Enhanced carboxylation of furoic salt with CO2 by ZnCl2 coordination for efficient production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid.

C-H carboxylation of furoic acid (FA) with CO2 is an atom-efficient strategy to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) from lignocellulose. The existing carbonate-promoted CO2 carboxylation processes rely on the use of large amounts of expensive Cs2CO3 as a deprotonating reagent and molten salt. Substitution of Cs with other cheap and abundant alkali ions (such as K and Na) can reduce the use of Cs, but it faces the problem of a low yield of 2,5-FDCA. This study found that the addition of catalytic amounts of ZnCl2 as a Lewis acid can increase the yield of 2,5-FDCA in the CO2 carboxylation reaction of Na/K-FA in a molten salt reaction system. 1H NMR analysis and DFT calculations confirmed that ZnCl2 coordinates with the furan ring through electron transfer from the conjugated furan ring to Zn2+, thereby activating the H at the C5 position of Na/K-FA. This coordination lengthened the C5-H bond and lowered its heterolytic dissociation energy, making it more susceptible to being deprotonated by CO32- and subsequently carboxylated by CO2. The developed Lewis acid coordination strategy provides a new idea for the efficient construction of C-C bonds between CO2 and aromatics through carbonate-promoted C-H carboxylation.

Imagine before you leap: Episodic future thinking combined with transcranial direct current stimulation training for impulsive choice in repetitive negative thinking.

Background: Immediate reward preference in repetitive negative thinking (RNT) has a high clinical correlation with a variety of maladaptive behaviors, whereas episodic future thinking (EFT) may be conducive to dealing with non-adaptive thinking and decision-making. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EFT training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) stimulation over the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) in inhibiting impulsive choice of RNT individuals. Method: Study 1 explored the effects of EFT on immediate reward preference of participants with high and low RNT (N = 48). Study 2 conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the treatment effect of the EFT-neural training on impulsive choice of high RNT individuals (N = 103). Results: In study 1, individuals with high RNT were more likely to choose smaller and sooner (SS) rewards, however, there were no significant differences between the high-RNT group and the low-RNT group under the positive EFT condition. In study 2, a significant decrease was shown in the proportion of choosing SS rewards under the 8-week EFT-neural training, and the effect was maintained at 1 month follow-up. Conclusion: RNT is a vulnerability factor for short-sighted behaviors, and EFT-neural training could be suitable for reducing RNT and improving immediate reward preference.

Whole-Genome Sequencing for Identifying Candidate Genes Related to the Special Phenotypes of the Taihu Dianzi Pigeon.

The Taihu Dianzi pigeon is a breed native to China, and its special piebalding, crest, and polydactyly phenotypes are the result of artificial and natural selection. Here, we analyzed the genetic differences among three kinds of pigeons with different phenotypes at the genomic level. A selective sweep was conducted based on the fixation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (π) ratio, and the results revealed that MC1R was related to the formation of the distinctive piebalding of the Taihu Dianzi pigeon. Combined with the results of genome-wide association studies, we identified candidate genes associated with the crest (SMYD and STOX2) and polydactyly (SLC52A3 and ANGPT4). The candidate genes identified in this study and their variants may be useful for understanding the genetic mechanism underlying the special phenotypes of the Taihu Dianzi pigeon. This study provides new insights into the genetic factors that may influence the formation of the special piebalding, crest, and polydactyly characteristics in pigeons.

A repertoire of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of major fecundity BMPR1B gene among 75 sheep breeds worldwide.

