Steering Photooxidation of Methane to Formic Acid over A Priori Screened Supported Catalysts.

Efficient methane photooxidation to formic acid (HCOOH) has emerged as a sustainable approach to simultaneously generate value-added chemicals and harness renewable energy. However, the persistent challenge lies in achieving a high yield and selectivity for HCOOH formation, primarily due to the complexities associated with modulating intermediate conversion and desorption after methane activation. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations as a comprehensive guiding tool and discover that by precisely controlling the O2 activation process on noble metal cocatalysts and the adsorption strength of carbon-containing intermediates on metal oxide supports, one can finely tune the selectivity of methane photooxidation products. Specifically, a bifunctional catalyst comprising Pd nanoparticles and monoclinic WO3 (Pd/WO3) would possess optimal O2 activation kinetics and an intermediate oxidation/desorption barrier, thereby promoting HCOOH formation. As evidenced by experiments, the Pd/WO3 catalyst achieves an exceptional HCOOH yield of 4.67 mmol gcat-1 h-1 with a high selectivity of 62% under full-spectrum light irradiation at room temperature using molecular O2. Notably, these results significantly outperform the state-of-the-art photocatalytic systems operated under identical condition.

Oxygen-Evolving Radiotherapy-Radiodynamic Therapy Synergized with NO Gas Therapy by Cerium-Based Rare-Earth Metal-Porphyrin Framework.

The efficacy of traditional radiotherapy (RT) has been severely limited by its significant side effects, as well as tumor hypoxia. Here, the nanoscale cerium (Ce)-based metaloxo clusters (Ce(IV)6)-porphyrin (meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin, TCPP) framework loaded with L-arginine (LA) (denoted as LA@Ce(IV)6-TCPP) is developed to serve as a multifarious radio enhancer to heighten X-ray absorption and energy transfer accompanied by O2/NO generation for hypoxia-improved RT-radiodynamic therapy (RDT) and gas therapy. Within tumor cells, LA@Ce(IV)6-TCPP will first react with endogenous H2O2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) to produce O2 and NO to respectively increase the oxygen supply and reduce oxygen consumption, thus alleviating tumor hypoxia. Then upon X-ray irradiation, LA@Ce(IV)6-TCPP can significantly enhance hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation from Ce(IV)6 metaloxo clusters for RT and synchronously facilitate singlet oxygen (1O2) generation from adjacently-coordinated TCPP for RDT. Moreover, both the •OH and 1O2 can further react with NO to generate more toxic peroxynitrite anions (ONOO-) to inhibit tumor growth for gas therapy. Benefitting from the alleviation of tumor hypoxia and intensified RT-RDT synergized with gas therapy, LA@Ce(IV)6-TCPP elicited superior anticancer outcomes. This work provides an effective RT strategy by using low doses of X-rays to intensify tumor suppression yet reduce systemic toxicity.

Elevated nitrogen loadings facilitate carbon dioxide emissions from urban inland waters.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) production and emissions from inland waters play considerable roles in global atmospheric CO2 sources, while there are still uncertainties regarding notable nutrient inputs and anthropogenic activities. Urban inland waters, with frequently anthropogenic modifications and severely nitrogen loadings, were hotspots for CO2 emissions. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 fluxes (FCO2) in typical urban inland waters in Tianjin, China. Our observation indicated that pCO2 values were oversaturated in highly polluted waters, particularly in sewage rivers and urban rivers, exhibiting approximately 9 times higher than the atmosphere equilibrium concentration during sampling campaigns. Obviously, the spatiotemporal distributions of pCO2 and FCO2 emphasized that the water environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities jointly adjusted primary productivity and biological respiration of inland waters. Meanwhile, statistically positive correlations between pCO2/FCO2 and NH4+-N/NO3--N (p < 0.05) suggested that nitrogen biogeochemical processes, especially the nitrification, played a dominant role in CO2 emissions attributing to the water acidification that stimulated CO2 production and emissions. Except for slight CO2 sinks in waters with low organic contents, the total CO2 emissions from the urban surface waters of Tianjin were remarkable (286.8 Gg yr-1). The results emphasized that the reductions of nitrogen loadings, sewage draining waters, and agricultural pollution could alleviate CO2 emissions from urban inland waters.

