Optimizing Li Plating Behavior via Controlling Areal Capacity of a Cathode for Cycling Stability on 600 W h kg-1 Lithium-Metal Batteries.

To meet the requirements of long-range electric vehicles and aviation, the high-mass-loading electrode with high areal capacity is a promising solution to realize ultrahigh-energy lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). However, enabling the operation of high mass loading with a long cycling life is still a challenge without in-depth investigation. Herein, we figured out that the polarization appearing in the cycled lithium-metal anodes (LMAs) is responsible for the poor cycling of LMBs with high mass loading. Moreover, the origin of fast degradation of LMAs is affected by mass loading through the Li plating process, which is decided by the Li plating morphology. Hence, manipulating the mass loading can directly promote lithium reversibility and further mitigate cell polarization in LMBs, endowing high-mass-loading LMBs with excellent cycling stability. Consequently, we achieved an ultrahigh energy density (605 W h kg-1) of a 10.1 A h pouch cell with an excellent retention of 91.7% capacity and 86% energy after 50 cycles. The feasible strategy points out a promising approach for designing high-energy-density LMBs in the future.

Ginseng total saponin improves red blood cell oxidative stress injury by regulating tyrosine phosphorylation and glycolysis in red blood cells.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is the main cause of many diseases, but because of its complex pathogenic factors, there is no clear method for treating it. Ginseng total saponin (GTS) an important active ingredients in Panax ginseng C.A. Mey (PG) and has potential therapeutic ability for oxidative stress due to various causes. However, the molecular mechanism of GTS in the treating oxidative stress damage in red blood cells (RBCs) is still unclear. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the protective effect of GTS on RBCs under oxidative stress damage and to determine its potential mechanism. METHODS: The oxidative stress models of rat RBCs induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and exhaustive swimming in vivo and in vitro was used. We determined the cell morphology, oxygen carrying capacity, apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, and energy metabolism of RBCs. The effect of tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) of Band 3 protein on RBCs glycolysis was also examined. RESULTS: GTS reduced the hemolysis of RBCs induced by H2O2 at the lowest concentration. Moreover, GTS effectively improved the morphology, enhanced the oxygen carrying capacity, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in RBCs. GTS also promoted the expression of membrane proteins in RBCs, inhibited pTyr of Band 3 protein, and further improved glycolysis, restoring the morphological structure and physiological function of RBCs. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows, that GTS can protect RBCs from oxidative stress damage by improving RBCs morphology and physiological function. Changes in pTyr expression and its related pTyr regulatory enzymes before and after GTS treatment suggest that Band 3 protein is the main target of GTS in the treating endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. Moreover, GTS can enhance the glycolytic ability of RBCs by inhibiting pTyr of Band 3 protein, thereby restoring the function of RBCs.

Dissection of Common Rust Resistance in Tropical Maize Multiparent Population through GWAS and Linkage Studies.

Common rust (CR), caused by Puccina sorghi, is a major foliar disease in maize that leads to quality deterioration and yield losses. To dissect the genetic architecture of CR resistance in maize, this study utilized the susceptible temperate inbred line Ye107 as the male parent crossed with three resistant tropical maize inbred lines (CML312, D39, and Y32) to generate 627 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), with the aim of identifying maize disease-resistant loci and candidate genes for common rust. Phenotypic data showed good segregation between resistance and susceptibility, with varying degrees of resistance observed across different subpopulations. Significant genotype effects and genotype × environment interactions were observed, with heritability ranging from 85.7% to 92.2%. Linkage and genome-wide association analyses across the three environments identified 20 QTLs and 62 significant SNPs. Among these, seven major QTLs explained 66% of the phenotypic variance. Comparison with six SNPs repeatedly identified across different environments revealed overlap between qRUST3-3 and Snp-203,116,453, and Snp-204,202,469. Haplotype analysis indicated two different haplotypes for CR resistance for both the SNPs. Based on LD decay plots, three co-located candidate genes, Zm00001d043536, Zm00001d043566, and Zm00001d043569, were identified within 20 kb upstream and downstream of these two SNPs. Zm00001d043536 regulates hormone regulation, Zm00001d043566 controls stomatal opening and closure, related to trichome, and Zm00001d043569 is associated with plant disease immune responses. Additionally, we performed candidate gene screening for five additional SNPs that were repeatedly detected across different environments, resulting in the identification of five candidate genes. These findings contribute to the development of genetic resources for common rust resistance in maize breeding programs.

