ABSTRACT
Anaerobic digestion of pig manure spiked with tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) and the degradation of the two antibiotics during the anaerobic digestion at 35 degrees C were investigated. The results indicate that propionate was the main volatile fatty acid produced during the anaerobic digestion followed by acetate. Compared with the CTC addition, TC + CTC addition showed obvious inhibitory effect on the hydrolysis and acidification of easily digestible organic components of pig manure. The cumulative methane production of TC, CTC, TC + CTC and CK2 during anaerobic digestion was 386.4 mL, 406.0 mL, 412.1 mL and 464.6 mL, respectively. Degradation of TC and CTC followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-life of TC and CTC was 14-18 days and 10 days, respectively. After the treatment of 45-day anaerobic digestion, the degradation efficiency of TC was 88.6%-91.6% with 97.7%-98.2% of CTC. Therefore, anaerobic digestion shows the benefit on the management of animal manures contaminated by tetracyclines.
Subject(s)
Manure/analysis , Tetracyclines/metabolism , Anaerobiosis , Animals , Biodegradation, Environmental , Chickens , Chlortetracycline/metabolism , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Hydrolysis , Manure/microbiology , Methane/analysis , Methane/metabolism , Propionates/analysis , SwineABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of tetrandrine on activity of collagenase derived from human hypertrophic scar for the sake of clarifying the mechanism as tetrandrine acting on scar. METHODS: The experimental concentration was controlled below that of cell proliferation inhibited, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was adopted to separate collagenase from extracellular matrix, and then activated by trypsin analyzed the activity of collagenase with density scanning apparatus. At the same time quantity of extracellular collagen was measured using improved chloraseptine T oxidizing assay, moreover analyzed correlation between activity of collagenase and quantity of extracellular collagen. RESULTS: In the concentration below the lever of inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, the total activity of collagenase could be significantly increased by tetrandrine with dosage-dependence associated with quantity of extracellular collagen reduced, which was much greater than that of triamcinolone. CONCLUSION: Increasing activity of collagenase on degradation of collagen even in a lower concentration was one of the mechanisms of tetrandrine treating hypertrophic scar.