Corrigendum: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in Danon disease: a case series of a family.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1159576.].

Shaping the Future of the Neurotransmitter Sensor: Tailored CdS Nanostructures for State-of-the-Art Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical Devices.

Semiconductor-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) test protocols offer a viable solution for developing efficient individual health monitoring by converting light and chemical energy into electrical signals. However, slow reaction kinetics and electron-hole complexation at the interface limit their practical application. Here, we reported a triple-engineered CdS nanohierarchical structures (CdS NHs) modification scheme including morphology, defective states, and heterogeneous structure to achieve precise monitoring of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in plasma and noninvasive body fluids. By precisely manipulating the Cd-S precursor, we achieved precise control over ternary CdS NHs and obtained well-defined layered self-assembled CdS NHs through a surface carbon treatment. The integration of defect states and the thin carbon layer effectively established carrier directional transfer pathways, thereby enhancing interface reaction sites and improving the conversion efficiency. The CdS NHs microelectrode fabricated demonstrated a remarkable negative response toward DA, thereby enabling the development of a miniature self-powered PEC device for precise quantification in human saliva. Additionally, the utilization of density functional theory calculations elucidated the structural characteristics of DA and the defect state of CdS, thus establishing crucial theoretical groundwork for optimizing the polymerization process of DA. The present study offers a potential engineering approach for developing high energy conversion efficiency PEC semiconductors as well as proposing a novel concept for designing sensitive testing strategies.

Early detection and prognosis evaluation for hepatocellular carcinoma by circulating tumour DNA methylation: A multicentre cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can significantly improve patient survival. We aimed to develop a blood-based assay to aid in the diagnosis, detection and prognostic evaluation of HCC. METHODS: A three-phase multicentre study was conducted to screen, optimise and validate HCC-specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using next-generation sequencing and quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). RESULTS: Genome-wide methylation profiling was conducted to identify DMRs distinguishing HCC tumours from peritumoural tissues and healthy plasmas. The twenty most effective DMRs were verified and incorporated into a multilocus qMSP assay (HepaAiQ). The HepaAiQ model was trained to separate 293 HCC patients (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0/A, 224) from 266 controls including chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or liver cirrhosis (LC) (CHB/LC, 96), benign hepatic lesions (BHL, 23), and healthy controls (HC, 147). The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.944 with a sensitivity of 86.0% in HCC and a specificity of 92.1% in controls. Blind validation of the HepaAiQ model in a cohort of 523 participants resulted in an AUC of 0.940 with a sensitivity of 84.4% in 205 HCC cases (BCLC stage 0/A, 167) and a specificity of 90.3% in 318 controls (CHB/LC, 100; BHL, 102; HC, 116). When evaluated in an independent test set, the HepaAiQ model exhibited a sensitivity of 70.8% in 65 HCC patients at BCLC stage 0/A and a specificity of 89.5% in 124 patients with CHB/LC. Moreover, HepaAiQ model was assessed in paired pre- and postoperative plasma samples from 103 HCC patients and correlated with 2-year patient outcomes. Patients with high postoperative HepaAiQ score showed a higher recurrence risk (Hazard ratio, 3.33, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: HepaAiQ, a noninvasive qMSP assay, was developed to accurately measure HCC-specific DMRs and shows great potential for the diagnosis, detection and prognosis of HCC, benefiting at-risk populations.

Ficolin 3 promotes ferroptosis in HCC by downregulating IR/SREBP axis-mediated MUFA synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Targeting ferroptosis has been identified as a promising approach for the development of cancer therapies. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) is a type of lipid that plays a crucial role in inhibiting ferroptosis. Ficolin 3 (FCN3) is a component of the complement system, serving as a recognition molecule against pathogens in the lectin pathway. Recent studies have reported that FCN3 demonstrates inhibitory effects on the progression of certain tumors. However, whether FCN3 can modulate lipid metabolism and ferroptosis remains largely unknown. METHODS: Cell viability, BODIPY-C11 staining, and MDA assay were carried out to detect ferroptosis. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and xenograft models were utilized to investigate the effect of FCN3 on the development of HCC in vivo. A metabonomic analysis was conducted to assess alterations in intracellular and HCC intrahepatic lipid levels. RESULTS: Our study elucidates a substantial decrease in the expression of FCN3, a component of the complement system, leads to MUFA accumulation in human HCC specimens and thereby significantly promotes ferroptosis resistance. Overexpression of FCN3 efficiently sensitizes HCC cells to ferroptosis, resulting in the inhibition of the oncogenesis and progression of both primary HCC and subcutaneous HCC xenograft. Mechanistically, FCN3 directly binds to the insulin receptor ß (IR-ß) and its pro-form (pro-IR), inhibiting pro-IR cleavage and IR-ß phosphorylation, ultimately resulting in IR-ß inactivation. This inactivation of IR-ß suppresses the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), which subsequently suppresses the transcription of genes related to de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and lipid desaturation, and consequently downregulates intracellular MUFA levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism by which FCN3 enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells to ferroptosis, indicating that targeting FCN3-induced ferroptosis is a promising strategy for HCC treatment.

