To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .

Mechanistic insights into small molecule activation induced by ligand cooperativity in PCcarbeneP nickel pincer complexes: a quantum chemistry study.

Mechanisms for the activation of water, ammonia, and other small molecules by the PCcarbeneP nickel pincer complex were studied computationally with the aid of density functional theory. The calculation results indicate that the strongly donating, nucleophilic carbene center can engage in a variety of heterolytic splitting of E-H (E=H, C, N, O) bonds, some of which are reversible. The cleavage of E-H bonds across the Ni=C bond represents a new mode of bond activation by ligand cooperativity in nickel pincer complex. On the basis of the calculations, we also demonstrate that reversible H2 activation across the Ir=C bond via the PCcarbeneP iridium pincer complex was observed in the experiments, while other E-H (E=C, N, O) bonds were not activated. Our calculations are in good agreement with experimental observations and could provide new insights into ligand cooperativity in nickel pincer complexes.

Proliferation and apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with oral lichen planus.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is generally accepted to be a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease with an unclear pathogenesis. There have been numerous studies on the proliferation and apoptosis of T cells in situ. In contrast, research on the proliferation and apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with OLP is rare. The aim of the present study was to investigate the proliferation and apoptosis of PBMCs in patients with OLP. PBMCs were isolated from 20 patients with reticular OLP, 20 patients with atrophic-erosive OLP, and 20 healthy volunteers. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2,5-tetrazolium bromide assays were performed to investigate the proliferation of PBMCs, and caspase-3 colorimetric assays were performed to investigate the apoptosis of PBMCs. The proliferation rate of PBMCs in atrophic-erosive OLP subjects was significantly higher than that in both healthy (P < 0.05) and reticular OLP (P < 0.05) subjects. In contrast, the proliferation rate of PBMCs in reticular OLP subjects was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rates of PBMCs in OLP subjects (P < 0.05) and atrophic-erosive OLP subjects (P < 0.05) were significantly lower than the apoptosis rate in the healthy group. Our findings reinforce the view that T cell-mediated immune responses play a critical role in the pathogenesis of OLP. It can reasonably be concluded that these abnormalities are linked to the presence of inflammatory infiltrates.

[Effect of Yupingfeng on the level of salivary epidermal growth factor in oral lichen planus].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of mouthwash Yupingfeng on the level of salivary epidermal growth factor (sEGF) in oral lichen planus (OLP). METHODS: The level of sEGF was measured by radioimmunoassay with ligand 125I-EGF. The saliva samples were taken from the normal control group and the OLP patients before and after treatment with Yupingfeng. RESULTS: The levels of sEGF in OLP patients before treatment with Yupingfeng were (4.09 +/- 3.64) microg/L, which was significantly higher than that in normal control [(2.15 +/- 1.62) microg/L, P = 0.013], and (2.57 +/- 1.19) microg/L after treatment,which was significantly lower than before treatment (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Yupingfeng can modulate the level of sEGF in OLP patients.