The BMPR1B gene is a major determinant of sheep reproductive capacity. Previous studies revealed that Q249R (FecB) is a profound variant of BMPR1B that influences the ovulation rate and litter size in sheep. However, unlike Q249R locus, the full spectrum of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within BMPR1B has not been extensively studied. A systematic screen of SNPs in BMPR1B would facilitate the discovery of novel variants that are associated with litter size. This study aimed to investigate SNPs in the BMPR1B gene via whole genome sequence (WGS) data from 2409 individuals of 75 sheep breeds worldwide. Herein, a total of 9688 variants were screened, among which 15 were coding variants and 8 were novel changes. Specifically, we presented the most comprehensive frequency distribution map of the well-known FecB mutation to date. Besides, among the above-mentioned SNPs, one synonymous mutation (g.30050773C > T) was found to be likely under selection and is potentially associated with fecundity in Duolang sheep. Thus, our study greatly expands the variation repertoire of the ovine BMPR1B gene and provides a valuable resource for exploring causative mutations and genetic markers associated with litter size.

A co-regulatory network of SPIB, AQP8, and GUCA2B related to immune infiltration for early-stage colorectal cancer in silico and in vitro.

In early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC), AQP8, GUCA2B, and SPIB were important suppressor genes and frequently co-expressed. However, the underlying co-regulation effect remains unknown and need to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate the co-regulatory network of AQP8, GUCA2B, and SPIB in CRC using in vitro and in silico methods. Q-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the co-regulatory network of the target genes in the HCT-116 cell line and fresh tumor tissues. Bioinformatical methods were used to validate the findings using the Cancer Genome Atlas COlon ADenocarcinoma and REctum ADenocarcinoma datasets, as well as large scale integrated data sets from Gene Expression Omnibus. In clinical CRC tissues, SPIB, AQP8, and GUCA2B were barely expressed compared to normal mucosa. When compared to 22 well-known genetic biomarkers, they are independent predictors of CRC identification with near 100% accuracy. In the co-regulatory network, they were co-upregulated at the mRNA and protein expression levels. AQP8, GUCA2B and SPIB were linked to immune cell infiltration and GUCA2B and SPIB were negatively associated with tumor purity. The co-regulatory network in miRNA-mRNA analysis was mediated by cancer-related microRNAs miR-182-5p and miR-27a-3. The functional analysis of the co-regulatory network's protein-protein interaction networks reveals three clusters and three major functions: complex interactions of transcription factors in mediating cytokine biology in T cells (SPIB cluster), guanylin, and Intestinal infectious diseases (GUCA2B cluster), and water channel activity balance (AQP8 cluster). The co-regulatory network of SPIB, AQP8, and GUCA2B was confirmed. MiR-27a-3p and miR-182-5p were two possible mediators. The mechanisms of SPIB, AQP8, GUCA2B, miR-182-5p, and miR-27a-3p in CRC merit further investigation.

Is radical radiotherapy with/without surgery an effective treatment in the lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland？.

BACKGROUND: There is limited information of radical radiotherapy (RT) on lymphoepithelial carcinoma of salivary gland (LECSG) regarding to the rarity of the disease. We conducted this retrospective study that evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of radical RT with/without surgery in LECSG. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients that were pathologically diagnosed of LECSG and had definite or suspicious residual disease. The prescribed dose given to P-GTV and/or P-GTV-LN was 66 to 70.4 Gy. The clinical target volume (CTV) involved ipsilateral salivary gland and corresponding lymph node drainage area. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients were included. With a median follow-up of 60 months (range: 8 to 151 months), the 1-, 5-, and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 94.6%, 84.7% and 84.7%; locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS) rates were 98.2%, 87.4% and 87.4%; distance metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were 94.6%, 86.7% and 86.7%; and overall survival (OS) rates were 98.2%, 92.4% and 89.0%, respectively. A total of 7 patients without surgery were included. All patients were alive and only one patient experienced failure of distant metastasis four months after RT. The results of univariate analysis showed that compared with N stage, the number of positive lymph nodes (2 positive lymph nodes) was better prognostic predictor especially in PFS. There were no treatment-related deaths and most toxicities of RT were mild. CONCLUSIONS: Radical RT with/without surgery in LECSG for definite or suspicious residual disease is feasibility and efficacy. Most toxicities of RT were mild due to the target volume involved ipsilateral area.

