m6A/HOXA10-AS/ITGA6 axis aggravates oxidative resistance and malignant progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through regulating Notch and Keap1/Nrf2 pathways.

As the second most prevalent malignant tumor of head and neck, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) imposes a substantial health burden on patients worldwide. Within recent years, resistance to oxidative stress and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) of RNA have been proved to be significantly involved in tumorigenesis. In current study, we investigated the oncogenic role of m6A modified long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), specifically HOXA10-AS, and its downstream signaling pathway in the regulation of oxidative resistance in LSCC. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that heightened expression of HOXA10-AS was associated with the poor prognosis in LSCC patients, and N (6)-Methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) was identified as a factor in promoting m6A modification of HOXA10-AS and further intensify its RNA stability. Mechanistically, HOXA10-AS was found to play as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sequestering miR-29 b-3p and preventing its downregulation of Integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6), ultimately enhancing the oxidative resistance of tumor cells and promoting the malignant progression of LSCC. Furthermore, our research elucidated the mechanism by which ITGA6 accelerates Keap1 proteasomal degradation via enhancing TRIM25 expression, leading to increased Nrf2 stability and exacerbating its aberrant activation. Additionally, we demonstrated that ITGA6 enhances γ-secretase-mediated Notch signaling activation, ultimately promoting RBPJ-induced TRIM25 transcription. The current study provides the evidence supporting the effect of m6A modified HOXA10-AS and its downstream miR-29 b-3p/ITGA6 axis on regulating oxidative resistance and malignant progression in LSCC through the Notch and Keap1/Nrf2 pathways, and proposed that targeting this axis holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for treating LSCC.

Ferroptosis-associated lncRNA prognostic signature predicts prognosis and immune response in laryngeal squamous carcinoma.

In order to construct a prognostic model of ferroptosis-related lncRNA associated with laryngeal carcinoma and to investigate its prognostic value, RNA sequencing, genomic mutation, and clinical data of laryngeal squamous carcinoma patients were collected from the TCGA database. Patients were randomly divided into train and test groups. Cox regression analysis and lasso regression analysis were performed on the data of patients in the training group, and their independent prognostic effect was validated in the test group and the whole cohort. Data from 123 laryngeal squamous carcinoma patients in the TCGA database were collected. According to previous literature, 484 ferroptosis-related genes were collected, and 912 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were obtained by co-expression. Cox models suggested six lncRNAs involved in ferroptosis (AC083862.2, CYTOR, AC114296.1, LINC02768, GATA2-AS1, CTB-178M22.2). Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on median risk scores. Kapkan-Meier survival curve results showed a statistical difference in survival between the high- and low-risk groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves and principal component analysis demonstrated the high accuracy of the model. Univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses and column plots demonstrated risk scores as independent prognostic factors. The distribution of prognostic marker risk scores was correlated with clinical staging. Immune infiltration studies suggested the model was associated with immune checkpoints and multiple immune functions. GATA2-AS1 was able to promote cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell invasion. This study identified six lncRNAs associated with ferroptosis in laryngeal squamous carcinoma as prognostic predictors, which may be promising biomarkers involved in the treatment of laryngeal squamous carcinoma.

Quantitative Characterization of Elemental Segregation in Inconel 718 Superalloy by Micro-Beam X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Its Correlation Study.

Inconel 718 (IN718) nickel-based superalloy is widely used in aerospace and nuclear applications owing to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, and hot corrosion resistance. However, the elemental segregation caused by heterogeneous solidification during casting has great influence on the mechanical properties. Therefore, accurately characterizing the segregation behavior is necessary. Traditional quantitative characterization of elemental segregation uses various sampling methods, in which only macroscopic segregation results are obtained. In this study, micro-beam X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) is used for the quantitative characterization of element micro-segregation in IN718 superalloy. The concentration distributions of Cr, Fe, Mo, Nb, and Ti in IN718 alloy are determined with optimized testing parameters, and the degree of elemental segregation in different regions of the analytical area is calculated. It is found that the segregation degree of Nb and Ti in the testing area is larger than other alloying elements. The correlation between the microstructure distribution and the segregation degree of Nb and Ti has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). There is severe segregation of Nb and Ti in areas where Nb-containing precipitates are accumulated. The distribution of abnormal signals of Nb with a high fluorescence intensity has a close relationship with the area of precipitates-enriched Nb.