GRAVEN: a database of teaching method that applies gestures to represent the neurosurgical approach's blood vessels and nerves.

BACKGROUND: In this era of rapid technological development, medical schools have had to use modern technology to enhance traditional teaching. Online teaching was preferred by many medical schools. However due to the complexity of intracranial anatomy, it was challenging for the students to study this part online, and the students were likely to be tired of neurosurgery, which is disadvantageous to the development of neurosurgery. Therefore, we developed this database to help students learn better neuroanatomy. MAIN BODY: The data were sourced from Rhoton's Cranial Anatomy and Surgical Approaches and Neurosurgery Tricks of the Trade in this database. Then we designed many hand gesture figures connected with the atlas of anatomy. Our database was divided into three parts: intracranial arteries, intracranial veins, and neurosurgery approaches. Each section below contains an atlas of anatomy, and gestures represent vessels and nerves. Pictures of hand gestures and atlas of anatomy are available to view on GRAVEN ( www.graven.cn ) without restrictions for all teachers and students. We recruited 50 undergraduate students and randomly divided them into two groups: using traditional teaching methods or GRAVEN database combined with above traditional teaching methods. Results revealed a significant improvement in academic performance in using GRAVEN database combined with traditional teaching methods compared to the traditional teaching methods. CONCLUSION: This database was vital to help students learn about intracranial anatomy and neurosurgical approaches. Gesture teaching can effectively simulate the relationship between human organs and tissues through the flexibility of hands and fingers, improving anatomy interest and education.

Total ginsenosides extend healthspan of aging Drosophila by suppressing imbalances in intestinal stem cells and microbiota.

BACKGROUND: Disruption of stem cell and microbial homeostasis accelerates the aging process. Hence, maintaining these balances effectively delays aging and alleviates the symptoms of age-related diseases. Recent research indicates that targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and immune deficiency (IMD) signalling may play a positive role in maintaining homeostasis in aging intestinal stem cells (ISC) and microbial equilibrium. Previous research has suggested that total ginsenosides (TG) derived from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer may exhibit potential anti-aging properties by mitigating ER stress and mediating the IMD pathway. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether TG improve ISC and microbial homeostasis by modulating ER stress and the IMD pathway to promote healthy aging. PURPOSE: To elucidate whether TG promotes healthspan in Drosophila and its underlying molecular mechanisms, focusing on its role in regulating ER stress and the IMD pathway to maintain ISC and intestinal microbiota homeostasis. METHODS: High performance liquid chromatography was performed to detect the main saponin monomer in TG. Survival rate, gut length, barrier function, and feeding/excretion behaviour assays were used to evaluate the effects of TG on the lifespan and gut health of Drosophila. At the stem cell level, "esg-luciferase" reporter system, esg-GFP/delta stem cell fluorescent labelling, and phospho-histone H3+ mitotic activity assays were employed to determine whether TG prevented natural aging or oxidative stress-associated ISC over-proliferation in Drosophila. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the effects of TG on ER stress during aging. Overexpression or interference of ER stress target genes and their related c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) gene was manipulated using gene editing technology to verify the molecular mechanism by which TG maintains age-related ISC proliferation homeostasis. Molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to verify the direct interactions between TG and ER stress target genes. In addition, at the intestinal flora level, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyse the effect of TG on the diversity and abundance of Drosophila intestinal flora and the possible functional pathways involved. RT-qPCR was performed to determine whether TG mediated the expression of target genes in the IMD pathway. A dominant bacterial species-specific mono-association analysis were performed to verify whether the effects of TG on IMD target genes and ISC proliferation depended on the direct control of the dominant bacterial species. RESULTS: Our results suggest that administration of TG delays the decline in gut morphology and function in aging Drosophila. TG prevents age-associated ISC hyperproliferation by inhibiting ER stress IRE1-mediated JNK signaling. Furthermore, oral TG prevented aging-associated ISC and gut microbiota dysbiosis by remodelling the gut microbiota and inhibiting Acetobacter-mediated activation of IMD target genes. CONCLUSION: TG promotes healthy aging by inhibiting the excessive proliferation of ISC and alleviating intestinal microbial imbalance, thereby providing new insights for the research and development of anti-aging TG products.

