ABSTRACT
The authenticity of honey currently poses challenges to food quality control, thus requiring continuous modernization and improvement of related analytical methodologies. This review provides a comprehensively overview of honey authenticity challenges and related analytical methods. Firstly, direct and indirect methods of honey adulteration were described in detail, commenting the existing challenges in current detection methods and market supervision approaches. As an important part, the integrated metabolomic workflow involving sample processing procedures, instrumental analysis techniques, and chemometric tools in honey authenticity studies were discussed, with a focus on their advantages, disadvantages, and scopes. Among them, various improved microscale extraction methods, combined with hyphenated instrumental analysis techniques and chemometric data processing tools, have broad application potential in honey authenticity research. The future of honey authenticity determination will involve the use of simplified and portable methods, which will enable on-site rapid detection and transfer detection technologies from the laboratory to the industry.
ABSTRACT
With many advantages including superior color saturation and efficiency, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are considered a promising candidate for the next-generation displays. Emission uniformity over the entire device area is a critical factor to the overall performance and reliability of QLEDs. In this work, we performed a thorough study on the origin of dark spots commonly observed in operating QLEDs and developed a strategy to eliminate these defects. Using advanced cross section fabrication and imaging techniques, we discovered the occurrence of voids in the organic hole transport layer and directly correlated them to the observed emission nonuniformity. Further investigations revealed that these voids are thermal damages induced during the subsequent thermal deposition of other functional layers and can act as leakage paths in the device. By inserting a thermo-tolerant 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HATCN) interlayer with an optimized thickness, the thermally induced dark spots can be completely suppressed, leading to a current efficiency increase by 18%. We further demonstrated that such a thermal passivation strategy can work universally for various types of organic layers with low thermal stability. Our findings here provide important guidance in enhancing the performances and reliability of QLEDs and also other sandwich-structured devices via the passivation of heat-sensitive layers.
