[Regional difference of schistosomiasis knowledge and behavior of population in Mianzhu City].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of schistosomiasis knowledge and behavior and analyze the regional difference of population in Mianzhu City. METHODS: Nine towns were divided into 3 groups, and each group had 3 towns. In Group I , there were 5 or more than 5 advanced schistosomiasis patients each town; in Group II , there were 1-4 advanced patients each town; in Group III, there was no advanced patient. A total of 2 743 residents were investigated with questionnaire in all the 9 towns. RESULTS: The overall awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge was 88.12%, and the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control knowledge were 94.55%, 88.21% and 81.10% in Group I , Group II and Group III respectively. The total formation rate of correct behavior was 68.10%, and the formation rates of correct behavior were 73.18%, 67.05% and 63.65% in Group I , Group II and Group III respectively. The awareness rates of schistosome transmission were 95.99%, 89.48% and 79.67%; the awareness rates of Oncomelania snails were 87.67%, 82.54% and 73.92%; the awareness rates of schistosomiasis harm were 95.68%, 93.99% and 80.88%; the rates of residents who thought that schistosomiasis patients did not affect others were 9.97%, 12.83% and 15.58%; the rates of residents who did not know the information of the snails should report to which department were 7.91%, 11.33%, 15.69%; the rates of residents who often had wild bowels were 6.17%, 8.79% and 11.38%; the rates of residents who often washed their hands and feet in ditches and ponds were 58.68%, 58.27%, 61.22%; the rates of residents who would not accept the schistosomiasis checks were 5.86%, 5.66%, 11.49% in Group I , Group II and Group III respectively. CONCLUSION: As a whole, the population of Mianzhu City has positive behaviors to schistosomiasis control. We should still enhance the schistosomiasis control education and interventions according to the characteristics of the different townships.

[Surveillance of schistosomiasis of reconstruction personnel after earthquake in Mianzhu City from 2009 to 2011].

After "5.12" earthquake, 5 128 reconstruction people from schistosomiasis endemic areas were surveyed for schistosome infection from 2009 to 2001. There were 261 seropositive persons with the positive rate of 5.09%, but there were no persons with positive stool examination. The seropositive rate was higher in reconstruction persons from schistosomiasis endemic areas than that in local residents, therefore, we still should strengthen the active schistosomiasis surveillance of reconstruction people from schistosomiasis endemic areas in order to prevent input of infection source so as to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.

Solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis of a small library of N-glycans.

Solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis is based on a hydroxymethylbenzyl benzoate spacer linker which is connected to the Merrifield resin (1 P). Glycosylation was performed with O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidates of glucosamine, mannose, and galactose permitting chain extension (2e, 5e), branching (4b, 7b, 8b), and chain termination (3t, 6t, 9t) with the use of O-benzyl, O-benzoyl, and N-dimethylmaleoyl as permanent and O-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and O-phenoxyacetyl (PA) as temporary protecting groups. The steps required on solid phase are i) glycosylation under TMSOTf catalysis, ii) selective cleavage of the temporary protecting groups, Fmoc with NEt3 and PA with 0.5 equivalents of NaOMe in CH2Cl2/MeOH, and iii) product cleavage from the resin with 4.0 equivalents of NaOMe in CH2Cl2/MeOH and following O-acetylation for convenient product isolation. Thus a highly successful synthesis of a small library of seventeen N-glycan structures was made possible comprising the N-glycan pentasaccharide core structure 53 and two further chain extended hexa- and heptasaccharide N-glycans with a glucosamine or a lactosamine residue, respectively, which is attached to one of the mannose residues of the core structure (56 and 59).

Chemoselective deprotection of cyclic N,O-aminals using catalytic bismuth(III) bromide in acetonitrile.

Cyclic N,O-aminals can be chemoselectively and efficiently deprotected using a catalytic amount of bismuth(III) bromide in acetonitrile at room temperature. This selectivity was also achieved in the presence of terminal O,O-acetal functionality. The susceptibility of various other groups to cleavage was also investigated. This method has advantages of ease of operation and use of nontoxic and inexpensive reagents in catalytic amounts.

Synthesis of 4-azido-4-deoxy-Neu5,7,8,9Ac42en1Me. A key intermediate for the synthesis of GG167 from D-glucono-delta-lactone.

[reaction: see text] Stereoselective synthesis of 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-4-azido-3,4,5-trideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enonic acid methyl ester, an advanced key intermediate for the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitor GG167 (Zanamivir, Relenza), was accomplished using D-glucono-delta-lactone as starting material. A highly diastereoselective allyllation of an imine intermediate, a regioselective azide-opening of an aziridine, and chemoselective oxidations of vicinal diols served successfully as key steps.

Synthesis of a new stable conformationally constrained 2,7-anhydrosialic acid derivative.

A stereoseletive synthesis of 2,7-anhydrosialic acid derivative 18 was achieved from d-glucono-delta-lactone. A highly syn-selective addition of Grignard reagent to theN-benzylimine 8 served as a key step.

A new synthesis of Neu5Ac from D-glucono-delta-lactone.

A new route to Neu5Ac methyl ester (23) with a readily available sugar D-glucono-delta-lactone as starting material has been developed. A diastereoselective propargylation of alpha-acetamino aldehyde and a subsequent KMnO(4) oxidation of the terminal alkyne served as the key steps.