The impact of empathy on medical students: an integrative review.

INTRODUCTION: Empathy is considered the ability to understand or feel others emotions or experiences. As an important part of medical education, empathy can affect medical students in many ways. It is still lacking a comprehensive evaluation of the existing articles on empathy's impact on medical students, despite the existence of many articles on the topic. OBJECTIVES: To summarize the impact of empathy on medical students during medical education from four perspectives: mental health, academic performance, clinical competence, and specialty preference. METHODS: The search terms used for retrieval were "empathy", "medical student", "mental health", "depression", "anxiety", "burnout", "examinations", "academic performance", "clinical competence", "specialty preference" on PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science before January 2024. The search was carried out by two reviewers. Titles and abstracts were screened independently and reviewed based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. A consensus was drawn on which articles were included. RESULTS: Our results indicated that high empathy was a positive factor for mental health, However, students with high affective empathy were more likely to suffer from depression, anxiety, and burnout. Empathy was found to be unrelated to academic performance, but positively correlated with clinical competence, particularly in terms of communication skills. Medical students with high levels of empathy tended to prefer people-oriented majors. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students who score higher on the self-reported empathy scales often have better mental health, better communication skills, and tend to choose people-oriented specialties. But empathy is not related to academic performance. Additionally, the different dimensions of empathy have different impacts on medical students. It is necessary to design targeted courses and training for medical students to enhance their empathy.

The mechanism of USP43 in the development of tumor: a literature review.

Ubiquitination of the proteins is crucial for governing protein degradation and regulating fundamental cellular processes. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) have emerged as significant regulators of multiple pathways associated with cancer and other diseases, owing to their capacity to remove ubiquitin from target substrates and modulate signaling. Consequently, they represent potential therapeutic targets for cancer and other life-threatening conditions. USP43 belongs to the DUBs family involved in cancer development and progression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing scientific evidence implicating USP43 in cancer development. Additionally, it will investigate potential small-molecule inhibitors that target DUBs that may have the capability to function as anti-cancer medicines.

Olfactory ensheathing cells as candidate cells for chronic pain treatment.

Chronic pain is often accompanied by tissue damage and pain hypersensitivity. It easily relapses and is challenging to cure, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life and is an urgent problem to be solved. Current treatment methods primarily rely on morphine drugs, which do not address the underlying nerve injury and may cause adverse reactions. Therefore, in recent years, scientists have shifted their focus from chronic pain treatment to cell transplantation. This review describes the classification and mechanism of chronic pain through the introduction of the characteristics of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), an in-depth discussion of special glial cells through the phagocytosis of nerve debris, receptor-ligand interactions, providing nutrition, and other inhibition of neuroinflammation, and ultimately supporting axon regeneration and mitigation of chronic pain. This review summarizes the potential and limitations of OECs for treating chronic pain by objectively analyzing relevant clinical trials and methods to enhance efficacy and future development prospects.

Exploring clinical applications and long-term effectiveness of benzodiazepines: An integrated perspective on mechanisms, imaging, and personalized medicine.