Whole-genome resequencing reveals the genomic diversity and signatures of selection in Romanov sheep.

Romanov sheep are adapted to the extremely cold and harsh environment and display a distinctive grey color. Herein, we analyzed the population structure, genetic diversity, and selection signatures of Romanov sheep based on whole-genome sequencing data of 17 Romanov sheep, 114 individuals from other 10 European breeds. The results of PCA, ADMIXTURE, and NJ-tree showed that the Romanov sheep was closely related to other northern European breeds. A relative high level of genetic diversity, low inbreeding coefficient, and large effective population size was observed in Romanov sheep when compared with other European breeds. We then screened the genomic selection signatures of Romanov sheep using FST, XP-XLP, and XP-EHH methods. The most significant region under selection (CHR14:14.2 to 14.3 Mb) harbored a haplotype that contained MC1R gene. Furthermore, this haplotype was also found in other grey-body breeds including Gotland sheep, Grey Tronder Sheep, and German grey heath sheep, suggesting that it was associated with the unique coat color of these breeds. We also found one region (CHR10:40.8Mb- 41.0Mb) harboring PCDH9 gene which was potentially associated with cold environmental adaptation. In summary, this study identified candidate genes that were associated with the unique grey color and environmental adaptation in Romanov sheep, which provided a basis for understanding the genetic background and utilization of this breed.

Romanov sheep is one of the most famous sheep breeds in the word, characterized by adaptability to harsh environment, high fertility, and unique coat color. Understanding its genetic architecture and signatures is of great value for its conservation and utilization. In this study, we analyzed whole-genome sequences of Romanov sheep as compared with 11 other European breeds, to explore for the population structure, genetic diversity, and selection signatures. We discovered a series of candidate genes that likely play a role in the grey coat color and cold adaptation of the Romanov sheep. In particular, we identified MC1R as a strong candidate gene that determines the grey coat color.

RNF128 regulates neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase functions to prevent acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterised by severe pulmonary inflammation, alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, and pulmonary oedema. Therefore, establishing effective therapeutic targets for ALI prevention is crucial. The present study reports a novel function of RNF128 in regulating LPS-induced ALI. Severe lung damage and increased immune cell infiltration were detected in RNF128-deficient mice. In vitro experiments revealed that RNF128 inhibits neutrophil activation by binding to myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reducing its levels and activity. Moreover, RNF128 regulates alveolar macrophage activation and neutrophil infiltration by interacting with TLR4, targeting it for degradation, and inhibiting NF-κB activation, hence decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrate for the first time that RNF128 is a negative regulator of MPO and TLR4 in neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, respectively. However, AAV9-mediated RNF128 overexpression alleviated lung tissue damage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Thus, RNF128 is a promising therapeutic candidate for pharmacological interventions in ALI.

Is postoperative radiotherapy an essential treatment for nonmetastatic lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland?

BACKGROUND: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of salivary gland (LECSG) is a rare malignant tumor. Whether postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) can improve locoregional control and which patients can benefit from PORT are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PORT and provide individualized suggestions for postoperative therapy in patients with LECSG. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with nonmetastatic LECSG who underwent surgery with or without PORT. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was performed to categorize the patients and predict progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 223 patients were included, 34 (15.2%) received surgery alone, whereas the remaining 189 (84.8%) underwent PORT in the initial treatment. Although patients in the PORT group were with advanced T stage and N stage, the PORT group had an advantage over the non-PORT group on 1-year, 5-year and 10-year PFS and locoregional control (LRC). PORT was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and LRC. Furthermore, compared with T stage and N stage, the size of the primary tumor and the number of positive lymph nodes were better prognostic predictors. The RPA model was generated according to the endpoint of PFS and categorized patients into 3 prognostic groups: low-risk (maximum diameter of primary lesion (≤3 cm) and number of positive lymph nodes (≤2)), intermediate-risk (maximum diameter of primary lesion (>3 cm) and number of positive lymph nodes (≤2)), and high-risk (number of positive lymph nodes (>2)), with corresponding 5-year PFS rates of 90.0%, 75.0%, and 51.0%, respectively. Significant improvement in PFS was observed in the PORT group among intermediate-risk (P = 0.000) and high-risk patients (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: PORT was shown to be a positive prognostic factor for PFS and LRC of LECSG. PORT was an essential treatment especially for patients with >3 cm maximum diameter of primary lesion and/or >2 positive lymph nodes.

