GPR27 expression correlates with prognosis and tumor progression in gliomas.

Backgrounds: Glioma is a highly aggressive type of brain tumor, and its prognosis is still poor despite recent progress in treatment strategies. G protein-coupled receptor 27 (GPR27) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family and has been reported to be involved in various cellular processes, including tumor progression. Nevertheless, the clinical potential and tumor-related role of GPR27 in glioma remain unknown. Here we aimed to explore the function and role of GPR27 in gliomas. Methods: In the current study, we evaluated the expression and clinical significance of GPR27 in gliomas using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We also conducted cellular experiments to evaluate the functional role of GPR27 in glioma cell growth. Results: We found that GPR27 expression level was closely associated with disease status of glioma. Of note, GPR27 was negatively correlated with WHO grade, with grade IV samples showing the lowest GPR27 levels, while grade II samples showed the highest levels. Patients with IDH mutation or 1p/19q co-deletion exhibited higher GPR27 levels. In addition, lower GPR27 levels were correlated with higher death possibilities. In cellular experiments, we confirmed that GPR27 inhibited glioma cell growth. Conclusions: Our results indicate that GPR27 may function as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in gliomas. Further studies are needed to illustrate the signaling mechanism and clinical implications of GPR27 in gliomas.

Transmembrane and Ubiquitin-Like Domain-Containing 1 Promotes Glioma Growth and Indicates Unfavorable Prognosis.

Background: Ubiquitin-related proteins have garnered increasing attention for their roles in tumorigenesis. Transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing 1 (TMUB1) is a recently discovered protein in the ubiquitin-like domain family, yet its involvement in glioma remains poorly understood. This study is aimed at investigating the functional significance and clinical relevance of TMUB1 in glioma. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis using two cohorts: a retrospective glioma cohort from our hospital and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. The mRNA levels of TMUB1 were assessed through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Clinical associations of TMUB1 in these cohorts were evaluated using correlation tests, chi-square tests, and survival analyses. Additionally, we performed TMUB1 knockdown in U87 and LN-229 human glioma cell lines, and cellular growth was assessed through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Our results revealed that TMUB1 expression was elevated in glioma tissues compared to normal brain tissues. Notably, lower TMUB1 expression correlated with favorable characteristics such as lower World Health Organization (WHO) grade and 1p/19q codeletion. Moreover, patients with higher TMUB1 levels in glioma tissues exhibited worse prognosis in both TCGA cohort and our retrospective cohort, underscoring its prognostic significance in gliomas. Cellular experiments demonstrated that TMUB1 silencing suppressed the growth of glioma cells. Conclusions: TMUB1 emerges as a novel and clinically relevant prognostic biomarker for gliomas. Targeting TMUB1 holds promise as a potential strategy for glioma treatment. This study contributes valuable insights into the multifaceted role of TMUB1 in glioma pathogenesis and its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Correlation between LSM1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Glioblastoma and Functional Mechanisms.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain tumor characterized by limited treatment options and a bleak prognosis. Although the role of Like-Sm 1 (LSM1), a component of the mRNA splicing machinery, has been studied in various cancers, its significance in GBM remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expression of LSM1 and its role in driving GBM progression. Methods: We analyzed gene expression data obtained from TCGA and GTEx databases to compare the levels of LSM1 expression between GBM and normal brain tissues. To assess the impact of LSM1, we conducted experiments using U87 GBM cells, wherein we manipulated LSM1 expression through overexpression and knockdown techniques. These experiments allowed us to evaluate cellular behaviors such as proliferation and invasion. Additionally, we explored the correlation between LSM1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM. Results: Our analysis of TCGA and GTEx datasets revealed a significant upregulation of LSM1 expression in GBM compared to normal brain tissues. In our in vitro experiments using U87 cells, we observed that LSM1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and invasion, while LSM1 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, we discovered correlations between LSM1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM, specifically involving TFH cells, CD56bright cells, macrophages, and Th2 cells. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate the upregulation of LSM1 in GBM and its contribution to tumor progression by enhancing cell proliferation, invasion, and influencing immune cell infiltration. Our research sheds light on the potential oncogenic role of LSM1 in GBM and suggests its viability as a therapeutic target for this aggressive brain tumor.