Benzodiazepines have been long-established treatments for various conditions, including anxiety disorders and insomnia. Recent FDA warnings emphasize the risks of misuse and dependence associated with benzodiazepines. This article highlights their benefits and potential drawbacks from various perspectives. It achieves this by explaining how benzodiazepines work in terms of neuroendocrinology, immunomodulation, sleep, anxiety, cognition, and addiction, ultimately improving their clinical effectiveness. Benzodiazepines play a regulatory role in the HPA axis and impact various systems, including neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin. Benzodiazepines can facilitate sleep-dependent memory consolidation by promoting spindle wave activity, but they can also lead to memory deficits in older individuals due to reduced slow-wave sleep. The cognitive effects of chronic benzodiazepines use remain uncertain; however, no adverse findings have been reported in clinical imaging studies. This article aims to comprehensively review the evidence on benzodiazepines therapy, emphasizing the need for more clinical studies, especially regarding long-term benzodiazepines use.

Ginseng-derived nanoparticles alleviate inflammatory bowel disease via the TLR4/MAPK and p62/Nrf2/Keap1 pathways.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely linked to the homeostasis of the intestinal environment, and exosomes can be used to treat IBD due to their high biocompatibility and ability to be effectively absorbed by the intestinal tract. However, Ginseng-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) have not been studied in this context and their mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we investigated GDNPs ability to mediate intercellular communication in a complex inflammatory microenvironment in order to treat IBD. We found that GDNPs scavenge reactive oxygen species from immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, promote the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, as well as enhancing the diversity of the intestinal flora. GDNPs significantly stabilise the intestinal barrier thereby promoting tissue repair. Overall, we proved that GDNPs can ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro, acting on the TLR4/MAPK and p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathways, and exerting an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. GDNPs mitigated IBD in mice by reducing inflammatory factors and improving the intestinal environment. This study offers new evidence of the potential therapeutic effects of GDNPs in the context of IBD, providing the conceptual ground for an alternative therapeutic strategy.

Utilizing Two Populations Derived from Tropical Maize for Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Resistance.

Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) in maize is a soil-borne fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, resulting in significant yield losses. Investigating the genes responsible for regulating resistance to BLSB is crucial for yield enhancement. In this study, a multiparent maize population was developed, comprising two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations totaling 442 F8RILs. The populations were generated by crossing two tropical inbred lines, CML444 and NK40-1, known for their BLSB resistance, as female parents, with the high-yielding but BLSB-susceptible inbred line Ye107 serving as the common male parent. Subsequently, we utilized 562,212 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) for a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed at identifying genes responsible for BLSB resistance. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify SNPs associated with BLSB resistance through genome-wide association analyses, (2) explore candidate genes regulating BLSB resistance in maize, and (3) investigate pathways involved in BLSB resistance and discover key candidate genes through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. The GWAS analysis revealed nineteen SNPs significantly associated with BLSB that were consistently identified across four environments in the GWAS, with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 2.48% to 11.71%. Screening a 40 kb region upstream and downstream of the significant SNPs revealed several potential candidate genes. By integrating information from maize GDB and the NCBI, we identified five novel candidate genes, namely, Zm00001d009723, Zm00001d009975, Zm00001d009566, Zm00001d009567, located on chromosome 8, and Zm00001d026376, on chromosome 10, related to BLSB resistance. These candidate genes exhibit association with various aspects, including maize cell membrane proteins and cell immune proteins, as well as connections to cell metabolism, transport, transcriptional regulation, and structural proteins. These proteins and biochemical processes play crucial roles in maize defense against BLSB. When Rhizoctonia solani invades maize plants, it induces the expression of genes encoding specific proteins and regulates corresponding metabolic pathways to thwart the invasion of this fungus. The present study significantly contributes to our understanding of the genetic basis of BLSB resistance in maize, offering valuable insights into novel candidate genes that could be instrumental in future breeding efforts to develop maize varieties with enhanced BLSB resistance.