Summary of the 2022 Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China.

ABSTRACT: Recent decades have seen the remarkable development of China in medical accessibility and quality index, and the application of a number of new advanced cardiovascular technologies benefits more patients. However, according to the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China published in this article, which was organized and summarized by National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, there is still a huge population living with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the morbidity and mortality of CVD are increasing. It is estimated that there are around 330 million patients suffering from CVD currently, including 245 million of hypertension, 13 million of stroke, 45.3 million of peripheral artery disease, 11.39 million of coronary heart disease (CHD), 8.9 million of heart failure, 5 million of pulmonary heart disease, 4.87 million of atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million of rheumatic heart disease, and 2 million of congenital heart disease. Tobacco use, diet and nutrition factors, physical activity, overweight and obesity, and psychological factors are what affect cardiovascular health, while hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, and air pollution are the risk factors for CVD. In this article, in addition to risk factors for CVD, we also report the epidemiological trends of CVD, including CHD, cerebrovascular disease, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, pulmonary vascular disease and venous thromboembolism, and aortic and peripheral artery diseases, as well as the basic research and medical device development in CVD. In a word, China has entered a new stage of transforming from high-speed development focusing on scale growth to high-quality development emphasizing on strategic and key technological development to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality of CVD.

Rapid increasing burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease caused by high body mass index in 1.25 million Chinese adults, 2005-2018.

BACKGROUND: Temporal trends and geographical variations in disease burden for diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) in China have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: We estimated deaths and years of life lost (YLLs) for DM and CVD attributable to high BMI by age, sex, year, and region from 2005 to 2018 based on pooled data of 1.25 million adults. FINDINGS: Approximately 497,430 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 470,520-525,720) deaths for DM and CVD were attributable to high BMI in China in 2018, with 453,750 deaths from CVD and 43,700 deaths from DM. Between 2005 and 2018, there was a 17.35% increase in age-standardized mortality rate for DM and CVD attributable to high BMI. The high BMI-related DM and CVD YLL rates increased from 127.46 (95% UI 108.70-148.62) per 100,000 people aged 20-24 years to 5,735.54 (95% UI 4,844.16-6,713.53) per 100,000 people aged ≥80 years, respectively. The highest age-standardized mortality rate for high BMI-related DM and CVD in northeast, northwest, and circum-Bohai Sea regions of China. CONCLUSION: The disease burden for DM and CVD attributable to high BMI increased substantially between 2005 and 2018. Urgent measures are required at both national and regional levels for resource mobilization to slow the growing burden. FUNDING: The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, China National Science & Technology Pillar Program, and National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.

Association Between Urinary Stress Incontinence and Levator Avulsion Detected by 3D Transperineal Ultrasound.

PURPOSE: To determine the association between levator avulsion and urinary stress incontinence (USI) by 3/4D transperineal ultrasound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 842 patients who were admitted to our hospital from 2016 to 2019 were recruited for our study. 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound was performed. After standard interview and clinical evaluation, general conditions and levator hiatus data were collected and measured to compare with each group. The odds ratio (OR) of USI symptoms or ultrasound features with levator avulsion were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 593 women were studied: 204 suffered from levator avulsion (96 cases of left-side avulsion, 80 cases of right-side avulsion and 28 cases of bilateral avulsion) and 389 women had no avulsion. The gravidity and episiotomy conditions of the avulsion groups were significantly different from the no-avulsion group. Significant differences were found in the transverse diameters and anteroposterior diameters between the levator avulsion group and the no-avulsion group, but there was no difference among the avulsion groups, regardless of whether the patient was at rest or performing the Valsalva maneuver. Interestingly, a significant difference was found in the presence of USI symptoms between the uni-avulsion group and the no-avulsion group. The odds ratio (OR) of USI symptoms in the uni-avulsion group is 2.786 (95 %CI, 1.663-4.669), but 0.939 (95 %CI, 0.276-3.199) for the bilateral avulsion and no-avulsion groups. CONCLUSION: Unilateral levator avulsion may be a risk factor for urinary stress incontinence.

