ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Based on the location and size of the fracture block, open reduction and internal fixation can be employed or assisted for shoulder arthroscopy in the treatment of glenoid fractures. However, the treatment of lower part of glenoid fractures through a novel axillary approach has not been reported so far. CASE SUMMARY: A 22-year-old right-handed man was transferred to our outpatient clinic because of right shoulder injury during a traffic accident. X-ray examination after admission suggested the fracture of the lower part of the right glenoid and an ipiselial proximal humeral fracture. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) further suggested that the size of the fracture block of the lower part of the right glenoid was 3.4 mm × 16.2 mm. The patient was diagnosed as the fracture of the lower part of the glenoid, also known as bony Bankart lesion without shoulder dislocation. After general anesthesia, the patient was surgically treated with the open reduction internal fixation through a novel axillary approach. 3D CT and shoulder joint function were reexamined at 12 mo of follow-up, showing acceptable recovery. CONCLUSION: This case report describes a novel axillary approach adopted in an open reduction with cannulated screw and wire anchor internal fixation. After a follow-up for more than 12 mo, 3D CT and shoulder joint function examinations display a good recovery.
ABSTRACT
As a vital flavor compound, acetoin is extensively used in dairy products and drinks industry. In this study, Bacillus subtilis was engineered to metabolize glucose and xylose as substrates for acetoin production. Initially, gene araE from B. subtilis, encoding the xylose transport protein AraE, was placed under the control of the constitutive promoter P43 for over-expression. Batch cultures showed that 10 g/L xylose was depleted completely in 32 h. Subsequently, genes xylA and xylB from Escherichia coli, encoding xylose isomerase and xylulokinase respectively, were introduced into B. subtilis, and the recombinant turned out to assimilate glucose and xylose without preference. In shake-flask fermentations, 5.5 g/L acetoin with a yield of 0.70 mol(mol sugar)(-1) was obtained by the optimum strain BSUL13 under microaerobic conditions, which offered a metabolic engineering strategy on engineering microbe as cell factory for the production of high-valued chemicals from renewable resource.
