Knowledge domain and emerging trends in HIV-MTB co-infection from 2017 to 2022: A scientometric analysis based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace.

Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is one of the leading causes of death. Also, research on HIV and MTB (HIV-MTB) co-infection was found to have a downward trend. In this work, we performed the knowledge domain analysis and visualized the current research progress and emerging trends in HIV-MTB co-infection between 2017 and 2022 by using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The relevant literatures in this article were collected in the Web of Science (WoS) database. VOSviewer and CiteSpace bibliometric software were applied to perform the analysis and visualization of scientific productivity and frontier. Among all the countries, USA was dominant in the field, followed by South Africa, and England. Among all the institutions, the University of Cape Town (South Africa) had more extensive collaborations with other research institutions. The Int J Tuberc Lung Dis was regarded as the foremost productive journal. Survival and mortality analysis, pathogenesis, epidemiological studies, diagnostic methods, prognosis improvement of quality of life, clinical studies and multiple infections (especially co-infection with COVID-19) resulted in the knowledge bases for HIV-MTB co-infection. The clinical research on HIV-MTB co-infection has gradually shifted from randomized controlled trials to open-label trials, while the cognition of HIV-TB has gradually shifted from cytokines to genetic polymorphisms. This scientometric study used quantitative and qualitative methods to conduct a comprehensive review of research on HIV-MTB co-infection published over the past 5 years, providing some useful references to further the study of HIV-MTB co-infection.

Listing of the neutralizing antibodies amubarvimab and romlusevimab in China: Hopes and impediments.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to ravage the world, and the virus' constant evolution has made it increasingly difficult to contain. The combination of the neutralizing antibodies amubarvimab and romlusevimab has recently been introduced as a treatment for COVID-19 in China. Based on its potential to effectively combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its Omicron variant at a modest cost and under medical insurance, this controversial biotherapy is anticipated to be widely available in China. Hopefully, whether and how the proposed medication will alter the treatment of COVID-19 in China will be apparent soon, as well as if it will help to reduce hospitalizations, reduce the incidence of severe illness, or even act as pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Antiviral Efficacy and Safety of Molnupiravir Against Omicron Variant Infection: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: The rapid worldwide spread of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has unleashed a new wave of COVID-19 outbreaks. The efficacy of molnupiravir, an approved drug, is still unknown in patients infected with the Omicron variant. Objective: Evaluated the antiviral efficacy and safety of molnupiravir in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, with symptom duration within 5 days. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial involving patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. Patients were randomized to orally receive molnupiravir (800 mg) plus basic treatment or only basic treatment for 5 days (BID). The antiviral efficacy of the drug was evaluated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: Results showed that the time of viral RNA clearance (primary endpoint) was significantly decreased in the molnupiravir group (median, 9 days) compared to the control group (median, 10 days) (Log-Rank p = 0.0092). Of patients receiving molnupiravir, 18.42% achieved viral RNA clearance on day 5 of treatment, compared to the control group (0%) (p = 0.0092). On day 7, 40.79%, and 6.45% of patients in the molnupiravir and control groups, respectively, achieved viral RNA clearance (p = 0.0004). In addition, molnupiravir has a good safety profile, and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Molnupiravir significantly accelerated the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron RNA clearance in patients with COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration: [chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2200056817].

Linezolid-Associated Neuropathy in Patients with MDR/XDR Tuberculosis in Shenzhen, China.

Objective: Linezolid is one of the key drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB). We aimed to describe the incorporation of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and serum trough concentration as screening tools for neurotoxicity in the management of MDR/XDR-TB patients receiving a linezolid-based treatment regimen in Shenzhen, China. Methods: A total of 73 patients on a linezolid-containing anti-MDR/XDR-TB regimen were prospectively enrolled. The MNSI was used for peripheral neuropathy screening. Optic neuropathy was diagnosed by ophthalmologists. Serum trough concentration was recorded and its relationship with neuropathy analyzed. Results: Of all patients, neuropathy was observed in 40% (29) during anti-TB treatment. Of these, 20 (69%) had peripheral neuritis, seven (24%) optic neuritis, and two (7%) both. Serum trough concentration >2 mg/L was observed in 17 (59%) patients with neuropathy and 13 (30%) patients without neuropathy. There was a significant statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.013). Time to onset of neuropathy from initiation of the linezolid-containing regimen was within 2 months for eight (28%) patients, 2-6 months for 18 (62%) patients, and >6 months for three (10%) patients. Sixteen (55%) patients were adjusted to a lower dose of 300 mg linezolid daily. Four (14%) patients had linezolid permanently removed from their regimen. Conclusion: Neuropathy is a commonly reported adverse event associated with long-term use of linezolid. MNSI and serum trough-concentration monitoring can be adopted as simple screening tools for early detection of neuropathy to balance linezolid efficacy and tolerability.