ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical effect of Bayesian discriminant analysis in predicting the risk of macrosomia. Methods 169 fetal macrosomia and 169 non-macrosomia were enrolled in a 1:1 matched case-control study. Conditional Logistic regression was used to select the discriminant indexes,and the discriminant indexes were put into the Bayesian discriminant model to obtain the Bayesian discriminant function. The discriminant function was the retrospectively examined and externally tested. Results The results of conditional Logistic regression model indicated that mother's height, early pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational diabetes, gestational weeks, the height of uterine and abdominal circumference were associated with the birth of fetal macrosomia. The Bayesian discriminant function were established: Fetal macrosomia:y1=-27.802+8.420×Mother＇s height+8.719×early pregnancy BMI+10.485×gestational weeks+3.375×gestational diabetes+2.862×height of uterine and abdominal circumference; Non-macrosomia y2=-17.477+7.161×Mother＇s height+7.217×early pregnancy BMI+7.862×gestational weeks+2.036×gestational diabetes-0.085×height of uterine and abdominal circumference. Wilks′ Lambda λ=0.489, P<0.001, the Bayesian discriminant function was statistically significant. The internal and external conformity rates of the Bayesian discriminant model were all more than 80%. Conclutions The birth of fetal macrosomia is related to many factors. The Bayesian discriminant model in the present study is valuable to discriminate macrosomia and provide an objective reference for more accurate identification of macrosomia in the future.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) in Zhuang population, and to analyze the potential factors of SGA. Methods A total of 3 839 live births in the Wuming District People’s Hospital and Wuming Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were recruited. Random Forest, 2 test and Logistic regression model were used for statistical analyses. Results The incidence of SGA was 9.6% (368/3 839), and it was 6.9% (142/2 049) and 12.6% (226/1 790) for male and female infants respectively. Random Forest method showed that second-trimester intrauterine growth restriction’s importance score was the highest, but gestational week’s was the lowest. Also, seven important variables were selected by this method. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that parity <2, the height of mothers <1.55 m, insufficient gestational weight gain, second-trimester intrauterine growth restriction were risk factors for SGA, but pre-pregnancy BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 and male infants were protective factors. Conclusions The incidence of SGA is slightly higher, among the Zhuang population in Guangxi. SGA is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the status of intrauterine growth and adopt comprehensive measures to control and reduce the incidence of SGA.
ABSTRACT
C-X-C chemokine receptor types 1/2 (CXCR1/2) may play multiple roles in the development and progression of a number of types of tumor. The abnormal expression of CXCR1/2 in various types of malignant tumors has been reported, but less is known with regard to gastric carcinoma. The present study was preliminarily conducted to elucidate the correlation between clinicopathological factors and the immunohistochemical expression of CXCR1/2 in patients with gastric carcinoma. The expression of CXCR1/2 in 69 specimens of sporadic gastric carcinoma and their corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa obtained by gastrectomy was assayed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a polyclonal anti-CXCR1/2 antibody. ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation and the expression of indicators of proliferation, growth and apoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bax, Cyclin D1, EGFR and Ki-67), angiogenesis (VEGF and CD34), invasion and metastasis (MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-2 and E-cadherin) were also detected by IHC. A total of 68 (98.6%) of the 69 patients with gastric carcinoma were found to have positive CXCR1/2 expression, which appeared to be significantly higher in gastric carcinoma compared with corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa tissues. The expression of CXCR1/2 in gastric carcinoma was significantly associated with invasion, metastasis and TNM staging (P<0.001). Correlation analysis between CXCR1/2 and pAKT (P=0.032), pERK (P<0.001), Cyclin D1 (P=0.049), EGFR (P=0.013), Bcl-2 (P=0.003), microvessel density (P=0.001), MMP-9 (P=0.013) and MMP-2 (P=0.027) expression using the Spearman test showed significant correlation in gastric carcinoma. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with negative or weak expression, overexpression of CXCR1/2 protein was a significant risk factor for TNM stage (P<0.001). These results preliminarily suggest that CXCR1/2 may be a useful maker for progression of the tumors and a promising target for gastric carcinoma therapy.
ABSTRACT
Chemokine receptors play multiple roles in the development and progression of various tumor types. The aim of this study was to examine C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CXCR1) protein expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and to investigate the clinical implications of CXCR1 upregulation. Expression of CXCR1 protein in 83 specimens of sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma and their corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa obtained by gastrectomy was assayed using immunohistochemistry. The intensity of immunostaining in tumor tissue was considered strong when tumor tissue staining was more intense than in the corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa; the intensity was null when staining was weaker in the tumor than in the corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa; and the intensity was weak when staining was similar in both tissues. Microvascular density in tumor tissue and its corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa was measured using monoclonal antibody against CD34. A strong correlation was observed between elevated CXCR1 protein expression and tumor stage (P<0.05). T stage, N stage and overall stage positively correlated with CXCR1 protein expression. Microvascular density was higher in tumors with strong CXCR1 protein expression, but the correlation with CXCR1 was not linear (P=0.07). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that, compared to no or weak expression, overexpression of CXCR1 protein was a significant risk factor for high N stage (N2, N3). These results indicate that CXCR1 may be considered as a new and promising target for gastric adenocarcinoma therapy.