Contactless analysis of surface passivation and charge transfer at the TiO2-Si interface.

Transition metal oxides are pivotal in enhancing surface passivation and facilitating charge transfer (CT) in silicon based photonic devices, improving their efficacy and affordability through interfacial engineering. This study investigates TiO2/Si heterojunctions prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with different pre-ALD chemical and post-ALD thermal treatments, exploring their influence on the surface passivation and the correlation with the CT at the TiO2-Si interface. Surface passivation quality is evaluated by the photoconductance decay method to study the effective carrier lifetime, while CT from Si to TiO2 is examined by transient reflectance spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the as-deposited TiO2 on HF-treated n-Si (without interfacial SiOx) demonstrates superior surface passivation with an effective lifetime of 1.23 ms, twice that of TiO2/SiOx/n-Si, and a short characteristic CT time of 200 ps, tenfold faster than that of TiO2/SiOx/n-Si. Post-ALD annealing at temperatures approaching the TiO2 crystallization onset re-introduces the SiOx layers in HF-treated samples and induces chemical and structural changes in all the samples which decrease passivation and prolong the CT time and are hence detrimental to the photonic device performance.

Pt/Zn-TCPP Nanozyme-Based Flexible Immunoassay for Dual-Mode Pressure-Temperature Monitoring of Low-Abundance Proteins.

Pressure and temperature, as common physical parameters, are important for monitoring human health. In contrast, single-mode monitoring is prone to causing experimental errors. Herein, we innovatively designed a dual-mode flexible sensing platform based on a platinum/zinc-meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (Pt/Zn-TCPP) nanozyme for the quantitative monitoring of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in biological fluids with pressure and temperature readouts. The Pt/Zn-TCPP nanozyme with catalytic and photothermal efficiencies was synthesized by means of integrating photosensitizers into porous materials. The flexible sensing system after the antigen-antibody reaction recognized the pressure using a flexible skin-like pressure sensor with a digital multimeter readout, whereas the temperature was acquired via the photoheat conversion system of the Pt/Zn-TCPP nanozyme under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation using a portable NIR imaging camera on a smartphone. Meanwhile, the dual-mode flexible sensing system was carried out on a homemade three-dimensional (3D)-printed device. Results revealed that the developed dual-mode immunosensing platform could exhibit good pressure and temperature responses within the dynamic range of 0.5-100 ng mL-1 CEA with the detection limits of 0.24 and 0.13 ng mL-1, respectively. In addition, the pressure and temperature were sensed simultaneously without crosstalk interference. Importantly, the dual-mode flexible immunosensing system can effectively avoid false alarms during the measurement, thus providing great potential for simple and low-cost development for point-of-care testing.

Design and synthesis of sulfonamide phenothiazine derivatives as novel ferroptosis inhibitors and their therapeutic effects in spinal cord injury.

Ferroptosis is a novel style of cell death, and studies have shown that ferroptosis is strongly associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). A large number of ferroptosis inhibitors have been reported, but so far no ferroptosis inhibitor has been used clinically. Therefore there is an urgent need to discover a better inhibitor of ferroptosis. In this study, 24 novel sulfonamide phenothiazine ferroptosis inhibitors were designed and synthesized, followed by structure-activity relationship studies on these compounds. Among them, compound 23b exhibited the best activity in Erastin-induced PC12 cells (EC50 = 0.001 µM) and demonstrated a low hERG inhibition activity (IC50 > 30 µM). Additionally, compound 23b was identified as a ROS scavenger and showed promising therapeutic effects in an SD rat model of SCI. Importantly, 23b did not display significant toxicity in both in vivo and in vitro experiments and show good pharmacokinetic properties. These findings suggest that compound 23b, a novel ferroptosis inhibitor, holds potential as a therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury and warrants further investigation.