Hysteroscopic management of a "hernia-like" uterine myoma within the uterine cavity.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a case of a uterus "hernia-like" myoma within the uterine cavity that was successfully treated with hysteroscopy. DESIGN: Step-by-step explanation of the case and surgical procedure using a video and slides. The Medical Ethics Committee of Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University approved the study and decided for this video to be exempt from formal approval, and informed consent was obtained from the patient. SETTING: Hospital. PATIENT(S): A 37-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, with a history of secondary infertility for 2 years and heavy menstrual bleeding for 7 months, which eventually resulted in anemia, was diagnosed with a type 1 (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics leiomyoma subclassification system) myoma approximately 4 cm in diameter using ultrasonography. Her hemoglobin level was 8.6 g/dL (11.5-15.0 g/dL), red blood cell count was 3.6 ×10-12/L (3.8-5.1 ×10-12/L), and hematocrit was 26.7% (35%-45%). INTERVENTION(S): Hysteroscopic myomectomy with bipolar resectoscope and transabdominal ultrasound guidance was used to resect the hernia-like myoma. Blunt dissection combined with oxytocin (20 U I.V.) and uterine dilation pressure reduction was used to induce the hernial content (myoma) protrusion into the uterine cavity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The hernia-like myoma was completely resected by hysteroscopy, and all symptoms disappeared. RESULT(S): The hernia-like myoma was successfully and completely resected by hysteroscopy. The operative time was 37 minutes. No surgical-related or anesthesia-related complications occurred. During the follow-up period, the patient had regular menstrual cycles without hypermenorrhea, and her anemia had improved. The 5-month follow-up ultrasound examination and hysteroscopy revealed that the uterine cavity had recovered well. The patient conceived 7 months after the procedure and delivered at term (39 weeks 1 day) via cesarean section. CONCLUSION(S): A hernia-like myoma covered with endometrium is a degenerative myoma that herniates into the myometrium and forms a hernia sac-like defect. Hysteroscopy is an effective and feasible method for treating hernia-like myoma.

GLTP Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immunotherapy Efficacy in Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The prognosis of CC patients remains poor. The objective of our study was to explore the potential of glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) in predicting the prognosis of CC and patients' response to immunotherapy. The expression of GLTP was determined using TCGA and GEO datasets. The prognostic value of GLTP in CC patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate analysis. The relationships between BTBD10 and immunological checkpoints, immune checkpoint genes, and ferroptosis-related genes were analyzed to explore the impact of GLTP on CC immunotherapy. According to the dysregulated expressions of BTBD10, the IC50 distribution of various targeted medicines was studied. In this study, we found that GLTP expression was distinctly upregulated in CC specimens. However, Kaplan-Meier assays showed that CC patients with low GLTP expressions tended to exhibit a shorter overall survival. Importantly, multivariate assays revealed that GLTP expression was an independent prognostic factor for CC patients. Moreover, we observed that GLTP expression was related to CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). Meanwhile, GLTP expressions were associated with those of immune checkpoints, ferroptosis-related genes, and m6A-related genes. The IC50 of Cisplatin, Docetaxel, and Paclitaxel was lower in the high-GLTP-expressing group. Taken together, GLTP was expected to be a prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker for CC.

Grafting with rootstocks promotes phenolic compound accumulation in grape berry skin during development based on integrative multi-omics analysis.

In viticulture, grafting has been practiced widely and influences grape development as well as berry and wine quality. However, there is limited understanding of the effects of rootstocks on grape phenolic compounds, which are located primarily in the berry skin and contribute to certain sensory attributes of wine. In this study, scion-rootstock interactions were investigated at the green-berry stage and the veraison stage when grapevines were hetero-grafted with three commonly used rootstock genotypes (5BB, 101-14MG, and SO4). Physiological investigations showed that hetero-grafts, especially CS/5BB, contained higher concentrations of total proanthocyanidins (PAs) and various PA components in berry skins compared with the auto-grafted grapevines. Further metabolomics analysis identified 105 differentially accumulated flavonoid compounds, the majority of which, including anthocyanins, PAs, and flavonols, were significantly increased in the berry skins of hetero-grafted grapevines compared with auto-grafted controls. In addition, transcriptomic analysis of the same samples identified several thousand differentially expressed genes between hetero-grafted and auto-grafted vines. The three rootstocks not only increased the transcript levels of stilbene, anthocyanin, PA, and flavonol synthesis genes but also affected the expression of numerous transcription factor genes. Taken together, our results suggest that hetero-grafting can promote phenolic compound accumulation in grape berry skin during development. These findings provide new insights for improving the application value of grafting by enhancing the accumulation of nutritious phenolic components in grape.