Pro-angiognetic and pro-osteogenic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-21-5p in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exos) enhanced new bone formation, coupled with positive effects on osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This study aims to define the role of microRNA (miR)-21-5p delivered by human umbilical MSC-derived Exos (hucMSC-Exos) in the osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). We first validated that miR-21-5p expression was downregulated in the cartilage tissues of ONFH patients. Besides, hucMSCs delivered miR-21-5p to hFOB1.19 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the secreted Exos. Loss- and gain-of-function approaches were performed to clarify the effects of Exo-miR-21-5p, SOX5, and EZH2 on HUVEC angiogenesis and hFOB1.19 cell osteogenesis. It was established that Exo-miR-21-5p augments HUVEC angiogenesis and hFOB1.19 cell osteogenesis in vitro, as reflected by elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, and increased the expression of osteogenesis-related markers OCN, Runx2 and Collagen I. Mechanistically, miR-21-5p targeted SOX5 and negatively regulated its expression, while SOX5 subsequently promoted the transcription of EZH2. Ectopically expressed SOX5 or EZH2 could counterweigh the effect of Exo-miR-21-5p. Further, hucMSC-Exos containing miR-21-5p repressed the expression of SOX5 and EZH2 and augmented angiogenesis and osteogenesis in vivo. Altogether, our study uncovered the role of miR-21-5p shuttled by hucMSC-Exos, in promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for ONFH.

Protection-Free Strategy for the Synthesis of Boro-Depsipeptides in Aqueous Media under Microwave-Assisted Conditions.

In this report, 19 boron-containing depsipeptides were synthesized via microwave-assisted Passerini three-component reaction (P-3CR) in an aqueous environment. The linker-free DAHMI fluorescent tagging approach was used on selected boron-containing compounds to study the relationship between their structures and their level of cellular uptake of HEK293 cells. The biological data retrieved from the DAHMI experiments indicated that while the structures of tested compounds may be highly similar, their bio-distribution profile could be vastly distinctive. The reported optimized one-pot synthetic strategy along the linker-free in vitro testing protocol could provide an efficient platform to accelerate the development of boron-containing drugs.

A New NVM Device Driver for IoT Time Series Database.

Numerous IoT devices in IoT systems collect data concurrently, which brings great challenges to IoT time series databases to store and manage these data. NVM device has high read-write speed compared with HDD and Flash-based SSD, and it is a possible way to solve the storage bottleneck. However, there are some limitations that should be solved such as the overhead of the I/O software stack for NVM devices and the lack of optimization for IoT time series databases in a Linux environment. By analyzing the characteristics of IoT time series databases and NVM devices, we optimized the device driver of NVM in Linux and provide a new structure of a NVM device driver for IoT time series databases. A multi-queue management strategy and a lightweight load balance mechanism based on frequency were designed to improve the concurrency and efficiency of NVM device drivers. The prototype of an IoT-oriented NVM device driver named TS-PMEM was implemented based on an open-source NVM device driver. Six prototypes were used for evaluation with YCSB-TS, a test tool for time series databases. Results showed that TS-PMEM can improve write throughput of the time series databases by 18.6%, query throughput by 10.6%, and reduce the write latency by 8.3% and query latency by 6.4%.

CRABP1-CaMKII-Agrn regulates the maintenance of neuromuscular junction in spinal motor neuron.

Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 (CRABP1) binds retinoic acid (RA) specifically in the cytoplasm with unclear functions. CRABP1 is highly and specifically expressed in spinal motor neurons (MNs). Clinical and pre-clinical data reveal a potential link between CRABP1 and MN diseases, including the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We established a sequenced MN-muscle co-differentiation system to engineer an in vitro functional 3D NMJ model for molecular studies and demonstrated that CRABP1 in MNs contributes to NMJ formation and maintenance. Consistently, Crabp1 knockout (CKO) mice exhibited an adult-onset ALS-like phenotype with progressively deteriorated NMJs, characterized with behavioral, EchoMRI, electrophysiological, histological, and immunohistochemical studies at 2-20-months old. Mechanistically, CRABP1 suppresses CaMKII activation to regulate neural Agrn expression and downstream muscle LRP4-MuSK signaling, thereby maintaining NMJ. A proof-of-concept was provided by specific re-expression of CRABP1 to rescue Agrn expression and the phenotype. This study identifies CRABP1-CaMKII-Agrn signaling as a physiological pre-synaptic regulator in the NMJ. This study also highlights a potential protective role of CRABP1 in the progression of NMJ deficits in MN diseases.

Long-term outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with T1-2 stage in intensity-modulated radiotherapy era.

Objectives: To evaluate long-term outcomes and late toxicities of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with T1-2N0-3M0 stage in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era. Materials and Methods: From June 2005 to October 2013, 276 patients confirmed T1-2N0-3M0 NPC treated with IMRT were reviewed, with 143 (51.8%) N0-1 disease and 133 (48.2%) N2-3 disease. Among them, 76.4% received chemotherapy. The prescribed doses given to the primary tumor and lymph nodes were 66Gy in 30 fractions. Results: After a median follow-up of 103 months, the 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) were 90.6% and 79.2%. The 5-year and 10-year local control (LC) rate, regional control (RC) rate and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) were 97.0% and 91.9%, 94.1% and 92.2%, 89.4% and 87.0%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year OS, RC rate and DMFS of N0-1 compared with those of N2-3 were 98.6% vs. 82.0% and 86.8% vs. 70.9% (P=0.000), 99.3% vs. 88.3% and 99.3% vs. 84.1% (P=0.000), 97.9% vs. 80.1% and 95.7% vs. 77.5% (P=0.000). The incidence of 3-4 late toxicities were low and mainly xerostomia and hearing deficit. The rates of radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy and temporal necrosis were 2.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Eighteen patients had the second primary tumor, of whom eight were lung cancer, six were head and neck cancer, four were others. Conclusions: Satisfactory locoregional control was achieved in T1-2N0-3M0 NPC treated with IMRT. Distant metastasis was the main failure cause and N2-3 was the main adverse prognostic factor. Second primary tumor occurred 6.5% and negatively impacted OS in NPC.

Phosphorus equivalency of phytase with various evaluation indicators of duck in starter.

This study was conducted to evaluate phosphorus (P) equivalency of phytase with various evaluation indicators of ducks in starter (0-14 days). Three hundred and twenty 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to eight groups. The dietary treatments were four levels of available phosphorus (aP) with 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.39%, and 0.46% (treatments I-IV) and four levels of phytase added to low-aP basal diet (treatment I) with 300, 600, 900, and 1200 units (U) per kg (treatments V-VIII). The results were that compared to treatment I, increasing aP and supplementary phytase significantly (p < 0.05) improved body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), live BW, carcass weight, semieviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, leg muscle weight, and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR). Treatments V and VI did not significantly increase tibia ash, tibia calcium, and tibia P of 14-day-old ducks (p > 0.05). Following the increase of aP level (treatments I-IV), apparent utilization of Ca and P of ducks increased with varying degrees. With the increase of dietary phytase level (treatments V-VIII), the apparent utilization of Ca and P showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) but an increasing trend. Serum P reached the highest level when adding 600 U/kg phytase (treatment VI). Serum Ca and serum alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant difference among treatments V-VIII (p > 0.05). Based on corn-soybean-rapeseed meal diet, with the evaluation indexes of FI, BWG, tibia ash, tibia Ca, tibia P, and apparent utilization of Ca and P, the addition of 500 U/kg phytase could release aP of 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.08%, and 0.07%, respectively. On the same way, the addition of 1000 U/kg phytase could release aP of 0.07%, 0.09%, 0.06%, 0.02%, 0.07%, 0.09%, and 0.09%, respectively.

