Prevalence of electrocardiographic alterations in athletes associated with cardiovascular risk parameters / Prevalencia de alteraciones electrocardiográficas en deportistas asociadas a parametros de riesgo cardiovascular

Sport induces cardiac adaptations that are manifested with specific electrocardiographic alterations. This study was carried out in view of the need to identify the relationship between these electrocardiographic alterations with cardiovascular and demographic variables and physical exercise performed. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study in 370 individuals, 211 men and 159 women (36 ± 13 years) that were distributed in three groups: male athletes, female athletes, and non-athlete men and women. Results: 51.08% of the studied subjects presented electrographic alterations, more frequent in athletes. Demographic and cardiovascular variables and the time of physical exercise performed were significantly associated with certain electrocardiographic alterations; the risk of presenting any of the alterations in athletes could be estimated based on the variables set out. Conclusion: There are associations between specific electrocardiographic alterations and cardiovascular, demographic and type of exercise variables that could classify athletes according to cardiovascular risk profiles (AU)

El deporte induce adaptaciones cardiacasque se manifiestan con alteraciones electrocardiográficas.Este estudio se realizóante la necesidad de identificar la relación existente entre estas alteraciones electrocardiográficas con variablescardiovasculares, demográficas y tiempo de ejerciciofísico. Metodología: estudio descriptivotrasversal en 370 individuos, 211 hombres y 159 mujeres (36 ±13 años)que se distribuyeron en tres grupos, hombres deportistas, mujeresdeportistas, yhombres y mujeres no deportistas.Resultados:El 51,08% de los sujetos estudiados presentaron alteraciones electrográficas, siendo más frecuentes en deportistas.Determinadas alteraciones electrocardiográficasen deportistas; se asociaron significativamente a las variables planteadaspudiendo estimar el riesgo de presentar alguna de las alteraciones electrocardiográficas en función de estas variables. Conclusión:Existen asociaciones entrealteraciones electrocardiográficas y variables cardiovasculares, demográficas y tiempo de ejercicio realizado que podrían clasificar a los deportistas según perfiles de riesgo cardiovascular (AU)

Colecistectomía en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria: resultados de la aplicación de una vía clínica / Cholecystectomy in major outpatient surgery: results of the application of a clinical route

Introducción: En nuestro hospital realizamos colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (CLA) desde 1999. Publicamos nuestros resultados en 2016 analizando los factores relacionados con el ingreso hospitalario. Para mejorar nuestros resultados desarrollamos la vía clínica para la colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (VCCLA), en la que restringimos las indicaciones y establecimos medidas de prevención y tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos (NyV) y del dolor. Presentamos nuestros resultados. Pacientes y método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva incluyendo todos los casos indicados para CLA desde 1999 hasta diciembre 2019. Se comparan los resultados del periodo previo y posterior a la VCCLA. Resultados: La cohorte incluye 846 pacientes: 643 del periodo previo a VCCLA; y 203, tras la aplicación de la VCCLA. Los ingresos hospitalarios disminuyeron de un 30,2 %, a un 9,9 % tras la aplicación de la VCCLA. Se redujo la conversión a cirugía abierta (3,11 % a 0 %); el número de intervenciones complicadas sin conversión (11,7 % a 7,4 %); los ingresos por NyV postoperatorios (8,6 % a 0,5 %) y por dolor postoperatorio (2,6 % a 0,5 %). Discusión: La mayor parte de los ingresos hospitalarios tras la CLA se deben a cirugía con dificultad técnica o a postoperatorio complicado con NyV o dolor. Podemos reducir el número de CLA complicadas restringiendo las indicaciones, fundamentalmente los casos con colecistitis previa. El control de NyV y del dolor precisa una prevención a lo largo de todo el proceso asistencial. Conclusiones: Para realizar CLA con un buen resultado debemos estandarizar todo el proceso. Debe realizarse siguiendo una vía clínica multidisciplinaria (AU)