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions of COVID-19 patients in China: A multicenter study.

Introduction: With the spread of the epidemic worldwide, an increasing number of doctors abroad have observed the following atypical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): olfactory or taste disorders. Therefore, clarifying the incidence and clinical characteristics of olfactory and taste disorders in Chinese COVID-19 patients is of great significance and urgency. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, which included 229 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 confirmed patients, through face-to-face interviews and telephone follow-up. Following the completion of questionnaires, the patients participating in the study, were categorized according to the degree of olfactory and taste disorders experienced, and the proportion of each clinical type of patient with olfactory and taste disorders and the time when symptoms appeared were recorded. Results: Among the 229 patients, 31 (13.54%) had olfactory dysfunction, and 44 (19.21%) had gustatory dysfunction. For the patients with olfactory dysfunction, 6 (19.35%) developed severe disease and became critically ill. Olfactory dysfunction appeared before the other symptoms in 21.43% of cases. The proportion of females with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was higher than that of males (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was much lower than that reported abroad; the prognosis of patients with olfactory dysfunction is relatively favorable; olfactory and gustatory dysfunction can be used as a sign for early screening; females are more prone to olfactory and gustatory dysfunction.

Comprehensive Landscape of Prognostic Significance and Immune Characteristics of Myosins in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Myosin superfamily, a large and diverse family of molecular motors important for cell motility and migration, has been illustrated to play contradictory roles during the development of several kinds of tumors. However, the function and prognostic values of MYOs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still remain largely unknown. In the current manuscript, the expression levels and clinical data of MYOs in HNSCC were investigated by online databases, including Oncomine, GEPIA, GEO, TCGA, HPA, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and CancerSEA; we found that the expression levels of MYO1B, MYO5A, and MYO10 were significantly elevated in HNSCC tissues, which were also correlated with the unfavorable overall survival (OS) of the patients. Furthermore, MYO1B/MYO5A/MYO10 interacting genes were identified, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by STRING and GeneMANIA. The enrichment analysis revealed that MYO1B/MYO5A/MYO10 associated genes mainly participated in cell metastasis and EMT processes, which were also confirmed by cell functional experiments. At last, the ssGSEA method was conducted to investigate the extent of immune cell infiltration, and we found that both the expression of MYO1B/MYO5A/MYO10 were closely correlated with the infiltration of immune cells in HNSCC. These findings implied that MYO1B, MYO5A, and MYO10 as novel prognostic factors for HNSCC and provided new strategy for HNSCC treatment.

lncRNA LEF1-AS1 Acts as a Novel Biomarker and Promotes Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression and Metastasis by Targeting the miR-221-5p/GJA1 Axis.

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is highly malignant and extremely aggressive, making it one of the worst prognoses among all kinds of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); therefore, gaining insight into molecular mechanisms of HSCC is of profound significance. In the current manuscript, we revealed the elevated expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LEF1-AS1 in HNSCC which was associated with the poor prognosis by bioinformatic analysis. Moreover, we noticed that LEF1-AS1 dramatically accelerated the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in HSCC cell line FaDu. Most importantly, we illustrated that LEF1-AS1 played as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) via sponging miR-221-5p and thereby positively regulated gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1) expression, thus aggravated tumor progression and EMT. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated lncRNA LEF1-AS1 as a novel biomarker for HNSCC and suggested LEF1-AS1/miR-221-5p/GJA1 axis as promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for HSCC treatment.

A new treatment of an intravesical eroded mesh after TVM: 3 mm trocar-assisted cystoscopic approach.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: To present a novel technique to remove intravesical eroded mesh through a 3-mm trocar-assisted cystoscopy. METHODS: First, a 3-mm trocar was inserted into the bladder under ultrasound guidance after the bladder had been infused with 600 ml normal saline. Second, we inserted the forceps through the trocar into the bladder and pulled the mesh through the 3-mm trocar. Last, cystoscopic scissors were used to remove the eroded mesh completely. RESULTS: The patient was managed adequately in the inpatient department. The urethral catheter was left in situ for 3 days, and the patient was discharged within 5 days. CONCLUSION: Surgery under 3-mm trocar-assisted cystoscopy offers the advantage of lower risk of morbidity and complications compared to other surgical techniques. It is an effective and feasible procedure for treatment of synthetic mesh erosion into the bladder after TVM surgery.

