[Kinesthetic brain evoked potentials in schizophrenia]. / Kinesteticheskie vyzvannye potentsialy mozga pri shizofrenii.

Cortical kinesthetic evoked potentials (KEPs) of the brain to passive radiocarpal flexion of the hand in 16 schizophrenic patients with catatonic syndrome have been studied. Significant changes of amplitude and time parameters of the early components of the KERs were shown in patients being in the catatonic substupor state, as well as normalization of these parameters after the disappearance of catatonic symptoms. It is suggested that the phenomenon of excessive exitation of corpus striatum leads to irritation of motor zones of cerebral cortex regulating the processes of proprioceptive information transmission in the kinesthetic analyzer, which is accompanied by sensory projections blockade, is the basis of substuporous states.

[The cerebral control of the somatosensory and auditory afferent projections to the cerebral cortex in man and animals]. / Tserebral'nyi kontrol' somatosensornykh i slukhovykh afferentnykh proektsii k kore golovnogo mozga u cheloveka i zhivotnykh.

The main purpose of the present paper was consisted in studying of topology (spreading) of the somatosensory and auditory projections in cortex of both brain hemispheres in humans under different functional states conditions: during quiet walking state and during realization of the meditative programme. At the same time for the purpose of verification these steering mechanisms a number of experiments were realized in animals with neurosurgical cutting of brainstem ascending projections, which control the transfer of somatosensory and auditory sensibility. Experimental study was realized with two groups of subjects--8 subjects (age from 25 to 35 years old) and 25 (age from 25 to 40 years old) subjects practicing technique of Transcendental Meditation (TM). In addition to the mentioned above group some groups of animals were used in the experiments. Among them there were used the groups of monkeys (8 macaque rhesus and macaque nemestrina) and cats (10 animals) in conditions of acute experiment, under tiopenthal anesthesia. Two experimental methods were used in the study: electrophysiological for subjects and neurosurgical, additionally for animals. For evaluation of the brain reactivity in subjects registration of the somatosensory, to median nerve stimulation, and auditory, to bilateral application of auditory clicks, evoked potentials (EPs) in the symmetrical cortical structures of the brain was used. Registration of the somatosensory and auditory evoked potentials in animals was realized not only from the cortex, but from the brainstem somatosensory and auditory structures. SSEP in subjects-meditators were registered before and during meditation programme. In animals SSEP and AEP registration on the corresponding stimuli realized before and after neurosurgical operation--section of the midbrain tegmentum. Specific alterations of the early (up to 80 ms) and late components SSEP and AEP complexes in forms of topology spreading and diminution of registration areas of these components were obtained during the meditation. Origins of these functional reorganization are discussed from the positions of internal 'feed-back' inhibition.

[The cerebral control of afferent somatosensory projections]. / Tserebral'nyi kontrol' afferentnykh somatosensornykh proektsii.

Cortical and dorsal column nuclei somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) induced by electrical stimulation of the median nerve were recorded and analysed in 16 healthy volunteers practising transcendental meditation (TM) for two years. The records were performed before and during TM. The SEP changes during TM consisted of an increase in early SEP components amplitude. There were no changes in early SEP components peak latencies during TM.

[The dynamics of somatosensory and visual evoked potentials as a correlate of reversible states of altered consciousness]. / Dinamika somatosensornykh i zritel'nykh vyzvannykh potentsialov kak korreliat obratimykh sostoianii izmennogo soznaniia.

Somatosensory and visual evoked potentials (EPs) of the brain of 17 sensitive subjects (extrasenses) and 12 ordinary healthy subjects were studied. It was found that during extrasensory activity (direct impact, meditation) in comparison to rest values, the amplitude of intermediate and late components of visual and somatosensory EPs of both hemispheres and early components of somatosensory EPs of ipsilateral in relation to stimulation hemisphere diminished 2-4--fold. There was a recovery of these components after discontinuation of extrasensory activity. It is shown that ordinary subjects could not change their EPs when they tried their best to decrease EPs. It is shown that ordinary subjects could not change their EPs when they tried their best to decrease EPs. It is suggested that the ability of extrasenses for reversible changes of their mind by direct adjustment of the activity of the ascending nonspecific systems of the brain and by alterations of interhemispheric relations forms the basis of extrasensory activity.

[Unilateral epilepsy and the asymmetry of postepileptic sleep]. / Unilateral'naia épilepsiia i asimmetriia postépilepticheskogo sna.

In the paper the analysis is given of "penicillin" epilepsy in animals (cats) in conditions of different forms of deafferentation of one of the halves of the fore brain. It is shown, that in conditions of combined section of one half of the operculum of the midbrain and commissural systems of the endbrain, diencephalon and midbrain, under large doses of penicillin, unilateral convulsive activity is recorded in summate electrical activity of one of the brain halves at the side of the midbrain lesion. After the completion of unilateral organization of the epileptic process an asymmetrical sleep takes place: at the side, at which epileptiform activity was recorded, a more deep phase of the sleep appears than in the opposite brain half.

