Subject(s)
Biotin/analysis , Biotin/blood , Artifacts , Biotin/metabolism , Chorionic Gonadotropin/analysis , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Cohort Studies , Dietary Supplements , Drug Misuse/trends , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Risk Assessment/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methodsSubject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Emergency Service, Hospital , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biotin/administration & dosage , Biotin/pharmacokinetics , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that postdischarge care for self-harm patients is effective in reducing repeated suicidal behaviors. Little is known about whether volunteer support can help reduce self-harm repetition and improve psychosocial well-being. AIM: This study investigated the efficacy of volunteer support in preventing repetition of self-harm. METHOD: This study used a quasi-experimental design by assigning self-harm patients admitted to the emergency departments to an intervention group with volunteer support and treatment as usual (TAU) for 9 months and to a control group of TAU. Outcome measures include repetition of self-harm, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and level of depressive and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 74 cases were recruited (38 participants; 36 controls). There were no significant differences in age, gender, and clinical condition between the two groups at the baseline. The intervention group showed significant improvements in hopelessness and depressive symptoms. However, the number of cases of suicide ideation and of repetition of self-harm episodes was similar for both groups at the postintervention period. CONCLUSION: Postdischarge care provided by volunteers showed significant improvement in hopelessness and depression. Volunteers have been commonly involved in suicide prevention services. Further research using rigorous methods is recommended for improving service quality in the long term.
Subject(s)
Mentors , Self-Injurious Behavior/therapy , Suicide Prevention , Volunteers , Adolescent , Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Pilot Projects , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Single-Blind Method , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
For testing stationarity of a given spatial point pattern, Guan (2008) proposed a model-free statistic, based on the deviations between observed and expected counts of points in expanding regions within the sampling window. This article extends his method to a general class of statistics by incorporating also such information when points are projected to the axes and by allowing different ways to construct regions in which the deviations are considered. The limiting distributions of the new statistics can be expressed in terms of integrals of a Brownian sheet and hence asymptotic critical values can be approximated. A simulation study shows that the new tests are always more powerful than that of Guan. When applied to the longleaf pine data where Guan's test gave an inconclusive answer, the new tests indicate a clear rejection of the stationarity hypothesis.
Subject(s)
Biometry/methods , Computer Simulation , Georgia , Models, Statistical , Pinus , Poisson DistributionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Marked differences have been found in the characteristics of people dying by suicide in Western and Asian countries. However, there is less information available on possible differences for deliberate self-harm (DSH). AIMS: To compare the characteristics of people presenting to hospital in Hong Kong and Oxford (UK) with DSH, and to assess the outcome of those persons in Hong Kong. METHODS: A sample of DSH patients admitted to the accident and emergency (A&E) department of a regional hospital in Hong Kong was assessed and followed up 6 months later to assess the risk of repetition of DSH, and was then compared with such patients in Oxford. RESULTS: The majority of patients in Hong Kong were female (male:female ratio of 1:2.4), young (59% were under 35), and had used self-poisoning (78%). Over one-third were single (37%) and one-fourth unemployed (26%). About half (49%) scored in the high or very high categories of the Beck's Suicide Intent Scale, considerably more so than in Oxford; 44.6% of patients defaulted psychiatric outpatient service during the 6-month follow-up period. The repetition rate within the following 6 months was 16.7%. The number of self-reported adverse life problems, history of childhood sexual and physical abuse, and repetitive self-mutilation were shown to be the factors most strongly correlated with the risk of re-attempt. Alcohol problems were much lower than in Oxford. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that DSH patients in Hong Kong show some marked differences compared to those in Oxford. Implications for the prevention of repeated DSH in Hong Kong are discussed.