Engineering CRISPR immune systems conferring GLRaV-3 resistance in grapevine.

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the causal agents of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD), which severely impacts grapevine production in most viticultural regions of the world. The development of virus-resistant plants is a desirable strategy for the efficient control of viral diseases. However, natural resistant resources have not been reported in the genus Vitis, and anti-GLRaV-3 research has been quite limited in grapevine. In this study, by expressing FnCas9 and LshCas13a, we established a highly effective transgenic construct screening system via an optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transient delivery system in grapevine plantlets. Our study indicated that CRISPR/FnCas9 and LshCas13a caused GLRaV-3 inhibition. Moreover, three vectors-pCR01-CP, pCR11-Hsp70h and pCR11-CP-exhibited the most robust inhibition efficiency compared to those targeting other sites and could be further engineered to generate GLRaV-3-resistant grapevine. In addition, the viral interference efficiency of FnCas9 was dependent on its RNA binding activity. The efficiency of virus inhibition was positively correlated with the level of Cas gene expression. Importantly, we demonstrated that LshCas13a had better interference efficiency against viruses than FnCas9. In summary, this study confirmed that these two RNA-targeting CRISPR mechanisms can confer immunity against viruses in grapevine, providing new avenues to control GLRaV-3 or other RNA viruses in fruit crops.

Incidence and prognosis of thyroid cancer in children: based on the SEER database.

OBJECTIVE: To update the recognition of the trends in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer (TC) and its prognosis. METHODS: A large-scale sample based on long time-line public database was recruited. Join-point regression model was used to analyze the incidence trend of childhood TC. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression model analyses were applied to explore the survival situation and prognostic factors. RESULTS: The incidence rate of childhood TC increased between 1975 and 2016 from 3.8/million (95% CI 2.6-5.5) to 11.5/million (95% CI 9.2-14.1), AAPC = 2.38% (95% CI 1.98-9.65) and could be divided into two stages of increasing trends. The incidence rate of Trend1 (1975-2005) increased slowly (APC = 1.08%, 95% CI 0.38-1.82) while Trend2 (2005-2016) increased dramatically (APC = 6.77%, 95% CI 4.30-9.28). Annual incidence rate of small size tumor (< 4 cm) and local stage childhood TC increased significantly. The overall cumulative survival rate for childhood TC was high up to 97-99%. Males, black race, MTC type, distant metastasis, tumor size ≥ 4 cm, non-primary cancer were the independent risk factors of childhood TC prognosis. CONCLUSION: A contribution of overdetection to rising pediatric TC rates might not be able to rule out. For clinical implications, screening TC in children with potential specific risk factors is feasible. Over-treatment to small size and local stage TC in children should be avoided.

Five genes involved in circular RNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA network correlates with metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

This study aimed to identify potential circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA biomarkers as well as their underlying regulatory mechanisms in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Three microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database as well as expression data and clinical phenotype from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were downloaded, followed by differential expression, functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and module analyses. The support vector machine (SVM)-recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm was used to screen the key circRNAs. Finally, the mRNA-miRNA-circRNA regulatory network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network were constructed. The prognostic value and clinical correlations of key mRNAs were investigated using TCGA dataset, and their expression was validated using the UALCAN database. A total of 1039 mRNAs, 18 miRNAs and 137 circRNAs were differentially expressed in patients with PTC. A total of 37 key circRNAs were obtained using the SVM-RFE algorithm, whereas 46 key mRNAs were obtained from significant modules in the PPI network. A total of 11 circRNA-miRNA pairs and 40 miRNA-mRNA pairs were predicted. Based on these interaction pairs, 46 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were integrated, of which 8 regulatory pairs in line with the ceRNA hypothesis were obtained, including two circRNAs (circ_0004053 and circ_0028198), three miRNAs (miR-199a-5p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-7-5p), and five mRNAs, namely APOA2, CCL20, LPAR5, MFGE8, and TIMP1. Survival analysis showed that LPAR5 expression was associated with patient survival. APOA2 expression showed significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic tumors, whereas CCL20, LPAR5, MFGE8 and TIMP1 showed significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. Overall, we identified several potential targets and regulatory mechanisms involved in PTC. APOA2, CCL20, LPAR5, MFGE8, and TIMP1 may be correlated with PTC metastasis.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people: A comparison between China and the United Kingdom.

