Metabolomics analysis of rice fermented by medicinal fungi providing insights into the preparation of functional food.

Rice, a primary staple food, may be improved in value via fermentation. Here, ten medicinal basidiomycetous fungi were separately applied for rice fermentation. After preliminary screening, Ganoderma boninense, Phylloporia pulla, Sanghuangporus sanghuang and Sanghuangporus weigelae were selected for further LC-MS based determination of the changes in metabolic profile after their fermentation with rice, and a total of 261, 296, 312, and 355 differential compounds were identified, respectively. Most of these compounds were up-regulated and involved in the metabolic pathways of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. Sanghuangporus weigelae endowed the rice with the highest nutritional and bioactive values. The metabolic network of the identified differential compounds in rice fermented by S. weigelae illustrated their close relationships. In summary, this study provides insights into the preparation and application of potential functional food via the fermentation of rice with medicinal fungi.

GSK2334470 attenuates high salt-exacerbated rheumatoid arthritis progression by restoring Th17/Treg homeostasis.

High salt (HS) consumption is a risk factor for multiple autoimmune disorders via disturbing immune homeostasis. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which HS exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis remain poorly defined. Herein, we found that heightened phosphorylation of PDPK1 and SGK1 upon HS exposure attenuated FoxO1 expression to enhance the glycolytic capacity of CD4 T cells, resulting in strengthened Th17 but compromised Treg program. GSK2334470 (GSK), a dual PDPK1/SGK1 inhibitor, effectively mitigated the HS-induced enhancement in glycolytic capacity and the overproduction of IL-17A. Therefore, administration of GSK markedly alleviated HS-exacerbated RA progression in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Collectively, our data indicate that HS consumption subverts Th17/Treg homeostasis through the PDPK1-SGK1-FoxO1 signaling, while GSK could be a viable drug against RA progression in clinical settings.

Exploring machine learning applications in Meningioma Research (2004-2023).

Objective: This study aims to examine the trends in machine learning application to meningiomas between 2004 and 2023. Methods: Publication data were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) within the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Using CiteSpace 6.2.R6, a comprehensive analysis of publications, authors, cited authors, countries, institutions, cited journals, references, and keywords was conducted on December 1, 2023. Results: The analysis included a total of 342 articles. Prior to 2007, no publications existed in this field, and the number remained modest until 2017. A significant increase occurred in publications from 2018 onwards. The majority of the top 10 authors hailed from Germany and China, with the USA also exerting substantial international influence, particularly in academic institutions. Journals from the IEEE series contributed significantly to the publications. "Deep learning," "brain tumor," and "classification" emerged as the primary keywords of focus among researchers. The developmental pattern in this field primarily involved a combination of interdisciplinary integration and the refinement of major disciplinary branches. Conclusion: Machine learning has demonstrated significant value in predicting early meningiomas and tailoring treatment plans. Key research focuses involve optimizing detection indicators and selecting superior machine learning algorithms. Future efforts should aim to develop high-performance algorithms to drive further innovation in this field.

A Compensation Method for Full-Field-of-View Energy Nonuniformity in Dark-and-Weak-Target Simulators.

Dark-and-weak-target simulators are used as ground-based calibration devices to test and calibrate the performance metrics of star sensors. However, these simulators are affected by full-field-of-view energy nonuniformity. This problem impacts the quality of output images and the calibration accuracy of sensors and inhibits further improvements in navigational accuracy. In the study reported in this paper, we sought to analyze the factors which affect full-field-of-view energy uniformity in dark-and-weak-target simulators. These include uneven irradiation in backlight sources, the leakage of light from LCD display panels, and the vignetting of collimating optical systems. We then established an energy transfer model of a dark-and-weak-target simulator based on the propagation of a point light source and proposed a self-adaptive compensation algorithm based on pixel-by-pixel fitting. This algorithm used a sensor to capture the output image of a dark-and-weak-target simulator and iteratively calculated the response error matrix of the simulator. Finally, we validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the compensation algorithm by acquiring images using a self-built test system. The results showed that, after compensating an output image of the dark-and-weak-target simulator, the grayscale standard display function (SDF) of the acquired sensor image was reduced by about 50% overall, so the acquisition image was more accurately compensated, and the desired level of grayscale distribution was obtained. This study provides a reference for improving the quality of output images from dark-and-weak-target simulators, so that the working environments of star sensors may be more realistically simulated, and their detection performance improved.

