ABSTRACT
Almost every quantum circuit is built with two-qubit gates in the current stage, which are crucial to the quantum computing in any platform. The entangling gates based on Mølmer-Sørensen schemes are widely exploited in the trapped-ion system, with the utilization of the collective motional modes of ions and two laser-controlled internal states, which are served as qubits. The key to realize high-fidelity and robust gates is the minimization of the entanglement between the qubits and the motional modes under various sources of errors after the gate operation. In this work, we propose an efficient numerical method to search high-quality solutions for phase-modulated pulses. Instead of directly optimizing a cost function, which contains the fidelity and the robustness of the gates, we convert the problem to the combination of linear algebra and the solution to quadratic equations. Once a solution with the gate fidelity of 1 is found, the laser power can be further reduced while searching on the manifold where the fidelity remains 1. Our method largely overcomes the problem of the convergence and is shown to be effective up to 60 ions, which suffices the need of the gate design in current trapped-ion experiments.
ABSTRACT
AIM To investigate the distribution of volatile components and inorganic elements from Vernonia amygdalina Del..METHODS Volatile components and inorganic elements in different parts of V.amygdalina were analyzed and measured by HS-SPME-GC-MS and ICP-OES techniques.RESULTS Forty-four,sixty-seven,fifty-seven chemical compounds were identified from the root,stem and leaves of V.amygdalina,accounting for 83.9％,92.0％,83.9％ of the volatile components,respectively.Nineteen inorganic elements in total were detected,and the contents of As,Be,Bi,Co were too low to detect;The three inorganic elements with the highest content in root,stem and leaves were Mg,Al and Fe.CONCLUSION There are abundant volatile components and inorganic elements in V.amygdalina,with varying distribution in its different parts.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of triterpenoids from Lantana camara Linn. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS. Their structures were i-dentified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as lantadene A (1), lantadene B (2), oleanonic acid (3), lupeol acetate (4), 3β-acetyloleanolic acid (5), oleanolic acid (6), 3-O-acetyl pomolic acid(7), 3β, 25-epoxy-3α, 21α-dihydroxy-22β-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid (8), betulinic acid (9), 2α, 3α, 19-trihy-droxy-12-en-28-ursolic acid(10), 22-oxo-3β, 24-dihydroxyolean-12-ene(11). CONCLUSION: Compounds 4, 5, 7-11 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Tamarix chinensis. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Results: Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as tamarixetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (1), tamarixetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (2), rutin (3), 5, 7, 3′, 5′-tetrahydroxy-6, 4′-dimethoxyflavone (4), quercetin-7, 3′, 4′-trimethyl ether (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (6), apigenin (7), rhamnocitrin (8), kaempferol (9), quercetin (10), tamarixetin (11), betulinic acid (12), 2α, 3β-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (13), β-amyrin acetate (14), and 2α, 3β, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (15). Conclusion: Compounds 1-7 and 13-15 are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 13 and 15 are isolated from this genus for the first time.