PURPOSE: As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people's health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the high-quality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai. RESULTS: Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n=1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n=1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China. CONCLUSION: This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.

Proteomic analysis of early-stage incompatible and compatible interactions between grapevine and P. viticola.

Wild grapevines can show strong resistance to the downy mildew pathogen P. viticola, but the associated mechanisms are poorly described, especially at early stages of infection. Here, we performed comparative proteomic analyses of grapevine leaves from the resistant genotype V. davidii "LiuBa-8" (LB) and susceptible V. vinifera "Pinot Noir" (PN) 12 h after inoculation with P. viticola. By employing the iTRAQ technique, a total of 444 and 349 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in LB and PN, respectively. The majority of these DEPs were related to photosynthesis, respiration, cell wall modification, protein metabolism, stress, and redox homeostasis. Compared with PN, LB showed fewer downregulated proteins associated with photosynthesis and more upregulated proteins associated with metabolism. At least a subset of PR proteins (PR10.2 and PR10.3) was upregulated upon inoculation in both genotypes, whereas HSP (HSP70.2 and HSP90.6) and cell wall-related XTH and BXL1 proteins were specifically upregulated in LB and PN, respectively. In the incompatible interaction, ROS signaling was evident by the accumulation of H2O2, and multiple APX and GST proteins were upregulated. These DEPs may play crucial roles in the grapevine response to downy mildew. Our results provide new insights into molecular events associated with downy mildew resistance in grapevine, which may be exploited to develop novel protection strategies against this disease.

H19/miR-107/HMGB1 axis sensitizes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin by suppressing autophagy in vitro and in vivo.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most common malignant tumor, which occurs in the head and neck. Current treatments for LSCC are all largely weakened by increasing drug resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 on drug resistance in LSCC. In our study, we found that the level of H19 was sharply upregulated in LSCC tissues and drug-resistant cells compared with the control. Besides, the expression of high-mobility group B1 (HMGB1) was elevated, and microRNA107 (miR-107) was suppressed in drug-resistant cells compared with the control. Further study revealed that the interference of H19 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) effectively suppressed high autophagy level and obvious drug resistance in drug-resistant cells. Besides that, miR-107 was predicted as a target of H19 and inhibiting effects of H19 shRNA on autophagy and drug resistance were both reversed by miR-107 inhibitor. Moreover, HMGB1 was predicted as a target of miR-107 in LSCC cells and knockdown of HMGB1 was able to suppress autophagy and drug resistance in LSCC cells. In addition, our investigation demonstrated that H19 shRNA exerted an inhibiting effect on autophagy and drug resistance by downregulating HMGB1 by targeting miR-107. Finally, the in vivo experiment revealed that LV-H19 shRNA strongly suppressed drug resistance compared with the usage of cisplatin individually. Taken together, our research indicated an H19-miR-107-HMGB1 axis in regulating the autophagy-induced drug resistance in LSCC in vitro and in vivo, providing novel targets for molecular-targeted therapy and broadening the research for LSCC.

Prognostic significance of preoperative prognostic nutritional index in ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in ovarian cancer (OC) is uncertain, and this study is aimed to clarify the prognostic significance. METHODS: We used 4 common databases for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, and eligible studies were included in the analysis. The association of preoperative PNI with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2050 patients with OC receiving the surgical treatment were analyzed in this study. Patients with low PNI tended to have a shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.30-2.55, P < .01) and PFS (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.53-2.39, P < .01) compared with those with high PNI. Besides, low PNI was significantly associated with more advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P < .01), the occurrence of ascites (P < .01), larger residual tumor (P < .01), insensitive to chemotherapy (P < .01), and higher CA125 (P < .01) compared with high PNI in OC. CONCLUSION: Low preoperative PNI is associated with shorter OS, shorter PFS, and worse clinicopathological parameters in OC. Low preoperative PNI is an unfavorable prognostic indicator of patients with OC.