Superfine Nanodomain Engineering Unleashing Ferroelectricity in Incipient Ferroelectrics.

Incipient ferroelectrics have emerged as an attractive class of functional materials owing to their potential to be engineered for exotic ferroelectric behavior, holding great promise for expanding the ferroelectric family. However, thus far, their artificially engineered ferroelectricity has fallen far short of rivaling classic ferroelectrics. In this study, we address this challenge by developing a superfine nanodomain engineering strategy. By applying this approach to representative incipient ferroelectric of SrTiO3-based films, we achieve unprecedentedly strong ferroelectricity, not only surpassing previous records for incipient ferroelectrics but also being comparable to classic ferroelectrics. The remanent polarization of the thin film reaches up to 17.0 µC cm-2 with an ultrahigh Curie temperature of 973 K. Atomic-scale investigations elucidate the origin of this robust ferroelectricity in the emergent high-density superfine nanodomains spanning merely 3-10 unit cells. Combining experimental results with theoretical assessments, we unveil the underlying mechanism, where the intentionally introduced diluted foreign Fe element creates a deeper Landau energy well and promotes a short-range ordering of polarization. Our developed strategy significantly streamlines the design of unconventional ferroelectrics, providing a versatile pathway for exploring new and superior ferroelectric materials.

Comprehensive analysis of clinical and biological value of ING family genes in liver cancer.

BACKGROUND: Liver cancer (LIHC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality in cancer. The ING family genes were identified as tumor suppressor genes. Dysregulated expression of these genes can lead to cell cycle arrest, senescence and/or apoptosis. ING family genes are promising targets for anticancer therapy. However, their role in LIHC is still not well understood. AIM: To have a better understanding of the important roles of ING family members in LIHC. METHODS: A series of bioinformatics approaches (including gene expression analysis, genetic alteration analysis, survival analysis, immune infiltration analysis, prediction of upstream microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of ING1, and ING1-related gene functional enrichment analysis) was applied to study the expression profile, clinical relationship, prognostic significance and immune infiltration of ING in LIHC. The relationship between ING family genes expression and tumor associated immune checkpoints was investigated in LIHC. The molecular mechanism of ING1 mediated hepatocarcinogenesis was preliminarily discussed. RESULTS: mRNA/protein expression of different ING family genes in LIHC was analyzed in different databases, showing that ING family genes were highly expressed in LIHC. In 47 samples from 366 LIHC patients, the ING family genes were altered at a rate of 13%. By comprehensively analyzing the expression, clinical pathological parameters and prognostic value of ING family genes, ING1/5 was identified. ING1/5 was related to poor prognosis of LIHC, suggesting that they may play key roles in LIHC tumorigenesis and progression. One of the target miRNAs of ING1 was identified as hsa-miR-214-3p. Two upstream lncRNAs of hsa-miR-214-3p, U91328.1, and HCG17, were identified. At the same time, we found that the expression of ING family genes was correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes. CONCLUSION: This study lays a foundation for further research on the potential mechanism and clinical value of ING family genes in the treatment and prognosis of LIHC.

Identification of Two Linear Epitopes on MGF_110-13L Protein of African Swine Fever Virus with Monoclonal Antibodies.

