ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide which is closely related to metastasis. But the exact molecular mechanism on metastasis is still not fully understood; we now report that both MRTF-A and STAT3 play important role in breast cancer migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, MRTF-A and STAT3 synergistically increased MDA-MB-231 cell migration by promoting the expression of migration markers Myl-9 and Cyr-61. Importantly, we identified a detailed molecular mechanism of MDA-MB-231 cell migration controlled via physical interaction between MRTF-A and STAT3, which synergistically promote the transactivity of the migration marker Myl-9 and Cyr-61 by CArG box binding. Interestingly, the two signaling pathways RhoA-MRTF-A and JAK-STAT3 across talk to regulate MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Our data thus provide important and novel insights into the roles of MRTF-A and STAT3 in regulating MDA-MB-231 cell migration.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Cell Movement , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis , STAT3 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis , Trans-Activators/biosynthesis , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/biosynthesis , Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/genetics , Female , Humans , Myosin Light Chains/biosynthesis , Myosin Light Chains/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Response Elements , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Trans-Activators/genetics , Transcriptional Activation/geneticsABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein produced by placental trophoblasts. Previous studies indicated that hCG could be responsible for the pregnancy-induced protection against breast cancer in women. It is reported that hCG decreases proliferation and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Our research also demonstrates that hCG can reduce the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by downregulating the expression of proliferation markers, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and proliferation-related Ki-67 antigen (Ki-67). Interestingly, we find here that hCG elevates the state of cellular differentiation, as characterized by the upregulation of differentiation markers, ß-casein, cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), and E-cadherin. Inhibition of hCG secretion or luteinizing hormone/hCG receptors (LH/hCGRs) synthesis can weaken the effect of hCG on the induction of cell differentiation. Furthermore, hCG can suppress the expression of estrogen receptor alpha. hCG activated receptor-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway. These findings indicated that a protective effect of hCG against breast cancer may be associated with its growth inhibitory and differentiation induction function in breast cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation , Chorionic Gonadotropin/physiology , Antigens, CD , Breast Neoplasms , Cadherins/metabolism , Caseins/metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism , Humans , Keratin-18/metabolism , MCF-7 Cells , Receptors, LH/genetics , Receptors, LH/metabolism , Second Messenger SystemsABSTRACT
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. It is well known that oncogene activation and anti-oncogene inactivation affect the development and progression of breast cancer, but the role of oncogene activation and anti-oncogene inactivation in breast cancer is still not fully understood. We now report that maspin acts as a tumor suppressor gene to induce MCF-7 cell apoptosis. In addition, maspin promoter hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation lead to silencing of maspin gene expression in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) and/or the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) strongly up-regulated the expression of maspin in MCF-7 cells. Notably, myocardin can promote the re-expression of maspin in MCF-7 cells. Luciferase assay shows that myocardin activates the transcription of maspin promoter by CArG box. More importantly, 5-aza-dc/TSA and myocardin synergetically enhance re-expression of maspin and augment maspin-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Thus, these data reveal the new insight that myocardin meditates apoptosis in breast cancer through affecting maspin re-expression and epigenetic modification to regulate the development of breast cancer, thereby raising the possibility of its use in breast cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Epigenesis, Genetic , Nuclear Proteins/physiology , Serpins/genetics , Trans-Activators/physiology , Transcription, Genetic , Acetylation , Apoptosis , Base Sequence , Breast Neoplasms , Cell Proliferation , DNA Methylation , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , HeLa Cells , Histones/metabolism , Humans , MCF-7 Cells , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Serpins/metabolismABSTRACT
High expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) is associated with a poor prognosis that correlates closely with cellular proliferation in breast cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which ERα controls breast cancer cell proliferation is not clear. Here we report that ERα regulates the cell cycle by suppressing p53/p21 and up-regulating proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and proliferation-related Ki-67 antigen (Ki-67) to promote proliferation of MCF-7 cells. In addition, 17-ß-estradiol (E2) enhances ERα-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells by stimulating expression of PCNA and Ki-67. Knockdown of ERα significantly affects PCNA/Ki-67 and p53/p21 expression. Furthermore, ERα inhibits the transcriptional activity of p53/p21 in an estrogen response element-dependent manner. More importantly, we provide new evidence that ERα mediates proliferation of MCF-7 cells by up-regulating miR-17 to silence the expression of p21. Thus, these data provide new insights into the underlying effect of ERα on breast cancer proliferation.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism , E2F1 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Cycle , Cell Proliferation , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/antagonists & inhibitors , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics , E2F1 Transcription Factor/genetics , Estradiol/metabolism , Estrogen Receptor alpha/agonists , Estrogen Receptor alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Gene Silencing , Humans , Ki-67 Antigen/biosynthesis , Ki-67 Antigen/genetics , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , MCF-7 Cells , MicroRNAs/biosynthesis , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Response Elements , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/antagonists & inhibitors , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To present the experience of nasal reconstruction with forehead flap. METHOD: nasal reconstruction with forehead flap were applied in eight nasal carcinoma cases after operation and 5 nasal trauma cases with defects. RESULT: These forehead flaps were alive in all patients, all incision healed in I stage, no post operative complications were found. The shapes of nose were satisfactory, there were no recurrence of tumor during 1 to 17 year follow up. CONCLUSION: The method can be clinically applied for its simple procedure, reliable flap's blood supply, high survival rate and satisfied result.
Subject(s)
Forehead/surgery , Nose/surgery , Rhinoplasty/methods , Skin Transplantation , Surgical Flaps , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nose/injuries , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the immune modulatory and therapeutic effect of BCG polysaccharides nucleic acid (BCG-PSN) on patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Sixty patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into two groups, 30 in the test group were treated with BCG-PSN plus ketotefen and 30 in the control group were treated with ketotefen respectively. All patients were followed up and assessed for 3 months, and the blood samples were collected before treatment and 3 months after treatment for measuring the blood IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, CD3, CD4 and CD8. RESULT: In the test group, the total effective rate was significantly higher comparable to that in the control group. After treatment of BCG-PSN, blood CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 were significantly increased. IgE significantly reduced (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: BCG polysaccharides nucleic acid can modulate the cellular immunofunction of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and can increase the curative rate on perennial allergic rhinitis.
