ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In the Community of Madrid since 2005 vaccination against pneumococcus in adults from 60 years of age has been carried out with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). In January 2018, the guideline changed in favor of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The objective of this study was to analyze the data of pneumococcal vaccination and to evaluate the implementation of the new guideline of vaccination against pneumococcus in adults in the Community of Madrid. METHODS: Cross-sectional study to estimate vaccine coverage by a retrospective review of the record of vaccination history of people ≥60 years resident in the Community of Madrid. RESULTS: In the Community of Madrid until 2018, 83% of the population were vaccinated with PPV23, 6% with PCV13 and 11% with both vaccines. 96.5% came from Primary Care records. The doses administered of PCV13 surpassed those of PPV23 in ≥60 years in all age groups. 78,660 people ≥60 years were vaccinated with PCV13 (19.5% without risk factors, 67.3% with chronic diseases, 2.5% of the high-risk group and 10.7% belonging to both groups). CONCLUSIONS: In 2018, following Community of Madrid recommendations, 6,639 people were not properly vaccinated with PCV13 and 72,021 (91.6%) were properly vaccinated. The greatest confusion occurred in people ≥60 years without risk factors who had a previous PPV23 and did not require another vaccine but received a PCV13 without complying with the recommended schedule.
Subject(s)
Pneumococcal Infections , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Spain , VaccinationABSTRACT
Obtener datos epidemiológicos de lasamigdalectomías realizadas durante dos años quirúrgicos en el Hospital Nacional de Clínicas. Valorar la incidencia entre la técnica quirúrgica empleada y el gradode dolor postoperatorio. Relacionar la técnica quirúrgica con el dolor postoperatorio y la incorporación de ladieta.Material y método: Se realizó un estudioprospectivo, utilzando el método estadístico, que incluyó a 10 pacientes de ambos sexos, de 14 a 56 años deedad, amigdalectomizados en el Hospital Nacional de Clínicas de Córdoba -Argentina -con técnica de Danielso decolación y utilzación de Ansa, en el periodo comprendido entre marzo del 2010 y abril del 2012.(AU)
Get epidemiological data oftonsilectomy surgery performed for two years in theNational Clinical Hospital.Ases whether there is arelationship betwen surgical technique and the degreof postoperative pain. Relate surgical technique with thereturn of the diet.Materials and methods A prospective study wasperformed using the statistical method, which included10 patients of both sexes aged 14 to 56 years old,tonsilectomy in the National Clinical Hospital of Cordoba- Argentina, with Daniels technique, or parietal peritoneumand using Ansa ,in the period betwen March 2010 and April 2012.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tonsillitis/surgery , Tonsillectomy , Tonsillectomy/rehabilitation , PainABSTRACT
Obtener datos epidemiológicos de lasamigdalectomías realizadas durante dos años quirúrgicos en el Hospital Nacional de Clínicas. Valorar la incidencia entre la técnica quirúrgica empleada y el gradode dolor postoperatorio. Relacionar la técnica quirúrgica con el dolor postoperatorio y la incorporación de ladieta.Material y método: Se realizó un estudioprospectivo, utilzando el método estadístico, que incluyó a 10 pacientes de ambos sexos, de 14 a 56 años deedad, amigdalectomizados en el Hospital Nacional de Clínicas de Córdoba -Argentina -con técnica de Danielso decolación y utilzación de Ansa, en el periodo comprendido entre marzo del 2010 y abril del 2012.