African swine fever caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an acute, highly contagious swine disease with high mortality. To facilitate effective vaccine development and find more serodiagnostic targets, fully exploring the ASFV antigenic proteins is urgently needed. In this study, the MGF_110-13L was identified as an immunodominant antigen among the seven transmembrane proteins. The main outer-membrane domain of MGF_110-13L was expressed and purified. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; 8C3, and 10E4) against MGF_110-13L were generated. The epitopes of two mAbs were preliminary mapped with the peptide fusion proteins after probing with mAbs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. And the two target epitopes were fine-mapped using further truncated peptide fusion protein strategy. Finally, the core sequences of mAbs 8C3 and 10E4 were identified as 48WDCQDGICKNKITESRFIDS67, and 122GDHQQLSIKQ131, respectively. The peptides of epitopes were synthesized and probed with ASFV antibody positive pig sera by a dot blot assay, and the results showed that epitope 10E4 was an antigenic epitope. The epitope 10E4 peptide was further evaluated as a potential antigen for detecting ASFV antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antigenic epitope information on the antigenic MGF_110-13L protein of ASFV.

Enhancing the performance of electrorheological fluids by structure design.

By incorporating polar fibers into the design of electrorheological (ER) fluids, a 130% performance improvement can be achieved with the addition of only 0.8 vol% of polar long fibers. We quantitatively analyzed the impact of relatively long fibers on improving ER performance by measuring the yield stress, shear stress, and current density after adding fibers. Both optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe and analyze the interaction between ER particles and polar fibers. The results indicate that, under the influence of an electric field, the fibers transform the one-dimensional chain-like structure into a two-dimensional mesh structure, greatly improving the ER performance. The transformation of structure induced by the polar fibers in the ER fluids amplifies the ER effect. However, the inclusion of non-polar fibers does not contribute to this enhancement, as a point of comparison. Moreover, to ensure the universality of this method, we used two different types of ER fluids in experiments. The utilization of this method offers a straightforward, environmentally friendly, and highly effective approach. Furthermore, this study provides a novel technical solution aimed at enhancing the performance of ER fluids.

Ratiometric fluorescent determination of sulfadimethoxine in foods based on a dual-emission metal-organic framework.

Ratiometric fluorescence detection is endowed with higher accuracy than single fluorescence signal assay. In this work, we construct a ratiometric fluorescence probe for the facile quantification of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in foods. By wrapping N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), the nanocomposite of N-CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 is facilely prepared and emits two fluorescence including 475 nm from N-CDs and 650 nm from AuNCs. Since bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the stabilizer of AuNCs, SDM can form a complex with BSA, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs at 650 nm by a static quenching mechanism. In contrast, SDM has a rare influence on the fluorescence of N-CDs (475 nm). As a result, the use of the probe of N-CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 for SDM detection enables simultaneous measurement of response signal and reference signal. Under the optimal condition, the SDM assay based on the probe has a good linear relationship within 10 to 2 × 106 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) is low to 1.064 ng/mL. In addition, the fluorescent probe shows good reliability for the detection of SDM in practical food samples.

Asymmetric total synthesis of polycyclic xanthenes and discovery of a WalK activator active against MRSA.

The development of new antibiotics continues to pose challenges, particularly considering the growing threat of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Structurally diverse natural products provide a promising source of antibiotics. Herein, we outline a concise approach for the collective asymmetric total synthesis of polycyclic xanthene myrtucommulone D and five related congeners. The strategy involves rapid assembly of the challenging benzopyrano[2,3-a]xanthene core, highly diastereoselective establishment of three contiguous stereocenters through a retro-hemiketalization/double Michael cascade reaction, and a Mitsunobu-mediated chiral resolution approach with high optical purity and broad substrate scope. Quantum mechanical calculations provide insight into stereoselective construction mechanism of the three contiguous stereocenters. Additionally, this work leads to the discovery of an antibacterial agent against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant S. aureus. This compound operates through a unique mechanism that promotes bacterial autolysis by activating the two-component sensory histidine kinase WalK. Our research holds potential for future antibacterial drug development.

Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of Sanghuangporus vaninii mycelia and fruiting bodies at different harvest stages.