An ESIPT-Based Fluorescent Probe for Aqueous Cu+ Detection through Strip, Nanofiber and Living Cells.

Constructed on the benzothiazole-oxanthracene structure, a fluorescent probe RBg for Cu+ was designed under the ESIPT mechanism and synthesized by incorporating amide bonds as the connecting group and glyoxal as the identifying group. Optical properties revealed a good sensitivity and a good linear relationship of the probe RBg with Cu+ in the concentration range of [Cu+] = 0-5.0 µmol L-1. Ion competition and fluorescence-pH/time stability experiments offered further possibilities for dynamic Cu+ detection in an aqueous environment. HRMS analysis revealed a possible 1:1 combination of RBg and Cu+. In addition, colorimetric Cu+ detection and lysosome-targeted properties of the probe RBg were analyzed through RBg-doped PVDF nanofiber/test strips and RBg-Mito/Lyso trackers that were co-stained in living HeLa cells, enabling the probe's future applications as real-time detection methods for dynamic Cu+ tracking in the lysosomes and Cu+ detection under diversified conditions.

A PET Fluorescent Probe for Dynamic Pd2+ Tracking with Imaging Applications in the Nanofiber and Living Cells.

Constructed on the moiety of a lactam screw ring, a near-infrared fluorescent probe RCya for Pd2+ was designed under the PET mechanism and synthesized by incorporating 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as the recognition group. Dynamic detection of aqueous Pd2+ by the probe RCya could be accomplished through ion competition, linear response, fluorescence-pH/time stabilities, and other optical tests. Moreover, the high selectivity, low cytotoxicity, cell permeability, and lysosome accumulation properties of RCya enabled the imaging applications on solid-state RCya-PAN composite nanofibers and in living cells. The recognition mechanism of probe RCya toward Pd2+ was further studied through simulation calculation and MS analysis.

Performance enhancement of gas sensing by modification of molybdenum selenide nanosheets with metal nanoparticles.

In this paper, nanostructured molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) with composited phases are synthesized by hydrothermal method, and the products are modified by metal anoparticles to improve the gas sensing performance. Microstructure characterization shows that few layered 1T/2H-MoSe2nanosheets have been successfully prepared. Both the morphology and component of nanosheets could be tuned by the reaction parameters. It is shown the MoSe2-based nanomaterials have excellent selectivity to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) according to gas sensing properties measurement. The sensitivity of 1T/2H-MoSe2nanosheets modified by Cu nanoparticles is 17.73 (50 ppm NO2) at the optimal operating temperature, which is the highest compared with other samples. The sensors also exhibit rapid response/recovery time and high stability. The sensing mechanism of MoSe2nanosheets toward NO2is investigated based on the first-principles calculation. The results suggest the modification by metal nanoparticles could significantly improve the adsorption energy and charge transfer between gas molecule and MoSe2. This work demonstrates a promising guidance for the design of new NO2gas sensing materials and devices.

Performance Enhancement of Gas Sensing by Modification of Molybdenum Selenide Nanosheets with Metal Nanoparticles.

In this paper, nanostructured Molybdenum Selenide (MoSe2) with composited phases are synthesized by hydrothermal method, and the products are modified by metal anoparticles to improve the gas sensing performance. Microstructure characterization shows that few layered 1T/2H-MoSe2 nanosheets have been successfully prepared. Both the morphology and composition of nanosheets could be tuned by the reaction parameters. It is shown the MoSe2-based nanomaterials have excellent selectivity to Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) according to gas sensing properties measurement. The sensitivity of 1T/2H-MoSe2 nanosheets modified by Cu nanoparticles is 17.73 (50 ppm NO2) at the optimal operating temperature, which is the highest compared with other samples. The sensors also exhibit rapid response/recovery time and high stability. The sensing mechanism of MoSe2 nanosheets toward NO2 is investigated based on the first-principles calculation. The results suggest the modification by metal nanoparticles could significantly improve the adsorption energy and the charge transfer between gas molecule and MoSe2. This work demonstrates a promising guidance for the design of new NO2 gas sensing materials and devices.