Get epidemiological data oftonsilectomy surgery performed for two years in theNational Clinical Hospital.Ases whether there is arelationship betwen surgical technique and the degreof postoperative pain. Relate surgical technique with thereturn of the diet.Materials and methods A prospective study wasperformed using the statistical method, which included10 patients of both sexes aged 14 to 56 years old,tonsilectomy in the National Clinical Hospital of Cordoba- Argentina, with Daniels technique, or parietal peritoneumand using Ansa ,in the period betwen March 2010 and April 2012.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pain , Tonsillectomy , Tonsillectomy/rehabilitation , Tonsillitis/surgeryABSTRACT
La varicela es la enfermedad primaria causada porel virus varicela-zoster. Es muy contagiosa y frecuenteen niños. En ausencia de vacunación, la mayoríade la población la padece. Objetivo: describir lasituación de la varicela en la Comunidad de Madriddurante los años 2002 a 2005 a través de la Red deMédicos Centinela de la Comunidad de Madrid.Fuente de datos: Red de médicos Centinela de laComunidad de Madrid, que recoge casos de varicelade forma individualizada, desde 2002 a 2005. Se calcularonlas incidencias acumuladas semanales, tasasde incidencia cruda y estandarizada y tasas específicaspor grupos de edad, para cada año, de varicela.Las tasas estandarizadas de incidencia anual devaricela oscilaron entre 587,1 y 1239,6 casos por100000 personas-año, con una notable disminuciónde la incidencia en el año 2005. La mayoría de loscasos se dio en niños. Se observó una periodicidadanual. La forma más frecuente de exposición es elcontacto con otro caso de varicela, y lugar de exposiciónmás común, la guardería o el colegio.En ausencia de vacunación, la incidencia de varicelano ha sufrido cambios significativos en los últimosaños, a excepción del descenso en el año2005. Son necesarios más estudios para determinarla causa de dicho descenso y para evaluar la efectividadde la vacunación contra la varicela. Las redesde médicos centinela son un instrumento válido parala vigilancia de enfermedades como la varicela
Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary disease causedby varicella-zoster virus. It is extremely contagiousand is frequent in children. Indeed, in the absence ofvaccination, most of the population is liable to contractit. The aim of this study is to describe the status for varicellain the Madrid Autonomous Region through theSentinel Practice Network, since 2002 to 2005.Data source: individualised varicella case recordskept by the Madrid Autonomous Region SentinelPractice Network for the period 2002-2005. Cumulativeincidences, crude and standardised incidencerates, and age-specific rates of varicella were calculatedfor each year.Standardised annual varicella incidence rates rangedfrom 587.1 to 1239.6 cases per 100 000 personyears.Most cases affected children. Varicella incidencedisplayed an annual periodicity. The most frequentexposure was the contact with other chickenpoxcases, and the most common place of exposurewas school.In the absence of vaccination, no significant changesin varicella incidence were in evidence recentyears, except the decrease in 2005. Further studiesare needed to assess such decrease and to assessvaccination efficacy. Sentinel practice networks area valid instrument for surveillance of diseases suchas varicella
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Chickenpox/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Herpesvirus 3, Human/pathogenicity , Chickenpox Vaccine/administration & dosage , Epidemiological Monitoring , Age Distribution , Sentinel SurveillanceABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The frequency of tuberculosis infection, particularly among children, indicates the magnitude of the disease reservoir. The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in children in the Autonomous Community of Madrid and its association with social class. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a cross sectional study of 6-year-old schoolchildren living in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, selected through probabilistic sampling. From September 1999 through June 2000, information was collected on residence stratum, tuberculin test (positivity threshold 5 mm), social class (five categories), based on the occupation of the main earner in the family, and the formal education attained by the parents. We calculated 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence estimates according to a Poisson distribution. RESULTS: A total of 2,721 children were studied. The prevalence of tuberculosis infection for the total study population was 0.62% (95% CI: 0.29-0.95). The prevalence of tuberculosis infection was 0.42% (95% CI: 0.00-0.85) in social class I (the highest), 0.00% (95% CI: 0.00-1.17) in class II, 0.77% (95% CI: 0.00-1.86) in class III, 0.62% (95% CI: 0.00-1.32) in class IV, and 1.57% (95% CI: 0.00-3.40) in class V (the lowest). In both fathers and mothers, the highest prevalence of tuberculosis infection was found in the group that had only completed elementary school or basic general education (up to the age of 14). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the Autonomous Community of Madrid is similar to that in others areas of Spain. The results of our study are consistent with a lower prevalence in the higher socioeconomic groups.