Sanghuangprous vaninii is a medicinal macrofungus cultivated extensively in China. Both the mycelia and fruiting bodies of S. vaninii have remarkable therapeutic properties, but it remains unclear whether the mycelia may serve as a substitute for the fruiting bodies. Furthermore, S. vaninii is a perennial fungus with therapeutic components that vary significantly depending on the growing year of the fruiting bodies. Hence, it is critical to select an appropriate harvest stage for S. vaninii fruiting bodies for a specific purpose. With the aid of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS) was used to preliminarily determine 81 key active metabolites and 157 active pharmaceutical metabolites in S. vaninii responsible for resistance to the six major diseases. To evaluate the substitutability of the mycelia and fruiting bodies of S. vaninii and to select an appropriate harvest stage for the fruiting bodies of S. vaninii, we analyzed the metabolite differences, especially active metabolite differences, among the mycelia and fruiting bodies during three different harvest stages (1-year-old, 2-year-old, and 3-year-old). Moreover, we also determined the most prominent and crucial metabolites in each sample of S. vaninii. These results suggested that the mycelia show promise as a substitute for the fruiting bodies of S. vaninii and that extending the growth year does not necessarily lead to higher accumulation levels of active metabolites in the S. vaninii fruiting bodies. This study provided a theoretical basis for developing and using S. vaninii.

PDIA3 orchestrates effector T cell program by serving as a chaperone to facilitate the non-canonical nuclear import of STAT1 and PKM2.

Dysregulated T cell activation underpins the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the machineries that orchestrate T cell effector program remain incompletely understood. Herein, we leveraged bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from RA patients and validated protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3) as a potential therapeutic target. PDIA3 is remarkably upregulated in pathogenic CD4 T cells derived from RA patients and positively correlates with C-reactive protein level and disease activity score 28. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PDIA3 alleviates RA-associated articular pathology and autoimmune responses. Mechanistically, T cell receptor signaling triggers intracellular calcium flux to activate NFAT1, a process that is further potentiated by Wnt5a under RA settings. Activated NFAT1 then directly binds to the Pdia3 promoter to enhance the expression of PDIA3, which complexes with STAT1 or PKM2 to facilitate their nuclear import for transcribing T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 lineage-related genes, respectively. This non-canonical regulatory mechanism likely occurs under pathological conditions, as PDIA3 could only be highly induced following aberrant external stimuli. Together, our data support that targeting PDIA3 is a vital strategy to mitigate autoimmune diseases, such as RA, in clinical settings.

Enhancer demethylation-regulated gene score identified molecular subtypes, inspiring immunotherapy or CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The 5-year survival rate of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is approximately 20%. The prognosis and drug response exhibit substantial heterogeneity in ESCC, impeding progress in survival outcomes. Our goal is to identify a signature for tumour subtype classification, enabling precise clinical treatments. METHODS: Utilising pre-treatment multi-omics data from an ESCC dataset (n = 310), an enhancer methylation-eRNA-target gene regulation network was constructed and validated by in vitro experiments. Four machine learning methods collectively identified core target genes, establishing an Enhancer Demethylation-Regulated Gene Score (EDRGS) model for classification. The molecular function of EDRGS subtyping was explored in scRNA-seq (n = 60) and bulk-seq (n = 310), and the EDRGS's potential to predict treatment response was assessed in datasets of various cancer types. FINDINGS: EDRGS stratified ESCCs into EDRGS-high/low subtypes, with EDRGS-high signifying a less favourable prognosis in ESCC and nine additional cancer types. EDRGS-high exhibited an immune-hot but immune-suppressive phenotype with elevated immune checkpoint expression, increased T cell infiltration, and IFNγ signalling in ESCC, suggesting a better response to immunotherapy. Notably, EDRGS outperformed PD-L1 in predicting anti-PD-1/L1 therapy effectiveness in ESCC (n = 42), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC, n = 181), and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA, n = 348) cohorts. EDRGS-low showed a cell cycle-activated phenotype with higher CDK4 and/or CDK6 expression, demonstrating a superior response to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, validated in ESCC (n = 26), melanoma (n = 18), prostate cancer (n = 15) cells, and PDX models derived from patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 30). INTERPRETATION: Identification of EDRGS subtypes enlightens ESCC categorisation, offering clinical insights for patient management in immunotherapy (anti-PD-1/L1) and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy across cancer types. FUNDING: This study was supported by funding from the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2501000, 2020YFA0803300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82030089, 82188102), the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-1-018, 2022-I2M-2-001, 2021-I2M-1-067), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3332021091).