Is Immune Therapy Plus Chemotherapy More Effective Than Immune Therapy Alone for Unresectable Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma?

Objective: To evaluate whether the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) with chemotherapy is more effective than ICI alone in the treatment of recurrent, locoregionally advanced, unresectable nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RAU-NPC), which has progressed after second line chemotherapy. Methods and materials: Patients with RAU-NPC that progressed after second chemotherapy were prescribed ICI once every 3 weeks, either alone or combined with chemotherapy at the discretion of treating physicians, until confirmed disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or voluntary withdrawal. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints included safety, duration of response (DOR), and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: From June 2016 to July 2021, 28 patients were enrolled in this study.21 patients received ICI plus chemotherapy, and 7 patients received ICI alone. Altogether, there were 7 (25%) complete response (CR) and 12 (42.8%) partial response (PR), respectively. Stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were defined in 4 (14.3%) and 5 (17.8%) cases, respectively. The ORR was 19 out of 28 (67.8%). The disease control rate (DCR) was 23 out of 28 (82.1%).Two patients (28.6%) in the ICI alone group and five (23.8%) in the combination group achieved CR (P=0.801). 2 patient (28.6%) in the ICI alone group and 10 (47.6%) in the combination group achieved PR (P=0.378). With a median follow-up of 16 months (2-61 months), five patients terminated ICI due to disease progression, one patient was lost to follow-up, and the remaining 22 patients continued with ICI. Neither the median PFS nor the median DOR was reached. All observed adverse events were defined as ≤ Grade 2. Conclusion: ICI alone or combined with chemotherapy demonstrated promising antitumor activity in RAU-NPC patients that progressed after second line chemotherapy, with a low toxicity profile. Compared with ICI alone, chemotherapy plus ICI did not improve CR or PR in our study.

Phosphorus equivalency of phytase with various evaluation indicators of meat duck.

The objective of the present experiment was to determine the efficacy and the phosphorus (P) equivalency of phytase in the corn-soybean meal-rapeseed meal diets of Cherry Valley ducks from 1 to 35 d of age. 320 ducks were randomly divided into 8 blocks of 5 cages with 8 ducks per cage. This experiment included eight treatments diets. The available P levels of I to IV treatments were respectively 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.39%, 0.46% (d 1-14) and 0.20%, 0.27%, 0.34%, 0.41% (d 15-35). And 4 levels of phytase added to low-P basal diet (treatment I) with 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 U/kg (treatment V to VIII). Among them, treatment IV was a P-adequate positive control, treatment I was a low-P negative control. The ratio of calcium (Ca) to P was 1.3:1 for all diets. The other nutritional indexes in all diets were basically the same. Ducks were provided ad libitum access to water and experimental diets. The negative control diet reduced (P < 0.05) body weight, carcase weight, eviscerated weigh, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight, bone ash, tibia Ca and tibia P, and increasing levels of available P and supplementary phytase significantly (P < 0.05) improved the growth performance and slaughtering performance of meat ducks. Phytase supplementation at a dose of 900 U/kg in the low-P basal diet increased the growth performance of ducks to a level comparable to that of a P-adequate diet. The available P level of 0.39% (1-14 d) and 0.34% (15-35 d) could meet the nutritional needs of meat ducks for P, and the apparent P utilization rate was high, and the effective utilization effect of P was the best. In addition, with the evaluation indexes of feed intake, body weight gain, tibia ash, tibia Ca, tibia P, content of blood Ca and P, the addition of 500 U/kg phytase could release available P of 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.04%, and 0.03%, respectively. In the same way, the addition of 1,000 U/kg phytase could release available phosphorus of 0.14%, 0.04%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.12%, and 0.01%, respectively.