Introducción: En nuestro hospital realizamos colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (CLA) desde 1999. Publicamos nuestros resultados en 2016 analizando los factores relacionados con el ingreso hospitalario. Para mejorar nuestros resultados desarrollamos la vía clínica para la colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (VCCLA), en la que restringimos las indicaciones y establecimos medidas de prevención y tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos (NyV) y del dolor. Presentamos nuestros resultados. Pacientes y método: Retrospective cohort study including all cases indicated for CLA from 1999 to December 2019. The results of the pre- and post-VCCLA period are compared. Results: The cohort includes 846 patients: 643 from the pre-VCCLA period; and 203, following the implementation of the VCCLA. Hospital admissions decreased from 30.2% to 9.9% after the implementation of VCCLA. Conversion to open surgery was reduced (3.11% to 0%);the number of complicated interventions without conversion (11.7% to 7.4%); admissions for postoperative N&V (8.6% to 0.5%) and postoperative pain (2.6% to 0.5%). Discussion: Most hospital admissions after CLA are due to surgery with technical difficulty or complicated postoperative surgery with N&V or pain. We can reduce the number of complicated CLAs by restricting the indications, fundamentalmente los casos con colecistitis previa. El control de NyV y del dolor precisa una prevención a lo largo de todo el proceso asistencial. Conclusiones: Para realizar CLA con un buen resultado debemos estandarizar todo el proceso. Debe realizarse siguiendo una vía clínica multidisciplinaria (AU)

Chemotaxis of halophilic bacterium Halomonas anticariensis FP35 towards the environmental pollutants phenol and naphthalene.

Chemotaxis can play an important role in bioremediation and substrate bioavailability. The bioremediation of hydrocarbons in saline environments can be carried out by technologies using halophilic bacteria. The aim of this study is to analyse chemotactic responses of the halophilic bacterium Halomonas anticariensis FP35T to environmental pollutants, as well as its catabolic potential for biotechnological use in bioremediation processes under saline conditions. Chemotaxis was detected and quantified using a modified Adler capillary assay. PCR amplification with degenerate primers for genes encoding ring-cleaving enzymes was used to characterize the catabolic versatility of FP35T. The results indicate that phenol (100-1,000 ppm) and naphthalene (100-500 ppm) are chemoattractants for H. anticariensis FP35T in a dose-dependent manner. These hydrocarbons were observed to act as chemoattractants for FP35T grown in a wide range of sea salt solutions (5-12.5% (w/v). However, the 7.5% (w/v) saline concentration was found to have the strongest chemotactic response. We also detected genes encoding ring-cleaving enzymes in the ß-ketoadipate pathway for aromatic catabolism. These results suggest that H. anticariensis FP35T has the potential to catabolize aromatic compounds and to be used in bioremediation processes under saline conditions.

Diversity of culturable halophilic archaea isolated from Rambla Salada, Murcia (Spain).

We have studied the diversity of culturable halophilic Archaea at Rambla Salada, Murcia (south-eastern Spain). We made 8 samplings at different places in this habitat during the years 2006 and 2007 and isolated a total of 49 strains, which were identified by means of phenotypic tests and the hypervariable V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequences (around 500 bp). The ribosomal data showed that the isolates belonged to 12 genera within the Halobacteriaceae family, with Haloferax and Natrinema being the most abundant. Five strains showed less than 97% sequence identity with validly described species and may well represent new taxa. All the strains grew best with around 25% w/v salts, required high concentrations of NaCl and magnesium and produced red to pink colonies. They were facultative anaerobes with both respiratory and fermentative metabolisms. The diversity of the archaeal community was analysed with the MOTHUR package. We identified 14 OTUs at the 3% genetic distance level and found quite high diversity. Rarefaction curves of richness estimators and diversity indices demonstrated that our collection of isolates represented the archaeal community at Rambla Salada that can be isolated under the conditions used in this work. This is the first report to be published on the culturable archaea at Rambla Salada, an area of considerable ecological interest.

Aplicaciones del exopolisacárido producido por la cepa HK30 de Halomonas nitroreducens en la industria farmacéutica / Pharmaceutical applications of the exopolysaccharides produced by Halomonas nitroreducens strain HK30

INTRODUCCIÓN: Una de las líneas de investigación que desarrolla el Grupo Exopolisacáridos Microbianos (BIO 188) es el aislamiento y caracterización de nuevos microorganismos halófilos productores de EPSs con propiedades físicas y químicas competitivas con los ya existentes en la industria. De estos estudios destaca el polímero V2-7 (Halomonas eurihalina F2-7) que origina geles transparentes1, el maurano(H. maura S-30) cuya viscosidad compite con la del xantano2 y los EPSs producidos por Salipigermucescens, Halomonas. anticariensis, H. ventosae, Idiomarina fontislapidosi, I. ramblicola y Alteromonas hispanica que emulsionan diferentes compuestos orgánicos y pueden actuar como biodetoxificadores 3,4. Además, estos polímeros tienen sulfatos en su composición que es una característica inusual e interesante para su aplicación en Medicina y el producido por S. mucescens contiene un carbohidrato llamado fucosa, con interesantes aplicaciones en cosmética y que resulta caro de obtener por síntesis química 5. El grupo de investigación tiene colaboraciones con empresas del sector alimentario, farmacéutico y cosmético para aplicar las propiedades funcionales de sus polisacáridos en estas áreas. OBJETIVO: La búsqueda y selección de bacterias productoras de exopolisacáridos de ambientes hipersalinos situados en Marruecos con propiedades interesantes para la industria(AU)