Genome-Wide Association Study and Prediction of Tassel Weight of Tropical Maize Germplasm in Multi-Parent Population.

Tassel weight (TW) is a crucial agronomic trait that significantly affects pollen supply and grain yield development in maize breeding. To improve maize yield and develop new varieties, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying tassel weight is essential. In this study, tropical maize inbred lines, namely CML312, CML373, CML444, and YML46, were selected as female parents and crossed with the elite maize inbred line Ye107, which served as the common male parent, to develop a multi-parent population comprising four F8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) subpopulations. Using 6616 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we conducted genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) on 642 F8 RILs in four subpopulations across three different environments. Through GWAS, we identified 16 SNPs that were significantly associated with TW, encompassing two stable loci expressed across multiple environments. Furthermore, within the candidate regions of these SNPs, we discovered four novel candidate genes related to TW, namely Zm00001d044362, Zm00001d011048, Zm00001d011049, and Zm00001d031173 distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, and 8, which have not been previously reported. These genes are involved in processes such as signal transduction, growth and development, protein splicing, and pollen development, all of which play crucial roles in inflorescence meristem development, directly affecting TW. The co-localized SNP, S8_137379725, on chromosome 8 was situated within a 16.569 kb long terminal repeat retrotransposon (LTR-RT), located 22.819 kb upstream and 26.428 kb downstream of the candidate genes (Zm00001d011048 and Zm00001d011049). When comparing three distinct GS models, the BayesB model demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting TW. This study establishes the theoretical foundation for future research into the genetic mechanisms underlying maize TW and the efficient breeding of high-yielding varieties with desired tassel weight through GS.

An early warning model to predict acute kidney injury in sepsis patients with prior hypertension.

Background: In the context of sepsis patients, hypertension has a significant impact on the likelihood of developing sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI), leading to a considerable burden. Moreover, sepsis is responsible for over 50 % of cases of acute kidney injuries (AKI) and is linked to an increased likelihood of death during hospitalization. The objective of this research is to develop a dependable and strong nomogram framework, utilizing the variables accessible within the first 24 h of admission, for the anticipation of S-AKI in sepsis patients who have hypertension. Methods: In this study that looked back, a total of 462 patients with sepsis and high blood pressure were identified from Nanfang Hospital. These patients were then split into a training set (consisting of 347 patients) and a validation set (consisting of 115 patients). A multivariate logistic regression analysis and a univariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the factors that independently predict S-AKI. Based on these independent predictors, the model was constructed. To evaluate the efficacy of the designed nomogram, several analyses were conducted, including calibration curves, receiver operating characteristics curves, and decision curve analysis. Results: The findings of this research indicated that diabetes, prothrombin time activity (PTA), thrombin time (TT), cystatin C, creatinine (Cr), and procalcitonin (PCT) were autonomous prognosticators for S-AKI in sepsis individuals with hypertension. The nomogram model, built using these predictors, demonstrated satisfactory discrimination in both the training (AUC = 0.823) and validation (AUC = 0.929) groups. The S-AKI nomogram demonstrated superior predictive ability in assessing S-AKI within the hypertension grade I (AUC = 0.901) set, surpassing the hypertension grade II (AUC = 0.816) and III (AUC = 0.810) sets. The nomogram exhibited satisfactory calibration and clinical utility based on the calibration curve and decision curve analysis. Conclusion: In patients with sepsis and high blood pressure, the nomogram that was created offers a dependable and strong evaluation for predicting S-AKI. This evaluation provides valuable insights to enhance individualized treatment, ultimately resulting in improved clinical outcomes.

