sponge can inhibit salt crystallization and realize the combination of the water transport and photothermal layers. Particularly, the photothermal evaporation rate of the interface device reached 2.37 kg m-2 h-1.The novel interface evaporator design will bring a new solution for solar desalination, sewage treatment and large-scale application.

Designing Sphere-like FeSe2-Carbon Composites with Rational Construction of Interfacial Traits towards Considerable Sodium-storage Capabilities.

Due to their low cost and high stability, sodium-ion batteries have been increasingly studied. However, their further development is limited by the relative energy density, resulting in the search for high-capacity anodes. FeSe2 displays high conductivity and capacity but still suffers from sluggish kinetics and serious volume expansion. Herein, through sacrificial template methods, a series of sphere-like FeSe2-carbon composites are successfully prepared, displaying uniform carbon coatings and interfacial chemical FeOC bonds. Moreover, benefiting from the unique traits of precursor and acid treatment, rich structural voids are prepared, effectively alleviating volume expansion. Utilized as anodes of sodium-ion batteries, the optimized sample displays considerable capacity, achieving 462.9 mAh g-1, with 88.75% coulombic efficiency at 1.0 A g-1. Even at 5.0 A g-1, their capacity can be kept at approximately 318.8 mAh g-1, while the stable cycling can be prolonged to 200 cycles above. Supported by the detailed kinetic analysis, it can be noted that the existing chemical bonds facilitate the fast shuttling of ions at the interface, and the enhanced surface/near-surface properties are further vitrified. Given this, the work is expected to offer valuable insights for the rational design of metal-based samples toward advanced sodium-storage materials.

Achieving improved full-spectrum responsive 0D/3D CuWO4/BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ photocatalyst with synergetic effects of up-conversion, photothermal effect and direct Z-scheme heterojunction.

The key to obtain effective photocatalysts is to increase the efficiency of light energy conversion, and thus the design and implementation of full-spectrum photocatalysts is a potential approach to solve this problem especially by extending the absorption range to near-infrared (NIR) light. Herein, the improved full-spectrum responsive CuWO4/BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ (CW/BYE) direct Z-scheme heterojunction was prepared. The CW/BYE with CW mass ratio of 5% had the best degradation performance, and the removal rate of tetracycline reached 93.9% in 60 min and 69.4% in 12 h under visible (Vis) and NIR light, respectively, which were 5.2 and 3.3 times of BYE. According to the outcome of experimental, the reasonable mechanism of improved photoactivity was put forward on the basis of (i) the up-conversion (UC) effect of Er3+ ion to convert NIR photon to ultraviolet or visible light, which can be used by CW and BYE, (ii) the photothermal effect of CW to absorb the NIR light, increasing the local temperature of photocatalyst particle to accelerate the photoreaction, and (iii) the formed direct Z-scheme heterojunction between BYE and CW to boost the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Additionally, the excellent photostability of the photocatalyst was verified by cycle degradation experiments. This work opens up a promising technique for designing and synthesizing full-spectrum photocatalysts by utilizing synergetic effects of UC, photothermal effect and direct Z-scheme heterojunction.

Highly efficient flower-like ZnIn2S4/CoFe2O4 photocatalyst with p-n type heterojunction for enhanced hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation.

The construction of a p-n heterojunction structure is considered to be an effective method to improve the separation of electron-hole pairs in photocatalysts. A series of ZnIn2S4/CoFe2O4 (ZIS/CFO) photocatalysts with p-n heterojunctions were prepared via a method involving ultrasonication and calcination. The synthesized photocatalysts were tested and analyzed via various testing techniques, and their hydrogen evolution rates were evaluated. Compared with pure ZIS, ZIS/CFO with different mass ratios of CFO to ZIS showed improved photocatalytic hydrogen production performance, and the optimal photoactivity showed a nearly 12-fold increase, which can be attributed to the formation of p-n junctions and the formed internal electric field, accelerating the separation of electron-hole pairs and effectively improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. The excellent stability of the ZIS/CFO composite was proven by three cycle experiments. In addition, the ZIS/CFO composite also possessed excellent magnetic properties to realize facial magnetic recoverability. This work paves the way for the design and preparation of magnetically recoverable p-n heterojunction photocatalysts.

A Preliminary Comparison of Plasma Tryptophan Metabolites and Medium- and Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Adult Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia.