CRISPR/Cas12b assisted loop-mediated isothermal amplification for easy, rapid and sensitive quantification of chronic HBV DNA in one-pot.

BACKGROUND: Currently, millions of people suffer from undiagnosed chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection each year, which leads to high mortality rates attributed to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously reported assays, such as PCR-based assays, have limitations in terms of convenient for CHB screening in high-burden regions and resource-limited settings. Recently, diagnosis based on CRISPR/Cas, which has been considered as a potential method of point-of-care test (POCT) in resource-limited settings, offers a significant advantage in terms of high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection utilizing CRISPR/Cas system. RESULTS: We have proposed a one-pot of one-step method for CRISPR/Cas12b assisted loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to facilitate the quick, sensitive, and precise quantification of HBV DNA. This method is designed for point-of-care testing following genomic extraction or sample heat treatment. We have optimized several critical factors, such as the reaction buffer, AapCas12b-gRNA concentration, reporter and its concentration, reaction temperature, and chemical additives, to significantly enhance the performance of the one-pot assay for HBV. Importantly, it exhibited no cross-reactivity between HBV and blood-borne pathogens. Moreover, the assay is capable of quantifying HBV DNA within 1 h with a limit of detection (LOD) of 25 copies per milliliter. Additionally, when tested on 236 clinical samples, the assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 99.00 % (198/200) and a specificity of 100.00 % (36/36) at the 99 % confidence level compared to real-time quantitative PCR. SIGNIFICANCE: The utilization of convenient and reliable point-of-care diagnostic methods is crucial for reducing the burden of CHB globally. The assay we developed was helpful to improve the ability of HBV diagnosis for practical clinical translation, especially in high-burden regions and resource-limited settings. It has great advantages for rapid screening of CHB as well as evaluation of therapeutic efficacy as a companion diagnostic method.

Rational design of PspAlgL to improve its thermostability and anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm enhances tolerance to antimicrobials and immune system defenses. Alginate is an important component of biofilm and a virulence factor of P. aeruginosa. The degradation of alginate by alginate lyases has come to serve as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy against P. aeruginosa biofilm, but poor stability of the enzyme limited this application. Thus, PspAlgL, an alginate lyase, can degrade acetylated alginate but has poor thermostability. The 3D structure of PspAlgL was predicted, and the thermostability of PspAlgL was rationally designed by GRAPE strategy, resulting in two variants with better stability. These variants, PspAlgLS270F/E311P and PspAlgLG291S/E311P, effectively degraded the alginate in biofilm. In addition, compared with PspAlgL, these variants were more efficient in inhibiting biofilm formation and degrading the established biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1, and they were also able to destroy the biofilm attached to catheters and to increase the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to the antibiotic amikacin. This study provides one potential anti-biofilm agent for P. aeruginosa infection.

Quantitative Analogue Simulation of Planar Molecules.

Synthetic quantum systems provide a pathway for exploring the physics of complex quantum matter in a programmable fashion. This approach becomes particularly advantageous when it comes to systems that are thermodynamically unfavorable. By sculpting the potential landscape of Cu(111) surfaces with carbon monoxide quantum corrals in a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope, we created analogue simulators of planar organic molecules, including antiaromatic and non-Kekulé species that are generally reactive or unstable. Spectroscopic imaging of such synthetic molecules reveals close replications of molecular orbitals obtained from ab initio calculations of the organic molecules. We further illustrate the quantitative nature of such analogue simulators by faithful extraction of bond orders and global aromaticity indices, which are otherwise technically daunting using real molecules. Our approach therefore sets the stage for new research frontiers pertaining to the quantum physics and chemistry of designer nanostructures.

Exploring the impact of smartphone addiction on decision-making behavior in college students: an fNIRS study based on the Iowa Gambling Task.