Optical fiber humidity sensor based on a hollow core fiber filled with BPQDs-PVA.

An optical fiber Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometric humidity sensor based on black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and experimentally verified. The sensor is constructed by splicing a brief hollow core fiber (HCF) with a single-mode fiber (SMF) and filling the BPQDs-PVA compound into the HCF. When the proposed humidity sensor is placed in a humidity environment, BPQDs-PVA adsorbs water molecules in the air with increasing humidity, which changes the length of the FP cavity, as well as the refractive index of BPQDs-PVA, resulting in a spectral blueshift. The influence of the mixing ratio on humidity response properties has been experimentally investigated. A linear enhanced sensitivity of -0.7525n m/% R H within the humidity range of 45-75 %RH has been achieved. The maximum instability is 0.07 %RH in a long-term stability test, whereas the response and recovery times are 1.44 and 1.48 s, respectively.

All-optical tunable slow-light based on an analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency in a hybrid metamaterial.

We demonstrate and analyze the use of metamaterials featuring an analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in slow light technology. For most metamaterials, EIT-like effects suffer from intrinsic ohmic loss, and the metamaterial-based slow-light effect can only be tuned passively, which limits their application in slow light devices. We propose a hybrid metamaterial with a unit cell composed of a ring resonator formed from photoactive silicon (Si) and a rectangular bar formed from metallic silver (Ag). Based on an analogue of EIT in the designed hybrid metamaterial, we theoretically demonstrate an all-optical tunable slow-light effect in the telecommunication window. We successfully demonstrate the possibility of designing novel all-optical tunable chip-scale slow-light devices that could be used in optical buffering.

Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on SCF-based MZI cascaded with FBG.

A novel seven-core fiber (SCF)-based sensor capable of simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor consists of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a SCF-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The MZI is formed by splicing a short section of SCF between two single-mode fibers (SMFs), and in the meantime, two fiber tapers that act as light splitter and coupler are formed at both ends of the SCF by the fusion splicing method. In addition, the FBG with a central wavelength of 1547.98 nm is cascaded at the end of one fiber taper, and thus simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain can be realized. The experiment result shows that the SCF-based MZI is only sensitive to temperature and has the higher temperature sensitivity of 93.11 pm/°C, while the FBG is sensitive to temperature and strain with sensitivities of 11.46 pm/°C and 0.627pm/µÎµ, respectively. The corresponding temperature and strain resolutions of the sensor are 0.21°C and 27.95µÎµ, respectively. The proposed sensor has the advantages of simple fabrication and high repeatability and has potential applications in many fields such as engineering machinery and building structure health monitoring.

A Review of Algorithm & Hardware Design for AI-Based Biomedical Applications.

This paper reviews the state of the arts and trends of the AI-Based biomedical processing algorithms and hardware. The algorithms and hardware for different biomedical applications such as ECG, EEG and hearing aid have been reviewed and discussed. For algorithm design, various widely used biomedical signal classification algorithms have been discussed including support vector machine (SVM), back propagation neural network (BPNN), convolutional neural networks (CNN), probabilistic neural networks (PNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), Short-term Memory Network (LSTM), fuzzy neural network and etc. The pros and cons of the classification algorithms have been analyzed and compared in the context of application scenarios. The research trends of AI-Based biomedical processing algorithms and applications are also discussed. For hardware design, various AI-Based biomedical processors have been reviewed and discussed, including ECG classification processor, EEG classification processor, EMG classification processor and hearing aid processor. Various techniques on architecture and circuit level have been analyzed and compared. The research trends of the AI-Based biomedical processor have also been discussed.

Near-infrared fluorescent probe for selective detection of H2S and its application in living animals.