Background and Objectives: Disturbance of tryptophan (Trp) and fatty acid (FA) metabolism plays a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. However, quantitative analysis and comparison of plasma Trp metabolites and medium- and long-chain fatty acids (MCFAs and LCFAs) in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCH) are limited. Materials and Methods: Clinical symptoms were assessed and the level of Trp metabolites and MCFAs and LCFAs for plasma samples from patients with MDD (n = 24) or SCH (n = 22) and healthy controls (HC, n = 23) were obtained and analyzed. Results: We observed changes in Trp metabolites and MCFAs and LCFAs with MDD and SCH and found that Trp and its metabolites, such as N-formyl-kynurenine (NKY), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), and indole, as well as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N3) and the ratio of N3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N3: N6), decreased in both MDD and SCH patients. Meanwhile, levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased in SCH patients, and there was a significant difference in the composition of MCFAs and LCFAs between MDD and SCH patients. Moreover, the top 10 differential molecules could distinguish the two groups of diseases from HC and each other with high reliability. Conclusions: This study provides a further understanding of dysfunctional Trp and FA metabolism in adult patients with SCH or MDD and might develop combinatorial classifiers to distinguish between these disorders.

Altered Brain Function and Causal Connectivity Induced by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can effectively improve depression symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, its mechanism of action remains obscure. This study explored the neuralimaging mechanisms of rTMS in improving depression symptoms in patients with MDD. Methods: In this study, MDD patients with first-episode, drug-naive (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 33) were enrolled. Depression symptoms before and after rTMS treatment were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected both before and after the treatment. Changes in the brain function after the treatment were compared using the following two indices: the amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), which are sensitive for evaluating spontaneous neuronal activity. The brain region with synchronous changes was selected as the seed point, and the differences in the causal connectivity between the seed point and whole brain before and after rTMS treatment were investigated via Granger causality analysis (GCA). Results: Before treatment, patients with MDD had significantly lower ALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus (p < 0.01), higher ALFF in the left middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus (p < 0.01), and lower ReHo in the left middle frontal and left middle occipital gyri (p < 0.01) than the values observed in healthy controls. After the rTMS treatment, the ALFF was significantly increased in the left superior frontal gyrus (p < 0.01) and decreased in the left middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus (p < 0.01). Furthermore, ReHo was significantly increased in the left middle frontal and left middle occipital gyri (p < 0.01) in patients with MDD. Before treatment, GCA using the left middle frontal gyrus (the brain region with synchronous changes) as the seed point revealed a weak bidirectional causal connectivity between the middle and superior frontal gyri as well as a weak causal connectivity from the inferior temporal to the middle frontal gyri. After treatment, these causal connectivities were strengthened. Moreover, the causal connectivity from the inferior temporal gyrus to the middle frontal gyri negatively correlated with the total HAMD-17 score (r = -0.443, p = 0.021). Conclusion: rTMS treatment not only improves the local neural activity in the middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and precuneus but also strengthens the bidirectional causal connectivity between the middle and superior frontal gyri and the causal connectivity from the inferior temporal to the middle frontal gyri. Changes in these neuroimaging indices may represent the neural mechanisms underlying rTMS treatment in MDD. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR1800019761).

Unveiling the Role and Mechanism of Nb Doping and In Situ Carbon Coating on Improving Lithium-Ion Storage Characteristics of Rod-Like Morphology FeF3 ·0.33H2 O.

Given the inherent characteristics of transition metal fluorides and open tunnel-type frameworks, intercalation-conversion-type FeF3 ·0.33H2 O has attracted widespread attention as a promising lithium-ion battery cathode material with high operating voltage and high energy density. However, its low electronic conductivity and poor structural stability impede its practical application in high-rate capacity and long-lifetime batteries. Herein, rod-like Nb-substituted FeF3 ·0.33H2 O (Nb-FeF3 ·0.33H2 O@C) nanocrystals with a carbon coating derived from in situ carbonization in an ionic liquid are deliberately designed and prepared. Based on first-principles calculations and electrochemical analysis, it is shown that substitution of Nb into a proportion of Fe sites can dramatically reduce the total energy of the system and the bandgap, thus boosting the structural stability and electronic conductivity of FeF3 ·0.33H2 O. Simultaneously, the combination of a surface conductive carbon coating and assembly of the nanoparticles into a rod-like mesoporous architecture can produce an omni-directional ion/electron transmission network and a robust 3D composite structure. The Nb-FeF3 ·0.33H2 O@C composite with 3% Nb-doping displays high capacity (583.2 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C), good rate capacity (187.8 mAh g-1 at a high rate of 5.0 C), and excellent long-term cycle stability (160.4 mAh g-1 after 300 long cycles).