Identification and mechanism characterization of Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus XQ-29 with biocontrol ability against pepper southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.

Pepper southern blight, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, is a devastating soil-borne disease resulting in significant loss to pepper, Capsicum annuum L. production. Here, we isolated an antagonistic bacterial strain XQ-29 with antifungal activity against S. rolfsii from rhizospheric soil of pepper. Combining the morphological and biochemical characteristics with the 16S rDNA sequencing, XQ-29 was identified as Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus. It exhibited an inhibition of 96.83% against S. rolfsii and displayed significant inhibitory effects on Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora capsica and Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, XQ-29 significantly reduced the pepper southern blight by 100% and 70.42% during seedling and growth stages, respectively. The antifungal mechanism involved altering the mycelial morphology, disrupting cell wall and membrane integrity, accompanied by accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in S. rolfsii mycelia. Furthermore, XQ-29 promoted growth and stimulated resistance of pepper plants by increasing defense-related enzyme activities and upregulating defense-related genes. Correspondingly, XQ-29 harbors numerous functional biosynthesis gene clusters in its genome, including those for siderophores and melanin production. The metabolic constituents present in the ethyl acetate extracts, which exhibited an EC50 value of 85.48 ± 1.62 µg/mL, were identified using LC-MS. Overall, XQ-29 demonstrates significant potential as a biocontrol agent against southern blight disease.

Safety, efficacy, and survival outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUNDS: There is little evidence on the safety, efficacy, and survival benefit of restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with cancer after discontinuation due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) or progressive disease (PD). Here, we performed a meta-analysis to elucidate the possible benefits of ICI rechallenge in patients with cancer. METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and incidence of irAEs were the outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Thirty-six studies involving 2026 patients were analyzed. ICI rechallenge was associated with a lower incidence of all-grade (OR, 0.05; 95%CI, 0.02-0.13, P < .05) and high-grade irAEs (OR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.21-0.64, P < .05) when compared with initial ICI treatment. Though no significant difference was observed between rechallenge and initial treatment regarding ORR (OR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.39-1.20, P = .29) and DCR (OR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.51-1.40, P = 0.52), patients receiving rechallenge had improved PFS (HR, 0.56; 95%CI, 0.43-0.73, P < .05) and OS (HR, 0.55; 95%CI, 0.43-0.72, P < .05) than those who discontinued ICI therapy permanently. Subgroup analysis revealed that for patients who stopped initial ICI treatment because of irAEs, rechallenge showed similar safety and efficacy with initial treatment, while for patients who discontinued ICI treatment due to PD, rechallenge caused a significant increase in the incidence of high-grade irAEs (OR, 4.97; 95%CI, 1.98-12.5, P < .05) and a decrease in ORR (OR, 0.48; 95%CI, 0.24-0.95, P < .05). CONCLUSION: ICI rechallenge is generally an active and feasible strategy that is associated with relative safety, similar efficacy, and improved survival outcomes. Rechallenge should be considered individually with circumspection, and randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.

Integrative Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome of Broiler Intestine: Insights into the Mechanisms of Probiotic Action as an Antibiotic Substitute.