Association between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and IL-6、TNF-α: A Systematic Review and A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) greatly increases the risk of bone fracture in postmenopausal women, seriously affects the quality of life of patients, and is an important global public health problem. Persistent chronic systemic inflammation may be involved in the change process of PMOP, and many cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and Interleukin-6, play an important role in the inflammatory response. Therefore, This study takes commonly representative inflammatory factors as indicators to better determine their role in PMOP patients by means of databases from multiple studies for use in Meta-analysis. METHOD: Systematic review of studies on the relationship between PMOP and markers of inflammation: interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Each effect size was expressed with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and I2 quantified the heterogeneity. The final results were aggregated and evaluated using random or fixed effects models. RESULTS: Twenty-one original studies were identified. There were twenty studies involving IL-6 and eleven involving TNF-α. Overall, The levels of IL-6[MD=23.93, 95%CI (19.65, 28.21)] and TNF-α[MD=2.9, 95%CI (2.37, 3.44)] were increased in PMOP patients compared with postmenopausal women without osteoporosis; The levels of IL-6[MD=42.4, 95%CI (38.62, 46.19)] and TNF-α[MD=0.40, 95%CI (0.36, 0.44)] were significantly higher than those of premenopausal healthy women. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in PMOP patients compared with controls, suggesting that persistent chronic inflammatory reaction exists in PMOP patients, which may be an important cause of aggravated osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Therefore, the level of IL-6 and TNF-α indexes may be of great significance for the early prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of PMOP.

The Buried Guide Suture Method: A Novel Technique to Correct Traumatic Facial Dimples.

SUMMARY: Facial dimpling, frequently occurring after blunt trauma, presents as soft-tissue depression, which is particularly apparent during facial expression. The displacement of subcutaneous tissue can be detected and measured by high-frequency ultrasound. Limited surgical methods have been applied in these closed-injury cases. Repositioning the subcutaneous tissue without incisions on unscarred skin is challenging. The authors propose a novel three-dimensional technique to suture and fix the subcutaneous tissue at a distance through a concealed incision. The buried guide suture method was used in the treatment of 22 patients with traumatic facial dimples on the cheek. All patients showed great improvement in their depressed deformity with minor complications. This technique provides an option to correct soft-tissue depression without leaving a visible scar, especially for mimetic rupture caused by blunt trauma.

Rh(III)-catalyzed selective mono- and dual-functionalization/cyclization of 1-aryl-5-aminopyrazoles with iodonium ylides.

An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed selective mono- and dual-C-H bond functionalization/cyclization with iodonium ylide as a single coupling partner was demonstrated, in which fused benzodiazepine skeletons were obtained in excellent yields. This method greatly improved an effective approach to dual C-H unsymmetrical functionalization.

FKBP3 aggravates the malignant phenotype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by PARK7-mediated activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is difficult to treat due to the high recurrence rate and therapy intolerance, so finding potential therapeutic targets for DLBCL is critical. FK506-binding protein 3 (FKBP3) contributes to the progression of various cancers and is highly expressed in DLBCL, but the role of FKBP3 in DLBCL and its mechanism are not clear. Our study demonstrated that FKBP3 aggravated the proliferation and stemness of DLBCL cells, and tumour growth in a xenograft mouse model. The interaction between FKBP3 and parkinsonism associated deglycase (PARK7) in DB cells was found using co-immunoprecipitation assay. Knockdown of FKBP3 enhanced the degradation of PARK7 through increasing its ubiquitination modification. Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors and inhibits DLBCL, but the underlying mechanism has not been reported. We found that FOXO3 bound the promoter of FKBP3 and then suppressed its transcription, eventually weakening DLBCL. Mechanically, FKBP3 activated Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway mediated by PARK7. Together, FKBP3 increased PARK7 and then facilitated the malignant phenotype of DLBCL through activating Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. These results indicated that FKBP3 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DLBCL.

A Pyr-loaded polymer microparticle for effectively controlling Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the nest.

