ABSTRACT
Water bodies provide humans with important hydrological ecosystem services (HESs), directly or indirectly. Water yield, water conservation, and soil conservation are essential to HESs. Since China's reform and opening up, and with its rapid socio-economic development, land use in Jiangxi Province has undergone drastic change, resulting in threats to the ecological environment. This paper evaluates three HESs, water yield, water conservation, and soil conservation, in Jiangxi Province based on land use and rainfall data, quantifies the impacts of different land classes on each ecosystem, predicts future land use using the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, and finally, discusses the ecological risks in the study area. The following results were obtained: (1) The HESs in the basin increased and then decreased from 2000 to 2020, and the spatial distribution of water yield and water conservation was greatly influenced by rainfall. Soil conservation was mostly consistent with the elevation distribution. (2) Over time, the overall aggregation of HESs in the study area increased. There were small differences in the effects of various land uses on water yield and water conservation, and large differences in the effects on soil conservation. (3) The distribution of ecological risks was not affected by different land use strategies, with the lower ecological risk level 1 dominating. Most risk areas were present in Ganzhou, Ji'an, Shangrao, and Jiujiang. The ecological risk from urban sprawl (US) accounted for the most significant proportion, and that from the ecological protection (EP) strategy accounted for the lowest proportion. This study provides reference for sustainable land use development and ecological risk prevention in the study area.
ABSTRACT
With the wave of the digital economy and industrial ecological construction, it is more essential for developing countries to focus on improving the structural quality of the service industry rather than just the quantitative aspect of the service industry. This study utilizes panel data from 30 provinces in China and spatial Dubin models to estimate the impact of service industry structure upgrading on industrial ecologicalization efficiency and its spatial effect. Our results reveal that productive and high-end service industries play a vital role in promoting industrial ecological efficiency. At the level of spatial effect, the productive service industry has a negative spatial correlation with the adjacent area, while the effect of the high-end service industry on the adjacent area is not highlighted. This study focuses on clarifying the spatial role of service industry structure upgrading on the improvement of industrial ecological efficiency, further expanding the theory of industrial structure adjustment, and providing insights for developing countries on how to optimize the structure of the service industry and achieve high-quality development of industrial ecologicalization.
