A new schizophrenia screening instrument based on evaluating the patient's writing.

Formal Thought Disorder (FTD) is a defining feature of schizophrenia, which is often assessed through patients' speech. Meanwhile, the written language is less studied. The aim of the present study is to establish and validate a comprehensive clinical screening scale, capturing the full variety of empirical characteristics of writing in patients with schizophrenia. The 16-item Screening Instrument for Schizophrenic Features in Writing (SISFiW) is derived from detailed literature review and a "brainstorming" discussion on 30 samples written by patients with schizophrenia. One hundred and fifty-seven participants (114 patients with an ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia; 43 healthy control subjects) were interviewed and symptoms assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication (TLC). Article samples written by each participant were rated with the SISFiW. Results demonstrated significant difference of the SISFiW-total between the patient group and healthy controls [(3.61 ± 1.72) vs. (0.49 ± 0.63), t = 16.64, p<0.001]. The inter-rater reliability (weighted kappa = 0.72) and the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.613) were acceptable, but correlations with the criterion (PANSS and TLC) were unremarkable. The ROC analysis indicated a cutoff point at 2 with the maximal sensitivity (93.0 %)/specificity (93.0 %). Discriminant analysis of the SISFiW items yielded 8 classifiers that discriminated between the diagnostic groups at a perfect overall performance (with 90.4 % of original and 88.5 % cross-validated grouped cases classified correctly). This instrument appears to be practicable and reliable, with relatively robust discriminatory power, and may serve as a complementary tool to existing FTD rating scales.

Adaptive Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems via Event-Triggered Communication and NN Learning.

This article concentrates on adaptive tracking control of strict-feedback uncertain nonlinear systems with an event-based learning scheme. A novel neural network (NN) learning law is proposed to design the adaptive control scheme. The NN weights information driven by the prediction-error-based control process is intermittently transmitted in the event-triggered context to the NN learning law mainly for signal tracking. The online stored sampled data of NN driven by the tracking error are utilized in the event context to update the learning law. With the adaptive control and NN learning law updated via the event-triggered communication, the improvements of NN learning capability, tracking performance, and system computing resource saving are guaranteed. In addition, it is proved that the minimum time interval for triggering errors of the two types of events is bounded and the Zeno behavior is strictly excluded. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed control method.

Event-Triggered Adaptive Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Composite Condition.

This article concentrates on the event-based collaborative design for strict-feedback systems with uncertain nonlinearities. The controller is designed based on neural network (NN) weights adaptive law. The controller and NN weights adaptive law are only updated at the triggering instants determined by a novel composite triggering threshold. Considering the conservativeness of event condition, the state-model error is integrated into constructing the composite condition and NN weights adaptive law. In the context of the proposed mechanism, the requirements of system information and the allowable range of event-triggering error are relaxed. The number of triggering instants is greatly reduced without deteriorating the system performance. Moreover, the stability of the closed-loop is proved by the Lyapunov method following time-interval and sampling instants. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the scheme proposed in this article.

[Relationship between Bacterial Filtration Efficiency and Non-oil Particle Filtration Efficiency in Surgical Masks].

OBJECTIVE: In order to find whether there is the correlation between the non-oil particle filtration efficiency(PFE) and the bacterial filtration efficiency(BFE) of medical surgical masks. METHODS: Non-oil particle filtration efficiency and bacterial filtration efficiency were compared and analyzed through the test data of medical surgical masks from 2012 to 2018. RESULTS: When the non-oil particle filtration efficiency of medical surgical mask is over 80%, the bacterial filtration efficiency can reach 95%. CONCLUSIONS: In order to reach the requirement of 95% bacterial filtration efficiency, surgical medical mask must improve the limit of non-oil particle filtration efficiency. The results of data analysis can provide reference for emergency inspection and filter material rapid inspection, and also provide reference for the revision of YY 0469 standard.

[The Effect of miR-503-5p on the Proliferation, Invasion, Migration and Epithelial Interstitium of Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells via Targeting E2 F3].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of miR-503-5p on the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelialization of cervical cancer HeLa cells via targeting E2 F3. METHODS: Four ccervical cancer HeLa cells groups were set up including control group, mimic-NC group, miR-503-5p mimic group, E2 F3 group, miR-503-5p mimic+ E2 F3 group (mimic+ E2 F3 group). The plasmids were separately or jointly transinfected into cervical cancer Hela cells of each group by Lipofectamine 2000, After transinfection, the target gene was predicted by gene prediction software, the targeting relationship was verified by fluorescein experiment, the expression of miR-503-5p and E2 F3 was detected by RT-PCR, cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, expression of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), E-cadherin and N-cadherin were detected by Western blot, cell invasion was detected by Transwell, and cell migration was detected by scratch test. Nude mice were divided into control group and miR-503-5p mimic group, and 0.2 mL of cervical cancer HeLa cell suspension transfected with mimic-NC or miR-503-5p mimic was injected subcutaneously into the ventral side of the right hind limb of nude mice. Thirty days post injection, the nude mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The tumor weight was weighed by an electronic balance, and the expression of KI67 and Vimentin in the tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression level of miR-503-5p in cervical cancer HeLa cells was down-regulated, miR-503-5p directly targeted E2 F3 by binding with E2 F3 at binding sites in the 3'UTR region. Over-expressing of miR-503-5p inhibited the expression of E2 F3, significantly decreased cell growth rate and the expression level of Ki67 and PCNA, decreased the number of invasive cells, widened the scratches, reduced the healing rate, up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and also down-regulated the expression of N-cadherin ( P<0.01). Over-expressing of miR-503-5p significantly reduced the volume and weight of transplanted tumors, and decreased the proportion of positive Ki67 and Vimentin ( P<0.01). CONCLUSION: miR-503-5p inhibits the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelialization of cervical cancer HeLa cells by targeting E2 F3.