Human interference and incorrect use of pesticides are easy to induce red imported fire ant (RIFA) escape and migrate from a nest, resulting in ineffective control of RIFA. In order to avoid RIFA alert, we designed an amphiphilic PSI-mPEG-Boc-DAH loaded Pyr to make the microparticles with effective controlled release. The investigation showed that the quantity of Pyr released by Pyr@PSI-mPEG-Boc-DAH under acidic environment was only 36.40 ± 1.90% at 48 h, whereas the release rate of original Pyr was 75.23 ± 5.71%. And the RIFA mortality rate of 1 ppm Pyr in Pyr@PSI-mPEG-Boc-DAH microparticles at 48 h was only 7.78%, which was significantly lower than that of the Pyr (47.78%). Futhermore, the death rate increased sharply after 48 h, and reached 95.84% within a week after using Pyr@PSI-mPEG-Boc-DAH microparticles. Moreover, PSI-mPEG-Boc-DAH carriers could be absorbed and even transported to crop of the RIFA for subsequent trophallaxis by using fluorescence tracking. In the field experiment, the reduction rate of Pyr@PSI-mPEG-Boc-DAH treatment was achieved 99.89% after 7 d. Pyr@PSI-mPEG-Boc-DAH didn't cause RIFA to be alarmed within 48 h and could kill nearly all of ants in the nest after 7 d, which showed a very good control effect in the field experiment. This work provided a new idea and guidance for the effective control RIFA and the development of sustainable agriculture.

Nano-Regulator Inhibits Tumor Immune Escape via the "Two-Way Regulation" Epigenetic Therapy Strategy.

Tumor immune escape caused by low levels of tumor immunogenicity and immune checkpoint-dependent suppression limits the immunotherapeutic effect. Herein, a "two-way regulation" epigenetic therapeutic strategy is proposed using a novel nano-regulator that inhibits tumor immune escape by upregulating expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to improve immunogenicity and downregulating programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression to block programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1. To engineer the nano-regulator, the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor zebularine (Zeb) and the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1 are co-loaded into the cationic liposomes with condensing the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) via electrostatic interactions to obtain G-J/ZL. Then, asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) modified material carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMCS) is coated on the surface of G-J/ZL to construct CG-J/ZL. CG-J/ZL is shown to target tumor tissue and disassemble under the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Zeb upregulated TAAs expression to improve the immunogenicity; JQ1 inhibited PD-L1 expression to block immune checkpoint; CpG promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation and reactivated the ability of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) to kill tumor cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the nano-regulator CG-J/ZL can upregulate TAAs expression to enhance T-cell infiltration and downregulate PD-L1 expression to improve the recognition of tumor cells by T-cells, representing a promising strategy to improve antitumor immune response.

The effects of thioredoxin peroxidase from Cysticercus cellulosae excretory-secretory antigens on TGF-ß signaling pathway and Th17 cells differentiation in Jurkat cells by transcriptomics.

Thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx) protein from the excretory-secretory antigens (ESAs) of Cysticercus cellulosae (C. cellulosae) has been shown to regulate the differentiation of host Treg and Th17 cells, resulting in an immunosuppressive response dominated by Treg cells. However, the molecular mechanism by which TPx protein from the ESAs of C. cellulosae regulates the imbalance of host Treg/Th17 cell differentiation has not been reported. TPx protein from porcine C. cellulosae ESAs was used to stimulate Jurkat cells activated with PMA and ionomycin at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the signaling pathways associated with Jurkat cells differentiation regulated by TPx protein from C. cellulosae ESAs. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that TPx protein from porcine C. cellulosae ESAs could induce upregulation of the TGF-ß signaling pathway and downregulation of Th17 cell differentiation in Jurkat cells. TPx protein from porcine C. cellulosae ESAs can activate the TGF-ß signaling pathway in Jurkat cells, thereby regulating the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells and leading to an immunosuppressive response dominated by Treg cells, enabling evasion of the host immune attack. This study provides a foundation for further validation of these pathways and further elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying immune evasion caused by porcine C. cellulosae.