Long-term outcomes of induction chemotherapy followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with N3 disease.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate long-term outcomes of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with N3 disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2005 to August 2016, 143 patients confirmed NPC with the 8th AJCC/UICC staging criteria N3 were reviewed. All patients received IC followed by IMRT and AC. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 67 months, the 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), local progression-free survival (LPFS) and regional progression-free survival (RPFS) were 75.7% and 61.6%, 61.2% and 53.4%, 73.1% and 72.1%, 92.4% and 87%, 88.9% and 81.8%, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that T stage (P = 0.001) appeared to be prognostic factors for OS. T stage (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002) and neck lymph node necrosis (P = 0.015 and P = 0.045) were independent predictors of PFS and DMFS. The acute toxicities were mainly grade 1/2 hematologic toxicities in patients treated with IC+IMRT+AC, and severe toxicities were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: IC followed by IMRT and AC achieved satisfactory long-term survival outcomes in NPC patients with N3 disease. Neck lymph node necrosis and late T stage served as predictors of poor prognosis for patients.

Whole-Tumor Histogram and Texture Imaging Features on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined With Epstein-Barr Virus Status to Predict Disease Progression in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) could produce differences on MRI by examining the histogram and texture imaging features. We also sought to determine the predictive value of pretreatment MRI texture analyses incorporating with EBV status for disease progression (PD) in patients with primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods: Eighty-one patients with primary T2-T4 NPC and known EBV status who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI were included in this retrospective study. Whole-tumor-based histogram and texture features were extracted from pretreatment T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and contrast-enhanced (CE)-T1WI images. Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed to identify the differences in histogram and texture parameters between EBV DNA-positive and EBV DNA-negative NPC images. The effects of clinical variables as well as histogram and texture features were estimated by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to predict the EBV status and PD. Finally, an integrated model with the best performance was built. Results: Of the 81 patients included, 54 had EBV DNA-positive NPC, and 27 had EBV DNA-negative NPC. Patients who were tested EBV DNA-positive had higher overall stage (P = 0.016), more lymphatic metastases (p < 0.0001), and easier distant metastases (P = 0.026) than the patients who were tested EBV DNA-negative. Tumor volume, T1WI Skewness and T2WI Kurtosis showed significant differences between the two groups. The combination of the three features achieved an AUC of 0.783 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.678-0.888] with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.4 and 74.1%, respectively, in differentiating EBV DNA-positive tumors from EBV DNA-negative tumors. The combination of overall stage and tumor volume of T2WI Kurtosis and EBV status was the most effective model for predicting PD in patients with primary NPC. The overall accuracy was 84.6%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.8 and 66.2%, respectively (AUC, 0.800; 95% CI 0.700-0.900). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MRI-based radiological features and EBV status can be used as an aid tool for the evaluation of PD, in order to develop tailored treatment targeting specific characteristics of individual patients.

E3 ubiquitin ligase Grail promotes hepatic steatosis through Sirt1 inhibition.

In obese adults, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by multiple metabolic dysfunctions. Although upregulated hepatic fatty acid synthesis has been identified as a crucial mediator of NAFLD development, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we reported upregulated expression of gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (GRAIL) in the livers of humans and mice with hepatic steatosis. Grail ablation markedly alleviated the high-fat diet-induced hepatic fat accumulation and expression of genes related to the lipid metabolism, in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of GRAIL exacerbated lipid accumulation and enhanced the expression of lipid metabolic genes in mice and liver cells. Our results demonstrated that Grail regulated the lipid accumulation in hepatic steatosis via interaction with sirtuin 1. Thus, Grail poses as a significant molecular regulator in the development of NAFLD.