ABSTRACT
Phalaenopsis is the most popular potted plant worldwide. However, its typically long stalks often lead to increased shipping costs and risks. This study investigates the effectiveness of varying the concentration, timing, and frequency of paclobutrazol (PP333) applications on shortening the stalk of Phalaenopsis Join Grace 'TH288-4'. Concurrently, it also examines the potential for producing visually appealing and single-flower potted phalaenopsis products by means of truncation. Mature phalaenopsis plants were moved to a cool room in the seventh week to induce flowering. Four experimental groups were established based on different PP333 application schedules: the control (CK) group, with reverse osmosis water application in the second week; the T2 group, with a single application in the second week; the T2T3 group, with applications in both the second and third weeks; and the T7T8 group, with applications in the seventh and eighth weeks. The PP333 concentrations used were 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg·L-1, applied as foliar sprays. The results showed that the shortest stalks, measured from the base to the first flower, were observed in the T2 group treated with PP333 at 750 mg·L-1 and in the T2T3 group with PP333 at 500, 750, and 1000 mg·L-1. These treatments resulted in stalk lengths of 19.18-22.17 cm, which are 67.2-71.6% shorter than the controls. PP333 application had minimal effect on the stalk diameter, pedicel length, flower width, length, and length/width ratio. However, root diameter was thicker in plants treated with PP333 compared with the control plants. For producing single-flower phalaenopsis, a foliar spray of 750 mg·L-1 PP333 is recommended approximately a month before moving the plants to cooler conditions, followed by truncation, retaining only the first flower. As a result, this study establishes a PP333 treatment protocol for phalaenopsis, offering a strategy to effectively shorten the stalks.
ABSTRACT
Although ring-opening reactions of bicyclobutanes bearing electron-withdrawing groups, typically with ß-selectivity, have evolved as a powerful platform for synthesis of cyclobutanes, their application in the synthesis of cyclobutenes remains underdeveloped. Here, a novel visible light induced α-selective radical ring-opening reaction of 1,3-disubstituted acyl bicyclobutanes with alkyl radical precursors for the synthesis of functionalized cyclobutenes is described. In particular, primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides are all suitable substrates for this photocatalytic transformation, providing ready access to cyclobutenes with a single all-carbon quaternary center, or with two contiguous centers under mild reaction conditions.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Physical Therapies (PTs) on improvement in psychosomatic symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients. DATA SOURCES: Seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc databases) were systematically searched from the database inception through May 18, 2021. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared acupuncture or exercise with a sham control or usual care for the treatment of aromatase inhibitors (AIs)-related psychosomatic symptoms and QOL. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were screened and extracted independently using predesigned forms. The quality of RCTs was assessed with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The effect size was calculated via random-effects modeling. The quality of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The score of pain was measured with BPI scale and Western Ontario and the McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC) scale. Emotional state was measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A), and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue). The QOL score was measured by self-reported measurements, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scale and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) scale. RESULTS: Eleven RCTs (with 830 patients) were included in the systematic review, and data from 10 RCTs (with 798 patients) were used in the meta-analysis. Results showed acupuncture significantly reduced worst pain scores (P < 0.00001, I 2 = 83.5%) [SMD = -0.81, 95% CI (-1.51, -0.11)], but the effect of exercise therapies was not significant in overall change in worst pain scores (P =0.006, I 2 = 72.3%) [SMD = -0.30, 95% CI (-0.76, 0.16)]. Both acupuncture and exercise resulted in little to no difference in overall change in HADS-A subscale (P = 0.026<0.05, I 2 = 79.8%) [WMD = -0.21, 95% CI (-3.44, 3.03)], PSQI subscale (P = 0.488, I 2 = 0%) [WMD = 0.98, 95% CI (-0.57, 2.53)], and FACIT-Fatigue subscale (P = 0.022<0.05, I 2 = 81.0%) [WMD = 1.6, 95% CI (-5.75, 8.94)]. Exercise (compared with usual care) was associated with improving overall change in health-related QOL (subscales of SF-36 tool) (P = 0, I 2 = 72.1%) [WMD = 7.97, 95% CI (5.68, 10.25)] and cancer-specific QOL (subscales of FACT-G tool) (P = 0.304, I 2 = 16%) [WMD = 1.16, 95% CI (0.34, 1.97)]. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that based on moderate-level evidence, acupuncture was associated with significant reductions in pain intensity, and exercise might improve QOL in breast cancer patients treated with AIs. However, in psychosomatic symptoms such as anxiety, sleep disturbance, and fatigue, acupuncture and exercise training did not result in significant improvements.
ABSTRACT
In the title compound, [Fe(C(5)H(5))(C(11)H(13)N(4))], the triazolyl and Cp ring form a dihedral angle of 76.6â (3)°. In the crystal structure, there are both intra- and inter-molecular C-Hâ¯π inter-actions, forming a one-dimensional chain structure along [010].