ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of (AT)n repeat polymorphism of the 3'untranslated region in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene on CTLA-4 mRNA stability and full length (flCTLA-4) and soluble CTLA4 (sCTLA-4) expression in ulcerative colitis (UC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>flCTLA-4 mRNA in colonic biopsies and sCTLA-4 mRNA stability in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of UC patients were measured by quantitative PCR and half-life, respectively. The protein expression of flCTLA-4 in colonic biopsies and sCTLA-4 in sera of UC patients were determined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The polymorphism of CTLA-4 (AT)n repeats in 300 UC and 700 age and sex matched healthy controls was genotyped by fluorescent PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the UC patients, sCTLA-4 mRNA expression levels were decreased in active disease compared to non-active disease (P= 0.004). Carriers of the longer alleles of the (AT)n repeats expressed lower levels of flCTLA-4 and sCTLA-4 mRNA and sCTLA-4 protein than those of the shorter alleles in UC (all P< 0.01), and mRNA with long (AT)n repeat alleles has shorter half-life than mRNA with short alleles and, hence, are unstable. The frequency of long allele carriers of CTLA-4 (AT)n repeats was significantly higher in UC patients than in the healthy controls (22.0% vs. 6.3%, P< 0.01, OR= 4.21, 95% CI: 2.79-6.33), and associated with extensive colitis (P= 0.008).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CTLA-4 gene expression levels were associated with (AT)n repeat polymorphisms in UC patients. The expression of CTLA-4 mRNA and protein were decreased in carriers of the longer alleles of the (AT)n repeats of CTLA-4 gene. This study suggests that CTLA-4 plays an important role in genetic risk and pathophysiology for UC in central China.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Antigens, CD , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , CTLA-4 Antigen , Case-Control Studies , Colitis, Ulcerative , Genetics , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Genotype , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Genetic , RNA Stability , Genetics , RNA, Messenger , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , SolubilityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of gene polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) with ulcerative colitis (UC) in Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seventeen patients with UC and 246 healthy controls were genotyped for the polymorphisms of C-658T in the promoter and C61T at the 3' untranslated region of the CTLA-4 gene using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), respectively. The genotype and allele frequencies of the two groups were calculated and compared by chi square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of TT+CT genotype at the CTLA-4 gene C-658T in the promoter was significantly higher in UC patients than that in healthy controls (P=0.015). The frequency of the T allele at this locus was also significantly higher in UC patients than that in the controls (P=0.033). The frequencies of TT genotype and T allele at the C-658T locus were highly associated with extensive colitis in UC patients (P=0.037, and P=0.0067, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The T allele of CTLA-4 promoter C-658T locus was highly associated with UC in Chinese Han of central China.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antigens, CD , Genetics , Asian People , Genetics , Base Sequence , CTLA-4 Antigen , Case-Control Studies , China , Colitis, Ulcerative , Genetics , Genetic Association Studies , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
The authors utilized a multi-scale edge extraction method to extract feature information of nearinfrared spectroscopy. Applying partial least-squares to charactcristic data obtained, the authors set up a linear mathematical model of the correlation between NIR spectrum and metronidazole contents. The result shows that the multi-scale extraction method can separate and extract feature information, and can be seen as an effective method of spectrum information extraction. The present study offers a new solution to the problems in nearinfrared spectroscopy technology.
Subject(s)
Models, Theoretical , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methodsABSTRACT
Correlation detection was applied to near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to extract the signal feature in the present paper. With metronidazole tablets as the object, the correlation both between each pure components and between pure metronidazole and different component-content mixtures were obtained. The results show that through correlation processing, the information feature of spectra could be separated and strengthened, and so better fitted to realize qualitative and quantitative spectrochemical analysis. Besides, the impact of noise could be lowered in this process. The conclusion is that correlation detection is an effective way to extract feature information and can be considered as a new solution to the problems of spectral superposition and low information rate in NIRS.