[Participation of the thalamic reticular nucleus in the shaping of the interrelations of the mesencephalic reticular formation and the lateral geniculate body]. / Uchastie retikuliarnogo iadra tamalusa v formirovanii vzaimootnoshenii mezéntsefalicheskoi retikuliarnoi formatsii i naruzhnogo kolenchatogo tela.

On the awake rabbits and cats under nembutal anesthesia it has been shown that the reticular nucleus of the thalamus takes considerable part in the formation of reticulogeniculate response of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) to electrostimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation. It is assumed that the reticular nucleus of the thalamus takes basic part in a realization of "rapid" physical influences of the reticular formation on the LGB.

[Reorganization of the lateral geniculate body after deafferentation (experimento-morphologic research)]. / Reorganizatsiia naruzhnogo kolenchatogo tela mozga posle deafferentatsii (éksperimental'no-morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

One year after surgical section of the optical tract, the degenerative changes were found in the deafferented lateral geniculate bodies (LGB). The changes were species-dependent. In cats, the cytoarchitectonics was preserved, local neuronal losses and layers thinning absent. In night-active apes, with cytoarchitectonic image preserved and focal neuron necrosis absent, the layers were more substantially thinned. In apes with a primate-like LGB structure pattern, the extended zones of neurons degeneration were found in the layers. The most prominent deafferentation-induced structural LGB alterations were shown in the central vision projection zones.

[Extra-lemniscal afferent projections of dorsal spinal cord nuclei to the ventrobasal nuclear complex structure in the contralateral optic thalamus]. / Ekstralemniskovye afferentnye proektsii iader dorsal'nykh spinnogo mozga na struktury ventrobazal'nogo iadernogo kompleksa kontralateral'nogo zritel'nogo bugra.

It has been found that section of half the midbrain tegmentum in cats failed to prevent the afferent somatosensory projections from the foreleg to the ventrobasal nuclear complex of the contralateral thalamus. Specific evoked responses to the stimulation of the contralateral foreleg were recorded in this structure. These specific EP have the same latency as "lemniscal responses" (4-5 ms) and diminish the amplitude and duration of both components of the responses. Simultaneously, we have observed terminal axonal degeneration into the ventrobasal nuclear complex of the thalamus 5-7 days after the section of the contralateral midbrain tegmentum, using the electron microscopy method. All the results obtained indicate that the dorsal column nuclei have extra-lemniscal afferent connections with ventrolateral nuclear complex of the contralateral thalamus. These connections ascend in the back parts of the brainstem ipsilaterally to the corresponding pair of the dorsal column nuclei and rostrally to the midbrain on the contralateral side.

[Formation of slow background activity in different parts of the visual analyzer following section of half the tectum mesencephali]. / Formirovanie medlennoi fonovoi aktivnosti razlichnykh otdelov zritel'nogo analizatora pri pererezke poloviny pokryshki srednego mozga.

Significant changes in the formation of electrical activity rhythms have been revealed in the lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus and visual cortex during section of one half of midbrain operculum in cats anesthetized with nembutal. It was determined that all changes in slow activity generation in the lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus are reflected in changes in the formation of electrical activity of the visual cortex. It is suggested that lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus may be involved in the generation of some electrical activity rhythms of the visual cortex.

[Asymmetry of the electroencephalographic manifestations of REM and slow-wave sleep in the cat]. / Asimmetriia élektroentsefalograficheskikh proiavlenii paradoksal'nogo i medlennovolnovogo sna u koshek.

Studies were carried out on cats by bipolar electrodes implanted into symmetrical points of somatosensory cortical areas, caudate nuclei, hippocampus, lateral geniculate bodies, reticular formation of the midbrain after section of the half of midbrain tegmentum and commissural systems of the brain. Animals with sections usually have asymmetry of sleep EEG. The phenomenon is revealed of the coexistence of slow-wave and paradoxal sleep in different brain halves.

[Tonic inhibitory effect of the cat brain on spinal interneurons]. / Tonicheskoe tormoznoe vliianie bol'shikh polusharii golovnogo mozga koshki na spinal'nye interneirony.

Cord dorsum potentials were recorded in the acute experiments on cats. The relationship between the N-component of the cord dorsum potentials and the strength of stimulation of the big femoral nerve was studied. After the transsection of the half of midbrain tegmentum the increased curve slope indicating the rise in cord interneuron excitability was mainly observed on the contralateral side. The same results were observed after the removal of the contralateral somatosensory cortex or contralateral section of midbrain basis. The data indicate the tonic inhibitory influence of cortical structures on cord interneurons, which participate in the transmission of somatosensory signals.