Study of the optimum fluoroscopic angle for the implant fixation test of a leadless cardiac pacemaker.

The Micra TPS™ (Medtronic) is the first leadless pacemaker listed in China. The best fluoroscopic angle for the intraoperative fixation test is selected according to different implantation sites to reduce the fluoroscopy duration and radiation dose, and the test is based on the early safety and effectiveness of the device after implantation. A total of 110 patients who underwent Micra TPS™ implantation were selected. Eighty patients were in group A, and 30 patients were in group B. Under the guidance of the conclusions from group A, the fluoroscopy duration, radiation dose and number of fluoroscopic positions of the best fluoroscopic angle of the fixation test according to different positions of the implanted interventricular septum were compared. In 85.0% of the group A implants, these angles were based on the right interior oblique (RAO) angle, with 48.5% cranial (CRA) and 29.4% caudal (CAU) angles. The angle of the tilting head side of the RAO angle was prioritized in group B, and referring to the average angle data, the average fluoroscopy duration for finding the best angle of fixation test was 1.7 ± 0.6 vs. 3.2 ± 1.8 min (P < 0.001), the average radiation dose was 270.4 ± 56.3 vs. 338.1 ± 112.9 mGy (P = 0.002), and the average number of fluoroscopic positions was 2.2 ± 0.6 vs. 4.2 ± 2.1 (P < 0.001), which was significantly less than that in group A. This study found that there was regularity in the fluoroscopic angle for the fixation test during Micra TPS™ operation.Level of Evidence Level 3, local nonrandom sample.

[Degradation characteristics of transgenic cotton residues in soil by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy].

After transgenic cotton residues incubated in soil 430 d, the contents and structural characteristics of soil humus fractions, fulvic acid, humic acid and humin were measured by potassium dichromate titrimetric method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that all soil humus fractions increased after the degradation of cotton residues, and the most relative increase was with humin and the least was with fulvic acid. Compared to their near-isogenic non-transgenic cottons, soil humus content for transgenic Bt cotton residue decreased, and that forr transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton Z41 was approximate, but that for transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton SGK321 increased. Infrared spectroscopy of fulvic acid, humic acid and humin showed the addition of cotton residue decreased the content of oxygenous groups, and increased the alkyl and amide groups. There were differences in the speed to form soil humus among three transgenic cottons. Transgenic Bt cotton was slower than its counterpart, transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton Z41 was approximate to its counterpart, but transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton SGK321 was faster than its counterpart.

[Analysis of soil humus and components after 26 years' fertilization by infrared spectroscopy method].

The infrared spectrum was used to discuss structure change of soil humus and components of chemical groups in soil humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) isolated from soils in different fertilization treatment after 26 year's fertilization. The result indicated that using the infrared spectroscopy method for the determination of humus, humus fractions (HA and FA) and their structure is feasible. Fertilization affected the structure and content of soil humus and aromatization degree. After 26 years' fertilization, the infrared spectrum shapes with different treatments are similar, but the characteristic peak intensity is obviously different, which reflects the effects of different fertilization treatments on the structure and amounts of soil humus or functional groups. Compared with no fertilization, little molecule saccharides decreased and aryl-groups increased under application of inorganic fertilizer or combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer. The effect was greater in Treatment NPK and M+NPK than in Treatment M1 N and M2 N. Organic and NPK fertilizer increased the development of soil and increased soil quality to a certain extent. Results showed that organic fertilization increased aromatization degree of soil humus and humus fractions distinctly. The authors could estimate soil humus evolvement of different fertilization with infrared spectroscopy.

[Variations in IR spectra of three coating materials under outdoor illumination and pot incubation].

In the present paper, polylactic acid (PLA), poly (butylenes succinate) (PBS) and polycarbonate (PC) were selected as test coating materials, and the variations in their IR spectra under conditions of outdoor illumination and pot incubation were studied, aimed to approach the degradability of these coating materials under sunlight and in soil. The IR spectra showed that after 4 months under outdoor illumination and pot incubation with brown soil and black soil, all the test coating materials had definite variations in their structural configuration, being more obvious under pot incubation than under outdoor illumination, which suggested that the test materials were degradable, and the degradability was greater in soil than under sunlight. PC had the greatest degradability, followed by PLA, and PBS. The degradability of PLA and PC was greater in black soil than in brown soil, while that of PBS was reverse.

[Effect of sand-stabilization engineering on soil humus and components by analysis by several spectroscopy methods].

After the potassium bichromate-strong sulfuric acid hot process, the ultraviolet spectrophotometer was used on the contrast with the traditional titrimetric method to analyze soil (51 years, 43 year, 32 year, 20 year vegetations restores in the Tenggeli sand) humus and the humus components content. At the same time, the infrared spectrum was used to discuss their structure change during restoring process. The result indicated that using the visible spectroscopy method for the determination of the humus and the humus component is feasible. The spectroscopy method determination of organic matter is better (coefficient of variation at most is 7.26%) than the traditional titrimetric method, as it is accurate, fast and simple, and favors large quantities. The result indicated that humus content presents increasing tendency along with restoring ages. Change is big in early restore time, and tends to be stable in the later period. Infrared spectrum shape is similar, but the characteristic peak intensity has obvious difference. Compared with the wind-drift sand, little molecule saccharides decrease and aryl-groups increase.

Effect of genetic adjuvants on immune respondance, growth and hormone levels in somatostatin DNA vaccination-induced Hu lambs.

The aim of current study was to evaluate the prospects of adjuvants against DNA vaccination (pES/2SS) encoding somatostatin (SS) and hepatitis B surface antigen fusion gene. A total of 60 female Hu lambs were divided into 6 groups and vaccinated in the context of various adjuvants (and controls): pE-CpG, Escherichia coli DH5alpha DNA, crude liposomes or GM-CSF in combination with the pES/2SS plasmid. Controls included pES/2SS only vaccinated and physiological saline groups. The antibody against SS level in the E. coli DH5alpha DNA group was significantly increased compared to that in the pES/2SS vaccine alone. Vaccination with pES/2SS/pE-CpG or pES/2SS/E. coli DH5alpha resulted in elevated weight gains that were 33.0 and 31.6% higher, respectively, than in saline group and pES/2SS only vaccinated controls. The concentrations of GH and IGF-I in the DNA vaccine groups were remarkably higher than those in the saline group, and those with positive antibody higher than negative antibody. These results suggested that different adjuvant/pES/2SS combinations can enhance the immune effect and had significant positive effects on growth.

[Variations of IR-spectra of three coating materials before and after spraying on urea fertilizer].

Coated fertilizer is a hot spot in the domain of fertilizer research. Related researches mainly focused on the action mechanisms of coating materials in controlling the nutrient release from coated fertilizers, but less information is available on the structural variation of the coating materials before and after spraying on fertilizers, which is the key to whether we can directly use coating materials to extrapolate its mechanisms in controlling coated fertilizers' nutrient release. With polylactic acid (PLA), poly (butynelenes succinate) (PBS), and polycarbonate (PC) as test materials, the variations of their IR spectra before and after spraying on urea fertilizer were determined, which was aimed to supply theoretical basis for further studying the action mechanisms of coating materials in controlling coated fertilizers nutrient release. The results showed that PLA and PC had less variation in their IR spectra before and after spraying on urea fertilizer, while PBS acted in reverse, suggesting that the former two coating materials could be directly used for studying the patterns of nutrient release from coated fertilizers.