Antibiotic substitutes have become a research focus due to restrictions on antibiotic usage. Among the antibiotic substitutes on the market, probiotics have been extensively researched and used. However, the mechanism by which probiotics replace antibiotics remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate this mechanism by comparing the effects of probiotics and antibiotics on broiler growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition. Results shown that both probiotics and antibiotics increased daily weight gain and reduced feed conversion rate in broilers. Analysis of ileum and cecum microorganisms via 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that both interventions decreased intestinal microbial diversity. Moreover, the abundance of Bacteroides increased in the mature ileum, while that of Erysipelatoclostridium decreased in the cecum in response to both probiotics and antibiotics. The main metabolites of probiotics and antibiotics in the intestine were found to be organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, which might play comparable roles in growth performance. Furthermore, disaccharides and trisaccharides may be essential components in the ileum that enable probiotics to replace antibiotics. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the use of probiotics as antibiotic substitutes in broiler breeding.

Using laparoscope to remove an ectopic intrauterine device in the anterior wall of urinary bladder: A case report.

BACKGROUND: An intrauterine device (IUD) is a contraceptive device placed in the uterine cavity and is a common contraceptive method for Chinese women. However, an IUD may cause complications due to placement time, intrauterine pressure and other factors. Ectopic IUDs are among the most serious complications. Ectopic IUDs are common in the myometrium and periuterine organs, and there are few reports of ectopic IUDs in the urinary bladder, especially in the anterior wall. CASE SUMMARY: A 52-year-old woman was hospitalized due to a urinary bladder foreign body found via abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) examination. The patient had a 2-year history of recurrent abdominal distension and lower abdominal pain, accompanied by frequent urination, urgency, dysuria and other discomfort. Ultrasound examination revealed foreign bodies in the bladder cavity, with calculus on the surface of the foreign bodies. CT revealed a circular foreign body on the anterior wall of the urinary bladder, suggesting the possibility of an ectopic IUD. After laparoscopic exploration, an annular IUD was found in the anterior wall of urinary bladder, and an oval calculus with a diameter of approximately 2 cm was attached to the surface of the bladder cavity. The IUD and calculus were successfully and completely removed. The patient recovered well after surgery. CONCLUSION: Abdominal ultrasound and CT are effective methods for detecting ectopic IUDs. The IUD is located in the urinary bladder and requires early surgical treatment. The choice of surgical method is determined by comprehensively considering the depth of the IUD in the bladder muscle layer, the situation of complicated calculus, the situation of intravesical inflammation and medical technology and equipment.

Green and Efficient Extraction of Phenolic Components from Plants with Supramolecular Solvents: Experimental and Theoretical Studies.

The supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) has garnered significant attention as an innovative, efficient, and environmentally friendly solvent for the effective extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from natural resources. However, research on the use of a SUPRAS for the extraction of phenolic compounds from plants, which are highly valued in food products due to their exceptional antioxidant properties, remains scarce. The present study developed a green, ultra-sound-assisted SUPRAS method for the simultaneous determination of three phenolic acids in Prunella vulgaris using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental parameters were meticulously optimized. The efficiency and antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds obtained using different extraction methods were also compared. Under optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency of the SUPRAS, prepared with octanoic acid reverse micelles dispersed in ethanol-water, significantly exceeded that of conventional organic solvents. Moreover, the SUPRAS method demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images revealed the spherical droplet structure of the SUPRAS, characterized by a well-defined circular fluorescence position, which coincided with the position of the phenolic acids. The phenolic acids were encapsulated within the SUPRAS droplets, indicating their efficient extraction capacity. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations combined with CLSM supported the proposed method's mechanism and theoretically demonstrated the superior extraction performance of the SUPRAS. In contrast to conventional methods, the higher extraction efficiency of the SUPRAS can be attributed to the larger solvent contact surface area, the formation of more types of hydrogen bonds between the extractants and the supramolecular solvents, and stronger, more stable interaction forces. The results of the theoretical studies corroborate the experimental outcomes.