ABSTRACT
Solution processed silver nanowire indium-tin oxide nanoparticle (AgNW-ITONP) composite thin films were successfully applied as the transparent electrodes for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells with ZnS buffer layers. Properties of the AgNW-ITONP thin film and its effects on performance of CIGS/ZnS thin film solar cells were studied. Compared with the traditional sputtered ITO electrodes, the AgNW-ITONP thin films show comparable optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the AgNW-ITONP thin film causes no physical damage to the adjacent surface layer and does not need high temperature annealing, which makes it very suitable to use as transparent conductive layers for heat or sputtering damage-sensitive optoelectronic devices. By using AgNW-ITONP electrodes, the required thickness of the ZnS buffer layers for CIGS thin film solar cells was greatly decreased.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the occurrence and development of conjunctivochalasis and bulbar conjunctival lymphangiectasia. METHODS: Case control study. One hundred cases with conjunctivochalasis treated from January to March 2012 were selected to study, and 100 cases with no conjunctivochalasis as the control group at the same time. To observe bulbar conjunctiva lymphatic duct dilatation using slit lamp microscope, analysis bulbar conjunctiva and fascia images by OCT scanning, and ablate lymphatic of conjunctival tissue for pathologic examine. RESULTS: Twenty-nine eyes of the bulbar conjunctiva lymphangiectasia associated with 100 cases (183 eyes) conjunctivochalasis patients, accounting for 15.84%; 8 eyes of the ball conjunctival lymphatic dilation in control group of 100 cases ( 200 eyes), accounting for 4.00%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ(2) = 15.36, P < 0.001). OCT scanning showed that lymphangiectasia of the conjunctiva is at the subcutaneous mainly, some in the conjunctival lamina propria. They are border-clear, full-filled fluid, single-lumen or multi lumens, not involving the fascia. The histopathological examination showed that the lamina propria of the bulbar conjunctiva mildly chronic inflammatory changes accompanied by a large number of lymphangiectasia. CONCLUSION: Bulbar conjunctival lymphangiectasia may be one of the reasons for the conjunctivochalasis.
Subject(s)
Conjunctival Diseases/pathology , Lymphangiectasis/pathology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the histopathological change of conjunctivochalasis. METHODS: Conjunctival tissue was collected from 17 patients with conjunctivochalasis and 15 simple cataract patients. By HE/Verhoeff elastic fiber staining, the histopathological changes of conjunctival tissues in the patients were compared with those of simple cataract patients. RESULTS: The pathologic changes in conjunctivochalasis patients were characterized with hyperplasia of squamous epithelium with parakeratosis, pigmentation with different level in basal cell, hemorrhage, edema of stroma, infiltration of lymphocyte and plasmocyte. The elastic fiber layer was decreased. CONCLUSION: There was hyperplasia of conjunctival epithelium, decrease of elastic fiber and chronic inflammation in patients with conjunctivochalasis. The decrease of elastic fiber should be considered as major cause of the changes of conjunctiva.
