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This paper introduces the historical development, training contents, the inspection mechanism and management regulations of obstetrics and gynecology residents training in Taiwan region, China. Drawing lessons from the experience and ideas of the standardized residency training system of obstetrics and gynecology in Taiwan region, combined with the present situation and deficiencies of the training system in the mainland China, this paper puts forward constructive suggestions for the standardized residency training of obstetrics and gynecology, so as to obtain more efficient and satisfactory training results and provide ideas for cultivating excellent obstetrics and gynecology specialists in mainland China.
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ObjectivesCOVID-19 has caused a large global pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited considerable variation in disease behavior. Pervious genome-wide association studies have identified potential genetic variants involved in the risk and prognosis of COVID-19, but the underlying biological interpretation remains largely unclear. MethodsWe applied the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method to identify genes that were pleiotropically associated with the risk and various outcomes of COVID-19, including severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19. ResultsIn blood, we identified 2 probes, ILMN_1765146 and ILMN_1791057 tagging IFNAR2, that showed pleiotropic association with hospitalized COVID-19 ({beta} [SE] = 0.42 [0.09], P = 4.75x10-06 and {beta} [SE] = -0.48 [0.11], P = 6.76x10-06, respectively). Although no other probes were significant after correction for multiple testing in both blood and lung, multiple genes as tagged by the top 5 probes were involved in inflammation or antiviral immunity, and several other tagged genes, such as PON2 and HPS5, were involved in blood coagulation. ConclusionsWe identified IFNAR2 and other potential genes that could be involved in the susceptibility or prognosis of COVID-19. These findings provide important leads to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cytokine storm and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 and potential therapeutic targets for the effective treatment of COVID-19.
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Objective To set up traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats by the improved device of FEENEY ’s weight dropping model and to ex?plore the spirit behavioral changes of mental disorders caused by TBI. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group(normal group,n=10),traumatic brain injury group(TBI group,n=10)and sham group(n=10). The improved device of FEENEY’s method was ad?opted to establish rat TBI model. For the following 15 days after TBI,open?field(OF)and forced swimming(FS)tests were carried out and the be?havior of the TBI rats within 5 minutes were recorded,the behavioral indexes,such as distance moved total(DMT),velocity mean(VM)and immo?bility time total(ITT),were analyzed. With above experiments,rats' fear response to environment,high alertness and anxiety and depression be?havior were evaluated. Results DMT and VM of TBI group rats(1 228.10±204.97 cm,4.09±0.68 cm/s)were significantly lower than those of the normal group(2 022.32±280.92 cm,7.28±1.80 cm/s)or sham group(1 660.01±332.09 cm,5.53±1.10 cm/s)(P<0.05).The ITT of TBI group (149.88±27.36 s,P<0.05)was longer than that of the normal group(106.10±29.03 s)or sham group(120.55±22.31 s)significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion TBI leads to rats' abnormal emotional and behavioral response.
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Objective To explore the correlation between the glucose variability and the severity of acute isolated traumatic brain injury(TBI). Method According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria,a total of 125 cases of acute isolated TBI admitted in Department of Neurosurgery of China Medical University from July 2012 to June 2015 were included. According to Glasgow coma scale(GSC),the patients were divided into five groups including control(GCS 15),mild(GCS 13?14),moderate(GCS 9?12),severe(GCS 6?8),and extra?severe(GCS 3?5)groups. Blood glucose control(including relief of the stress and the application of insulin)were carried out immediately. The average,standard deviation,and variation co?efficient of blood glucose of all groups were recorded at admission,48 hours and 3?7 days after hospitalization. The clinical records and glycemic in?dex were compared among different groups and during different periods,so as to analyze the relationship of the variability of glucose and the duration of hyperglycemia with the severity of TBI and the effects of glycemic intensive care management. Results The results of Kruskal Wallis test and Mann?Whitney Utest showed that the average,standard deviation,and variation coefficient of glucose in the extra?severe group and the severe group were statistically higher than those in the control group(P1). Conclusion The glucose variability in acute isolated TBI patients could be considered as the index of the severity of TBI.
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Objective To explore the effects of protein kinase C alpha(PKC?) cDNA on the expression of genes of multidrug resistance (MDR) in renal cell carcinoma(RCC) 786-0 cell line.Methods LR/BR recombination reactions were used to generate mammalian expression vectors of PKC? cDNA with C-terminal fused green fluorescent protein(GFP),and vectors were transfected into human RCC cell with Lipofectimine 2000.Western blot method and inverted fluorescent microscope were used to determine the expression of PKC? in RCC cells transfected by PKC? cDNA.RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of MDR-related genes MDR1,MRP1 and LRP in RCC cells transfected by PKC? cDNA.Results After transfection of 786-0 cells with pcDNA-DEST47-PKC?-GFP vectors,the results of Western blot showed that PKC? was highly expressed in human RCC 786-0 cells;and inverted fluorescent microscopy showed that GFP was highly expressed in RCC 786-0 cells.The results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of MDR1 was higher in RCC cells transfected by PKC? cDNA than in RCC cells.Conclusions The expression of MDR1 mRNA in 786-0 cell line can be up-regulated by PKC? cDNA,which suggests PKC? cDNA can induce the increase of MDR in renal cell carcinoma.