Clinical Response of Major Depressive Disorder Patients With Suicidal Ideation to Individual Target-Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Suicidal ideation increases precipitously in patients with depression, contributing to the risk of suicidal attempts. Despite the recent advancement in transcranial magnetic stimulation, its effectiveness in depression disorder and its wide acceptance, the network mechanisms of the clinical response to suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder remain unclear. Independent component analysis for neuroimaging data allows the identification of functional network connectivity which may help to explore the neural basis of suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and clinical scales were collected from 30 participants (15 major depressive patients with suicidal ideation and 15 healthy subjects). Individual target-transcranial magnetic stimulation (IT-TMS) was then used to decrease the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex activity through the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Thirty days post IT-TMS therapy, seven of 15 patients (46.67%) met suicidal remission criteria, and 12 patients (80.00%) met depression remission criteria. We found that IT-TMS could restore the abnormal functional network connectivity between default mode network and precuneus network, left executive control network and sensory-motor network. Furthermore, the changes in functional network connectivity between the default mode network and precuneus network were associated with suicidal ideation, and depressive symptoms were related to connectivity between left executive control network and sensory-motor network. These findings illustrate that IT-TMS is an effective protocol for the accurate restoration of impaired brain networks, which is consistent with clinical symptoms.

Zn, Co, and Fe Tridoped N-C Core-Shell Nanocages as the High-Efficiency Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst in Zinc-Air Batteries.

Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon (TM-N-C) nanomaterials are promising platinum-based substitutes for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, large-scale commercial production of high-efficiency, durable TM-N-C catalysts remains a formidable challenge. In this work, a facile ″ZIF-on-ZIF″ strategy is first adopted to design ZIF-8@ZIF-67 core-shell polyhedral nanocages, and then, ferrocene (Fc) is added to form ZIF-8@ZIF-67@Fc double-layer encapsulating polyhedral nanocages. Finally, Zn, Co, and Fe tridoped N-C nanocages (ZnCoFe-N-C) as the high-efficiency ORR electrocatalyst are prepared through high-temperature annealing. Benefiting from the trimetal, nitrogen and carbon species bond to each other to form highly efficient active sites, and the material exhibits outstanding performance in 0.1 M KOH, onset potential and half-wave potential of up to 0.95 and 0.878 V (vs RHE), respectively, and long-term durability and methanol tolerance. Furthermore, when utilizing as a zinc-air battery (ZAB) air electrode, it exhibits wonderful indicators, reflected in an open circuit voltage of 1.525 V, power density of 350.2 mW cm-2, and specific capacity of 794.7 mAh gzn-1, which outperforms the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. This work provides a facile and effective strategy to obtain a highly efficient and stable TM-N-C electrocatalyst for the ORR in ZABs.

Acupoint Massage Can Effectively Promote the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function after Gynecologic Laparoscopy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of acupoint massage on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients after laparoscopic surgery for gynecologic indications. Methods: A total of 160 patients, who underwent gynecologic laparoscopy from December 2015 to January 2017, were recruited. Half of the patients received standard postoperative nursing (i.e., the control group); while the other half received acupoint massage in addition to the standard care (i.e., the observation group). The recovery time of bowel sounds, the first anal exhaust time and the first defecation time were recorded. The plasma levels of motilin, somatostatin and cholecystokinin before and after the surgery were also determined. Results: Compared to the control group, the observation group demonstrated significantly shorter bowel sound recovery time, first anal exhaust time and first defecation time (t = 11.755, 10.400, 11.950, P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Before surgery, the plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in both groups were comparable. At 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperative, the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall response rate of the observation group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (control group, 78.75%; observation group, 97.50%; P = 0.008). Conclusion: Acupoint massage could accelerate the recovery of bowel function after gynecologic laparoscopy by modulating the release of gastrointestinal hormones.