ABSTRACT
Renal damage is a common and severe condition encountered in the clinic. Luteolin (Lut) exhibits antiinflammatory, antifibrotic and antiapoptotic effects. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects of Lut on angiotensin II (AngII)induced renal damage in apolipoprotein Edeficient (ApoE/) mice. Male ApoE/ mice (age, 8 weeks) were randomly divided into the following three groups: i) Control group (n=6); ii) AngII group (n=6); and iii) AngII + Lut group (n=6). Lut was administered by gavage (100 mg/kg/d). ApoE/ mice were implanted with Alzet osmotic minipumps, filled with either saline vehicle or AngII solution for a maximum period of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, metabolic characteristics were measured and the histopathological alterations in the kidney tissue were observed. The metabolic characteristics of blood creatinine (CRE) levels were lower in the AngII + Lut group compared with in the AngII group. The expression levels of collagen I and III were lower in the kidney tissues of the AngII + Lut group compared with the corresponding tissues of the AngII group. The gene expression levels of IL1ß, IL6, TNFα and IL10 were also suppressed in the kidney tissues of the AngII + Lut group compared with those in the corresponding tissues of the AngII group. Furthermore, the AngII + Lut group exhibited markedly increased LC3 protein expression and notably decreased p62 protein expression in the kidney tissues compared with the expression levels in the AngII group. The data demonstrated that Lut attenuated AngIIinduced collagen deposition and inflammation, while inducing autophagy. Collectively, the results suggested that Lut treatment exhibited a exerted effect on AngIIinduced renal injury in ApoE/ mice.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin II , Kidney Diseases , Kidney , Luteolin/pharmacology , Angiotensin II/adverse effects , Angiotensin II/pharmacology , Animals , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/metabolism , Kidney/injuries , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Kidney Diseases/genetics , Kidney Diseases/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Knockout, ApoEABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to find the optimal threshold of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in Chinese individuals. METHODS: A total of 8 391 subjects (including 2 133 men and 6 258 women) aged 40-90 years with gradable retinal photographs were recruited. The relationship between HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy (DR) was examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to find the optimal threshold of HbA1c in screening DR and diagnosing diabetes. RESULTS: HbA1c values in patients with DR were significantly higher than in those with no DR. The ROC curve for HbA1c had an area under the curve of 0.881 (95%CI 0.857-0.905; P = 0.000). HbA1c at a cutoff of 6.5% had a high sensitivity (80.6%) and specificity (86.9%) for detecting DR. CONCLUSIONS: HbA1c can be used to diagnose diabetes in a Chinese population, and the optimal HbA1c cutoff point for diagnosis is 6.5%.
Subject(s)
Asian People , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Glycated Hemoglobin , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Glucose , China/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , ROC Curve , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The usage of porous materials to remove Nano Particles (Nanoparticles, NPs) is one of the critical ways to purify the air. The present study employed three typical mesoporous structures, CMK-3, SBA-15 and MCM-41 to conduct removal experiments, in which NPs were generated, ranging from 2 nm to 20 nm, aiming at exploring the practical feasibility and relative theory foundation about the filtration of mesoporous structures towards NPs. Based on the physical and chemical characterization of the three mesoporous structures above, coupled with the adsorption experiments, the results acquired indicated that the most probable pore size of mesoporous structures coupled with certain mesoporous capacity of a mesoporous structure are the key to remove NPs. However, the distribution of micropore contributed hardly to the removal of NPs. Based on this, exploration was made to observe the effect that different flow rates and thicknesses had on the efficiency of NPs removal. The consequences showed that most penetrating particle size (MPPS) of NPs decreased with the increase of flow rates. Meanwhile, the corresponding removal efficiency of MPPS decreased. Furthermore, MPPS did not change with the change of thicknesses. This study provided technical evidence for the removal of NPs on mesoporous structures.