Decreased Expression of TGR5 in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) Disease.

Purpose: To investigate the role of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1, Gpbar1 (TGR5) in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.Methods: The mRNA level of TGR5, iNOS, Arg1, CD16, and CD206 in macrophages was assayed by real-time PCR. ELISA was used to detect the production of cytokines in cell culture supernatants. The frequencies of CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+ IL-17+ T cells were tested by flow cytometry.Results: A decreased expression of TGR5 in M1 macrophages was observed in active VKH patients as compared with normal controls. TGR5 stimulation of M1 macrophages with INT-777 caused a shift of the inflammatory M1 toward the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage subtype. TGR5 activation of macrophages co-cultured with CD4+ T cells inhibited Th1 and Th17 polarization, as well as the release of IFN-γ and IL-17 in the culture supernatant.Conclusion: Our results show that a decreased TGR5 expression might contribute to the pathogenesis of VKH disease.

Excessive physical activity duration may be a risk factor for hypertension in young and middle-aged populations.

Physical inactivity is known to cause many health problems globally each year. However, evidence regarding the interaction between excessive physical activity (PA) and blood pressure in young and middle-aged populations is limited.A multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling design was adopted to recruit representative samples. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and undergo physical examinations. Associations between prehypertension, hypertension and PA durations were examined by multivariable logistic regression.Overall, 8206 subjects (4110 men, 50.1%) aged 15 to 45 years were enrolled. The prevalence rates of prehypertension and hypertension were 45.7% and 5.0%, respectively. Among the 1913 participants who performed moderate-intensity PA for more than 700 min/wk, 118 had hypertension (6.2%) and 845 had prehypertension (44.2%). Among the 1003 participants who performed vigorous-intensity PA for more than 450 min/wk, 82 had hypertension (8.2%) and 479 had prehypertension (47.8%).Long-term and sustained PA may increase the risk for hypertension in young and middle-aged subjects. An appropriate recommendation of PA duration should be encouraged in this cohort.

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and associated factors in Southwest China: an update.

OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors of hypertension in Chongqing Province in Southwest China. METHODS: Multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling scheme was adopted to recruit representative samples. All of the selected study participants completed a questionnaire and physical examinations. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the associated factors. RESULTS: Overall, 14 420 study participants (men = 7186) above 18 years were enrolled. The overall hypertension prevalence was 23.9%, with rural residents having a higher prevalence than urban residents (26.0 vs. 21.6%, P < 0.001). The awareness, treatment, control, and control among treated patients were 44.1, 36.6, 8.5, and 23.3%, respectively. Elderly women inhabiting urban areas had better awareness and treatment. The urban and rural areas differed in control (12.9 vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001). Age, sex, alcohol consumption, family history of hypertension, overweight/obesity, visceral adipose index, and body fat percentage were identified as risk factors for hypertension in both areas. Education levels, smoking, and daily salt intake were correlated with hypertension only among rural residents, and central obesity was correlated with hypertension only among urban residents. Sex, rurality, age, education level, alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, central obesity, visceral adipose index, and body fat percentage were identified as associated factors of awareness, treatment, and control. CONCLUSION: During the past decade, there is an increasing prevalence of hypertension in the general population in Chongqing Province. The levels of awareness, treatment, and control have improved, but remain extremely low. More aggressive strategies should thus be adopted.

[Efficacy comparison of 3 rivaroxaban regimen in patients with venous thromboembolism].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 3 rivaroxaban regimen in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). METHODS: This is a retrospective study. Thirty three inpatients with VTE received rivaroxaban were divided into 3 groups, in which 16 patients were treated with 15 mg rivaroxaban twice daily for 21 days then followed by 20 mg once per day till 3 months (group 1), 9 patients were treated with 20 mg rivaroxaban once daily for 3 months (group 2), 8 patients were treated with 10 mg rivaroxaban once daily for 3 months. The reduction rate of D-Dimer on the third therapy day, the duration of D-Dimer normalization and hospital stay as well as symptom remission, the imaging assessment results after three months treatment, rate of recurrent VTE, bleeding, liver and kidney function were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: The reduction rates of D-Dimer on the third therapy day were significantly higher ((46.12 ± 15.42) % vs. (26.59 ± 8.11) % and (25.55 ± 14.00) %, P = 0.02, P = 0.01), and the duration of D-Dimer normalization was significantly shorter ((17.9 ± 7.7) days vs. (24.1 ± 5.1) days and (26.3 ± 6.2) d, P = 0.03, P < 0.01) in group 1 than in group 2 and 3. There was one recurrent deep-vein thrombosis in group 3, one non-major bleeding in group 1 and group 3. Major bleeding or liver and kidney dysfunction were not observed in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Venous thromboembolism can be safely and effectively treated by rivaroxaban, and does of 15 mg twice daily for 21 days followed by 20 mg once daily for 3 months are superior to the other 2 tested therapy regimen in this patient cohort.

Gate-induced insulating state in bilayer graphene devices.

The potential of graphene-based materials consisting of one or a few layers of graphite for integrated electronics originates from the large room-temperature carrier mobility in these systems (approximately 10,000 cm2 V(-1) s(-1)). However, the realization of electronic devices such as field-effect transistors will require controlling and even switching off the electrical conductivity by means of gate electrodes, which is made difficult by the absence of a bandgap in the intrinsic material. Here, we demonstrate the controlled induction of an insulating state--with large suppression of the conductivity--in bilayer graphene, by using a double-gate device configuration that enables an electric field to be applied perpendicular to the plane. The dependence of the resistance on temperature and electric field, and the absence of any effect in a single-layer device, strongly suggest that the gate-induced insulating state originates from the recently predicted opening of a bandgap between valence and conduction bands.