In this study, a novel near-infrared fluorescent off-on probe for H2S based on seminaphthorhodafluor fluorophore is designed and constructed, which could be used in detection with 121-fold (23-fold) fluorescent (absorbance) enhancement at 630 nm (572 nm), fast responsiveness (completed within 5 min), high sensitivity, and lower cellular autofluorescence interference. Based on these excellent optical properties, the probe was employed to monitor H2S in red wine samples with satisfactory results. Moreover, the probe was successfully applied for monitoring and imaging H2S quantitatively in Hela cells and live athymic nude mice, indicating its potential application in biological science.

Fabrication of three-dimensional zinc oxide nanoflowers for high-sensitivity fiber-optic ammonia gas sensors.

ZnO is identified as one of the promising coating materials in optical fiber for ammonia gas sensors. In this work, three-dimensional ZnO nanoflowers are fabricated via a facile hydrothermal method and used as sensitive coating materials for optical fiber ammonia gas sensors. Results show that the sensor with ZnO nanoflowers exhibits a high sensitivity of 5.75 pm/(µg·L-1) for ammonia concentration ranging from 0 to 5460 µg·L-1, which is more than 2.6 times higher than that of the sensor with a coating of ZnO microspheres [2.2 pm/(µg·L-1)].

Numerical investigation of a microfiber-plane-grating composite optical waveguide for gas refractive index sensing.

In this paper, we propose a microfiber-plane-grating composite optical waveguide (MPGCOW), which is formed by immobilizing a tapered microfiber on the surface of a plane grating with one defect, for gas refractive index (RI) sensing. Its optical properties and gas RI sensing properties are investigated by the finite difference time domain method. Results show that the MPGCOW has a photonic stop band and is very sensitive to the ambient gas RI variation. The largest gas RI sensing sensitivity of 486.67 nm/RIU and detection limit of 2×10-6 are obtained by immersing the structure in the mixture gas of N2 and He with various mixture ratios.

[Research on high sensitivity temperature sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer with waist-enlarged fiber bitapers].

Optical fiber sensing technology is one of the very promising techniques in sensing fields. A high sensitivity high temperature sensor based on inline optical fiber Mach-Zehnder(M-Z) interferometer by using standard single mode fiber with two waist-enlarged bitapers is proposed in the present paper. The waist-enlarged bitapers are considered as couplers, the distance between the two bitapers is the sensing arm. The light in the lead-in fiber core couples into the sensing arms' fiber core and cladding by the first bitaper, and then propagate in them. The phase difference between core mode and cladding mode is produced when the light reaches the second bitaper. Then the second bitaper couples the light into the lead-out single-mode fiber to get the interference spectrum. The sensors with different length were fabricated. The relationship between the sensor length and interference period, and the temperature response of the.sensor were studied by experiments. The results show that the 35 mm long sensor has a high sensitivity of 0.115 nm x degrees C(-1) in the range of 30-400 degrees C. The transmission spectrum of the sensor was also analyzed by the fast Fourier transform. It shows that only LP01 mode and LP08 mode propagate in the sensor. Thesensor has advantages of small size, high precision, and immunity to electromagnetic inteference. In addition, it is of easy fabrication, high signal-to-noise ratio, light weight, and high sensitivity, and could be operated under high temperature. This kind of sensor is a good candidate for high temperature measurement of hot gas, oil and gas well logging and other areas.

Protective humoral responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus: implications for the design of an effective protein-based vaccine.

Some of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) carry major epitopes involved in virus neutralization and are essential for the induction of protective humoral responses and the development of an effective vaccine. Rabbit antisera were prepared using full-length N and M proteins and eight expressed fragments covering the S protein. Antisera to S and M proteins were found to have different neutralizing titres towards SARS-CoV infection in vivo, ranging from 1:35 to 1:128. Antiserum to the N protein did not contain neutralizing antibodies. Epitopes inducing protective humoral responses to virus infection were located mainly in the M protein and a region spanning residues 13-877 of the S protein. The neutralizing ability of antisera directed against the expressed structural proteins was greater than that of convalescent patient antisera, confirming that, as immunogens, the former induce strong, SARS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibody responses. The in vitro neutralization assay has important implications for the design of an effective, protein-based vaccine preventing SARS-CoV infection.