The pervasive use of smartphones, while enhancing accessibility to information and communication, has raised concerns about its potential negative effects on physical and mental health, including the impairment of decision-making abilities. This study investigates the influence of smartphone addiction on decision-making in college students. A sample of 80 individuals aged 17 to 26 was selected and divided into two groups based on their Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) scores. Participants underwent the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to evaluate their decision-making in risky and uncertain conditions, while fNIRS recorded their prefrontal cortex activity. The study found that individuals prone to smartphone addiction tend to make riskier choices in risky situations. However, when faced with decisions based on ambiguity, the smartphone addiction group showed increased brain activity in the dlPFC (specifically in channels 4, 9, and 11) compared to when making risky decisions. Despite this increased brain activation, there was no observable difference in behavior between the addiction-prone and control groups in ambiguous scenarios. Notably, the left dlPFC (e.g., channel 4) exhibited significantly higher activation in the addiction group compared to the control group. Findings suggest that smartphone addiction can detrimentally influence decision-making, behaviorally and neurologically, particularly in uncertain contexts. This study supports the classification of smartphone addiction as a genuine addiction and underscores its significance in psychiatric research. In essence, our research underscores the adverse effects of excessive smartphone use on decision-making processes, reinforcing the necessity to treat smartphone addiction as a pressing public health issue.

Treatment Strategy for Splenic Artery Aneurysms and Novel Classification Based on Imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) has increased with advancements in imaging techniques, necessitating a comprehensive classification to guide treatment strategies. This study aims to propose a novel classification system for SAAs based on aneurysm characteristics and to review treatment outcomes at our center. METHODS: This retrospective study included 113 SAAs patients admitted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023, assessed using computed tomography angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). A new classification system was devised based on the aneurysms' location, morphology, integrity, and parent artery anatomy. Treatment strategies were determined based on these characteristics, with interventions ranging from endovascular therapy to laparoscopic and open surgery. Patients were followed up post-intervention to assess mortality, complications, reinterventions, and aneurysm-related outcomes. RESULTS: The study cohort of 113 patients with 127 SAAs had a predominance of female patients (63.7%) and a mean age of 52.7 years. The SAAs were classified into five types, with Type I being the most common. The intervention techniques varied across types, with sac embolization, covered stent implantation, and artery embolization being the most frequently employed. The overall technical success rate was 94.7%, with perioperative complication and reintervention rates of 25% and 0.9%, respectively, and no deaths within 30 days post-intervention. The median follow-up duration was 21 months, with overall complications rate of 3.5% and no aneurysm-related complications or deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed classification system effectively guides the selection of treatment strategies for SAAs, incorporating key anatomical and morphological features. This system facilitated high technical success and low complication rates, underscoring the importance of tailored techniques in managing SAAs. Further research is necessary to validate this classification system and optimize treatment algorithms.

Near-Infrared-II Imaging Revealed Hypothermia Regulates Neuroinflammation Following Brain Injury by Increasing the Glymphatic Influx.

Advanced in vivo imaging techniques have facilitated the comprehensive visual exploration of animal biological processes, leading to groundbreaking discoveries such as the glymphatic system. However, current limitations of macroscopic imaging techniques impede the precise investigation of physiological parameters regulating this specialized lymphatic transport system. While NIR-II fluorescence imaging has demonstrated advantages in peripheral lymphatic imaging, there are few reports regarding its utilization in the glymphatic system. To address this, a noninvasive transcranial macroscopic NIR-II fluorescence imaging model is developed using a cyanine dye-protein coupled nanoprobe. NIR-II imaging with high temporal and spatial resolution reveals that hypothermia can increase the glymphatic influx by reducing the flow rate of cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, respiratory rate, respiratory amplitude, and heart rate all play a role in regulating the glymphatic influx. Thus, targeting the glymphatic influx may alter the trajectory of immune inflammation following brain injury, providing therapeutic prospects for treating brain injury with mild hypothermia.

Different binding properties of odorant-binding protein 8 to insecticides in Orius sauteri.