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Poisson Distribution , Prevalence , Sampling Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Introducción La frecuencia de infección tuberculosa, sobre todo en población infantil, indica la magnitud del reservorio de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue medir la prevalencia de infección tuberculosa en niños de la Comunidad de Madrid y su asociación con la clase social de pertenencia. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal de los niños de 6 años escolarizados y residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid, seleccionados mediante muestreo probabilístico. Entre septiembre y junio de 2000, se obtuvo información sobre estrato de residencia, resultado de la prueba de la tuberculina (umbral de positividad de 5 mm), clase social (en 5 categorías) estimada por la ocupación del sustentador principal del hogar, y los estudios realizados por el padre y por la madre. Se realizaron estimaciones al 95 % de confianza (IC 95 %) a partir de una distribución de Poisson. Resultados Se han estudiado 2.721 niños. La prevalencia de infección tuberculosa en el total de la población de estudio fue 0,62 % (IC 95 %: 0,29-0,95). Por clase social, la prevalencia ha sido 0,42 % (IC 95 %: 0,00-0,85) en la clase I (la más alta), 0,00 % (IC 95 %: 0,00-1,17) en la clase II, 0,77 % (IC 95 %: 0,00-1,86) en la clase III, 0,62 % (IC 95 %: 0,00-1,32) en la clase IV, y 1,57 % (IC 95 %: 0,00-3,40) en la clase V (la más baja). En los padres y madres, la prevalencia de infección tuberculosa más elevada correspondió al grupo que ha completado el bachiller elemental/EGB. Conclusiones La prevalencia de infección tuberculosa en la Comunidad de Madrid es similar a la observada en otras zonas de España. Los resultados son consistentes con una menor prevalencia en los grupos con nivel socioeconómico más elevado
Introduction The frequency of tuberculosis infection, particularly among children, indicates the magnitude of the disease reservoir. The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in children in the Autonomous Community of Madrid and its association with social class. Material and methods We performed a cross sectional study of 6-year-old schoolchildren living in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, selected through probabilistic sampling. From September 1999 through June 2000, information was collected on residence stratum, tuberculin test (positivity threshold 5 mm), social class (five categories), based on the occupation of the main earner in the family, and the formal education attained by the parents. We calculated 95 % confidence intervals for the prevalence estimates according to a Poisson distribution. Results A total of 2,721 children were studied. The prevalence of tuberculosis infection for the total study population was 0.62 % (95 % CI: 0.29-0.95). The prevalence of tuberculosis infection was 0.42 % (95 % CI: 0.00-0.85) in social class I (the highest), 0.00 % (95 % CI: 0.00-1.17) in class II, 0.77 % (95 % CI: 0.00-1.86) in class III, 0.62 % (95 % CI: 0.00-1.32) in class IV, and 1.57 % (95 % CI: 0.00-3.40) in class V (the lowest). In both fathers and mothers, the highest prevalence of tuberculosis infection was found in the group that had only completed elementary school or basic general education (up to the age of 14). Conclusions The prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the Autonomous Community of Madrid is similar to that in others areas of Spain. The results of our study are consistent with a lower prevalence in the higher socioeconomic groups
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Poisson Distribution , Prevalence , Selection Bias , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the results of a national pharmacovigilance study on Implanon, a contraceptive implant containing 68 mg of etonogestrel. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This survey concerns cases of pregnancies (contraception failures), of migrations and of insertion or removal problems with Implanon reported to French Regional Drug Pharmacovigilance Centres and to Organon SA between May 2001 and September 2002. RESULTS: In France, 39 unintended pregnancies were reported over 17 months. The pregnancies were in 77% of cases (N = 30) due to an insertion technique error (implant not found when pregnancy has been diagnosed). For 3 patients (7,6%), pregnancy was due to a failure of etonogestrel contraceptive effect, explained twice by its association with an enzymatic inductor drug. For 4 patients (10%), pregnancy was due to an untimely insertion (insertion after day 5 of menstrual cycle or woman already pregnant). For two patients, no information was available. The incidence of reported pregnancies in France is estimated at 0.359 / 10(3) implants [0.246-0.482], in accordance with a typical Pearl Index of 0.06 [0.04-0.08]. Twenty-eight suspected migrations (N = 11), problems or failures in removal of the implant (N = 11) and insertion difficulties (N = 6) were notified, corresponding to an incidence of 0.257/10(3) implants [0.162-0.363]. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Occurrence of pregnancy is possible with Implanon, due to errors in the insertion technique (device not really inserted) or to a non-respect of the SPC recommendations (drug-drug interaction or untimely insertion). Insertion problems can lead to localisation problems (implant not visible by X-ray) then needing further tests and even harmful practice (removal under general anaesthesia). That is why a real and strict training is highly recommended to physicians.
