The MBS microbial rapid detection system for rapid detection of major pathogenic bacteria in feed: comparison with plate counting method.

The current methods for detecting pathogenic bacteria in feed require high technique and take a long time. The Micro Biological Survey (MBS) rapid detection system is a simple, economical and rapid microbial detection method. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Listeria monocytogenes (LM), coliform (COLI) and total viable count (TVC) in feed by the MBS rapid microbial detection system and plate counting method (PCM). The results showed that the limit of quantitation, recovery rate and coefficient of variation of the MBS microbial rapid detection system are better than the plate counting method. When detecting the pathogenic bacteria content in artificially contaminated feed, the MBS rapid microbial detection system was positively correlated with the PCM. When the MBS microbial rapid detection system and PCM were used to detect the collected real feed samples, there was no significant difference in the detection results of the two methods in most of the feed samples. In summary, the MBS microbial rapid detection system is the most convenient and rapid detection method and is suitable for promotion and application in production lines.

The effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the treatment of moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis and cartilage lesion.

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major cause leading to chronic bone and muscle pain. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been applied in treating KOA in recent years. METHODS: From April 2016 to April 2017, 82 patients were diagnosed with KOA that received ESWT were selected as the ESWT group. The treatment parameters were as follows, 2.0 bar, 0.25 mJ/mm, and 8 Hz/s for twice a week for 4 weeks continuously. In addition, 104 patients receiving oral administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from April 2015 to April 2016 were also selected as the NSAIDs group. At 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks upon the completion of treatment, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were adopted to evaluate the changes in pain and function of patients in both groups. For the ESWT group, the 50-m quick walk time and gait analysis were applied to observe the functional recovery at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks upon the completion of treatment; meanwhile, patients were followed up by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 weeks upon the completion of treatment, so as to observe the cartilage changes. RESULTS: Differences in VAS, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment were statistically significant compared with that before treatment (4.59 ±â€Š0.5, P < .05; 2.55 ±â€Š0.5, P < .05; 4.39 ±â€Š0.49, P < .05). Differences in 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment were statistically significant compared with that before treatment (90.41 ±â€Š6.64, P < .05; 59.94 ±â€Š3.19, P < .05; 90.49 ±â€Š6.87, P < .05). Gait analysis suggested differences in 50 m walk time, walking speed, swing phase, and stance phase 8 weeks after treatment were statistically significant compared with that before treatment (36.23 ±â€Š4.08, P < .05; 1.25 ±â€Š0.09, P < .05; 58.56 ±â€Š0.87, P < .05; 41.44 ±â€Š0.87, P < .05). Differences in the VAS and WOMAC at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment between ESWT group and NASIDs group were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The ESWT has potential in reducing pain and improving knee function, and the therapeutic effects may peak at 8 weeks after the completion of treatment. Further research is needed to arrive at a definitive conclusion.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Rebuilt Subchondral Bone In Vivo and Activated Wnt5a/Ca2+ Signaling In Vitro.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the optimal extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) intensity and to investigate its effect on subchondral bone rebuilt in vivo and Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling in vitro using an osteoarthritis (OA) rat model and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), respectively. METHODS: OA rats treated with (OA + ESW group) or without (OA group) ESW (n = 12/group) were compared with healthy controls (control group, n = 12). Gait patterns and subchondral trabecular bone changes were measured. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected protein expression and gene transcription, respectively. RESULTS: The gait disturbances of OA + ESW group were significantly improved compared with the OA group at 6th and 8th weeks. The micro-CT analysis indicated that the BMD, BSV/BV, BV/TV, Tr.S, and Tr.Th are significantly different between OA group and OA + ESW group. Expression of Wnt5a was increased rapidly after ESW treatment at 0.6 bar and peaked after 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: ESW were positive for bone remodeling in joint tibial condyle subchondral bone of OA rat. ESW prevented histological changes in OA and prevented gait disturbance associated with OA progression. Optimal intensity of ESW induced changes in BMMSCs via activation of the Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling pathway.

Fullerenol nanoparticles suppress RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting differentiation and maturation.

Bone health requires regulation of homeostatic equilibrium between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The over-activation of osteoclasts can disrupt bone metabolism, resulting in osteoporosis and other bone-loss diseases. Fullerenol, a polyhydroxy derivative of fullerene, exhibits excellent biocompatibility. Here we show that fullerenol nanoparticles exert two functions: inhibition of osteoclastic differentiation and blockage of pre-osteoclast fusion to restructure osteoclast maturation and function. Experimentally, the nanoparticles reduced pre-osteoclast migration and inhibited ruffled border formation to block their maturation. In addition, fullerenol dose-dependently restricted the differentiation of bone marrow macrophage cells (BMMs) to form osteoclasts following treatment with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANKL) to activate NF-κB and mitogen activating protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. It is possible that the very small size of fullerenol allows it to directly cross the cellular membrane to access the cytoplasm and regulate osteoclastogenesis from BMMs. Our results suggest that fullerenol could be used to treat bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.

Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Without Local Anesthesia in Patients With Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis without local anesthesia. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to September 2015 for randomized controlled trials comparing ESWT without local anesthesia versus placebo for treatment of plantar fasciitis in adults. The primary outcome was the 12-week post-intervention success rate of reducing the visual analog scale score by 60% from baseline at the first step in the morning, reducing the VAS score by 60% from baseline during daily activities, reducing the Roles and Maudsley score, reducing overall heel pain, and reducing pain after applying a force meter. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, ESWT significantly improved the success rate of reducing overall heel pain, reducing the VAS score by 60% at the first step in the morning and during daily activities, improving the Roles and Maudsley score to excellent or good, and reducing heel pain after application of a pressure meter. CONCLUSIONS: ESWT seems to be particularly effective in relieving pain associated with RPF. ESWT should be considered when traditional treatments have failed. TO CLAIM CME CREDITS: Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME CME OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to (1) understand the recovery rates for nonsurgical treatment of plantar fasciitis, (2) understand the role of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis, and (3) understand the indications to incorporate ESWT in the treatment plan of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. LEVEL: Advanced ACCREDITATION: The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Human autologous mesenchymal stem cells with extracorporeal shock wave therapy for nonunion of long bones.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the available treatments for long bone nonunion (LBN) are removing of focus of infection, bone marrow transplantation as well as Ilizarov methods etc. Due to a high percentage of failures, the treatments are complex and debated. To develop an effective method for the treatment of LBN, we explored the use of human autologous bone mesenchymal stems cells (hBMSCs) along with extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty three patients of LBN were subjected to ESWT treatment and were divided into hBMSCs transplantation group (Group A, 32 cases) and simple ESWT treatment group (Group B, 31 cases). RESULTS: The patients were evaluated for 12 months after treatment. In Group A, 14 patients were healed and 13 showed an improvement, with fracture healing rate 84.4%. In Group B, eight patients were healed and 13 showed an improvement, with fracture healing rate 67.7%. The healing rates of the two groups exhibited a significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference for the callus formation after 3 months treatment (P > 0.05). However, the callus formation in Group A was significantly higher than that in the Group B after treatment for 6, 9, and 12 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Autologous bone mesenchymal stems cell transplantation with ESWT can effectively promote the healing of long bone nonunions.

Effects of Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head.

To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, we collected bone marrow donated by patients and then cultivated and passaged MSCs in vitro using density gradient centrifugation combined with adherence screening methods. The P3 generation MSCs were divided into the ESW group and the control group. The cell counting kit for MSCs detected some proliferation differences. Cytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin red staining were used to determine alkaline phosphatase content. Simultaneously, real-time polymerase factor α1, osteocalcin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Together, the results of our study first indicate that moderate ESW intensity, which is instrumental in enhancing MSC proliferation, inducing conversion of MSCs into osteoblasts, and inhibiting differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes from MSCs, is one of the effective mechanisms for treating avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

Radial extracorporeal pressure pulse therapy for the primary long bicipital tenosynovitis a prospective randomized controlled study.

Long bicipital tenosynovitis is regarded as one of the common causes of shoulder pain and dysfunction. The traditional therapeutic approach includes a variety of conservative treatments, but these treatments are not substantiated, owing to the lack of proven clinical efficacy. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) uses a pneumatically generated and radially propagating low-energy pressure pulse and has been clinically shown to be a new alternative form of treating refractory soft tissue inflammation. While treating patients suffering from long bicipital tenosynovitis, a randomized, controlled trial was conducted to analyze the effects of radial shock wave therapy on pain and function. Seventy-nine adults with long bicipital tenosynovitis were randomized to receive either active (1500 pulses, 8 Hz, 3 bars) or sham treatment through four sessions that were held once a week. All of these adults were assessed before treatment and at time intervals of 1, 3 and 12 months since the completion of the treatment. The outcomes were measured through the visual analogue scale (VAS) and L'Insalata shoulder questionnaire. Mean VAS in the rESWT group showed significant and sustained reduction from 5.67 ± 1.32 at baseline to 2.58 ± 1.49 at one month, 1.83 ± 1.25 at three months and 1.43 ± 0.94 at 12 months from baseline, whereas the sham group's mean VAS was 6.04 ± 0.97 before treatment and stabilized at 5.57 ± 0.84 at 12 months. Similar trends were found for the function scores. Mean scores were increased after rESWT from 60.57 ± 6.91 at baseline to 79.85 ± 6.59 at 1 month and 83.44 ± 5.21 at 12 months from baseline. Both pain and function scores showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.001). The rESWT group consisted of "invalid conservative treatment subgroup" and "none conservative treatment subgroup." Both groups showed good recovery and prognosis. Therefore, we recommend rESWT in treating primary long bicipital tenosynovitis.