Chemical sensing systems are vital in the growth and development of insects. Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an important natural enemy of many pests. The molecular mechanism of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) binding with common insecticides is still unknow in O. sauteri. In this study, we expressed in vitro OsauOBP8 and conducted fluorescence competition binding assay to investigate the function of OsauOBP8 to insecticides. The results showed that OsauOBP8 could bind with four common insecticides (phoxim, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin). Subsequently, we used molecular docking to predict and obtained candidate six amino acid residues (K4, K6, K13, R31, K49, K55) and then mutated. The result showed that three key residues (K4, K6, R31) play important role in OsauOBP8 bound to insecticides. Our study identified the key binding sites of OsauOBP8 to insecticides and help to better understand the molecular mechanism of OBPs to insecticides in O. sauteri.

Imaging the intracellular refractive index distribution (IRID) for dynamic label-free living colon cancer cells via circularly depolarization decay model (CDDM).

Label-free detection of intracellular substances for living cancer cells remains a significant hurdle in cancer pathogenesis research. Although the sensitivity of light polarization to intracellular substances has been validated, current studies are predominantly focused on tissue lesions, thus label-free detection of substances within individual living cancer cells is still a challenge. The main difficulty is to find specific detection methods along with corresponding characteristic parameters. With refractive index as an endogenous marker of substances, this study proposes a detection method of intracellular refractive index distribution (IRID) for label-free living colon cancer (LoVo) cells. Utilizing the circular depolarization decay model (CDDM) to calculate the degree of circular polarization (DOCP) modulated by the cell allows for the derivation of the IRID on the focal plane. Experiments on LoVo cells demonstrated the refractive index of single cell can be accurately and precisely measured, with precision of 10-3 refractive index units (RIU). Additionally, chromatin content during the interphases (G1, S, G2) of cell cycle was recorded at 56.5%, 64.4%, and 71.5%, respectively. A significantly finer IRID can be obtained compared to the phase measurement method. This method is promising in providing a dynamic label-free intracellular substances detection method in cancer pathogenesis studies.

Alternating projection combined with fast gradient projection (FGP-AP) method for intensity-only measurement optical diffraction tomography in LED array microscopy.

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a powerful label-free measurement tool that can quantitatively image the three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) distribution of samples. However, the inherent "missing cone problem," limited illumination angles, and dependence on intensity-only measurements in a simplified imaging setup can all lead to insufficient information mapping in the Fourier domain, affecting 3D reconstruction results. In this paper, we propose the alternating projection combined with the fast gradient projection (FGP-AP) method to compensate for the above problem, which effectively reconstructs the 3D RI distribution of samples using intensity-only images captured from LED array microscopy. The FGP-AP method employs the alternating projection (AP) algorithm for gradient descent and the fast gradient projection (FGP) algorithm for regularization constraints. This approach is equivalent to incorporating prior knowledge of sample non-negativity and smoothness into the 3D reconstruction process. Simulations demonstrate that the FGP-AP method improves reconstruction quality compared to the original AP method, particularly in the presence of noise. Experimental results, obtained from mouse kidney cells and label-free blood cells, further affirm the superior 3D imaging efficacy of the FGP-AP method.

Molten Guest-Mediated Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring Multi-Modal Supramolecular Interaction Sites for Flame-Retardant Superionic Conductor in All-Solid-State Batteries.

The development of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with outstanding comprehensive performance is currently a critical challenge for achieving high energy density and safer solid-state batteries (SSBs). In this study, a strategy of nano-confined in situ solidification is proposed to create a novel category of molten guest-mediated metal-organic frameworks, named MGM-MOFs. By embedding the newly developed molten crystalline organic electrolyte (ML20) into the nanocages of anionic MOF-OH, MGM-MOF-OH, characterized by multi-modal supramolecular interaction sites and continuous negative electrostatic environments within nano-channels, is achieved. These nanochannels promote ion transport through the successive hopping of Li+ between neighbored negative electrostatic environments and suppress anion movement through the chemical constraint of the hydroxyl-functionalized pore wall. This results in remarkable Li+ conductivity of 7.1 × 10-4 S cm-1 and high Li+ transference number of 0.81. Leveraging these advantages, the SSBs assembled with MGM-MOF-OH exhibit impressive cycle stability and a high specific energy density of 410.5 Wh kganode + cathode + electrolyte -1 under constrained conditions and various working temperatures. Unlike flammable traditional MOFs, MGM-MOF-OH demonstrates high robustness under various harsh conditions, including ignition, high voltage, and extended to humidity.