METODOLOGÍA: Cepas bacterianas y condiciones de cultivo. Las cepas fueron aisladas de ambientes hipersalinos situados en Marruecos (suelos y aguas hipersalinos, alimentos en salazón y las raíces de las plantas marinas). Para producir los EPSs las bacterias se cultivaron en medio MY 7,5 % p/v de sales y se incubaron a 32ºC en agitación (100 rpm) durante 5 días. Producción de exopolisacáridos. Los exopolisacáridos se extrajeron de acuerdo con la metodología descrita por Quesada y col. 6 Caracterización química y determinación de la masa molecular. El contenido en carbohidratos, proteínas, ácidos urónicos, restos acetilos, iones sulfato y fosfato, así como la composición en monosacáridos y la masa molecular de los EPSs purificados se analizó siguiendo la metodología previamente descrita en nuestros trabajos 4. Caracterización física. El estudio de las características reológicas y actividad emulgente se realizó siguiendo la metodología descrita por Mata y col. 3. Estudio de la participación de los EPS en la formación de biofilms. Se hizo mediante tinción con cristal violeta en placas microtiter tras 40 horas de incubación en medios MY y MM al 7,5% (p/v) de NaCl7. Determinación de la actividad floculante. Se prepararon soluciones de caolín y se mezclaron con diferentes concentraciones de EPS 8,9. CONCLUSIÓN /DISCUSIÓN: A partir de una colección de 120 cepas se han seleccionado las 26 mejores productoras de EPSs, que han sido identificadas taxonómicamente. Tras un primer análisis de la productividad y características físicas y químicas de los EPSs, se ha elegido el polímero producido por la cepa HK30 para llevar a cabo un estudio más completo. La cepa HK30, por su mayor rendimiento en la producción de un polímero con actividad viscosizante y emulgente, se considera un excelente candidato de interés biotecnológico con aplicaciones en la industria farmacéutica(AU)

The Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group (BIO 188) has been carrying out a wide search aimed at isolating and characterizing exopolysac charides produced by halophilic microorganisms with different physical and chemical properties of interest to industry. As a result of these studies, we selected and characterized the polymer V2-7 (Halomonas eurihalina F2-7) that has emulsifying activity and jellifying properties at acid pH1; the mauran, which has a viscosifying activity similar to that of xanthan gum2 and the EPSs produced by Salipiger mucosus, Halomonas anticariensis, H.ventosae, Idiomarina fontislapidosi, I. ramblicola and Alteromonas hispanica that emulsify different organic compounds 3,4. In addition, all of these polymers have sulphate groups in their composition, anunusual and interesting feature for their application in medicine. More over, the fucose-rich EPS of Salipiger mucosus has applications in the fields of medicine and cosmetics. The chemical orenzymatic hydrolysis of fucose-rich polysaccharides offers a new efficient way to process fucose 5. The Research Group BIO 188 has established collaborations with several companies related to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries in order to test the functional properties of our halophilicexopolysaccharides in these areas. AIM: Searching and selection of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria from hypersaline environments located in Morocco with interesting properties to industry(AU)

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacterial strains and culture conditions. The strains were isolated from hypersaline environments in Morocco. Bacteria were cultured in MY with 7.5% (w/v) of salts and incubated at 32 °C with shaking(100 rpm) for 5 days. Production of exopolysaccharides. The exopolysaccharides were isolated according to the methodology described by Quesada et al. 6 Chemical characterization and molecular weight determination. The content of carbohydrates, proteins, uronic acids, acetyl residues, sulphates, phosphates, monosaccharide composition, and molecular weight of purified EPSs were analyzed following the methodology previously described [4]. Physical characterization. The study of the rheological properties and emulsifying activity was carried out following the methodology described by Mata et al. 3 Production of biofilms. The production of biofilms were tested by crystal violet staining in microtiter plates after 40 hours incubation in the media MM and MY 7.5% (w/v) 7. Determination of flocculating activity. Kaolin solutions were prepared and mixed with different concentrations of EPS8,9(AU)

Aislamiento de cepas del género Halomonas con interés biotecnológico en Rambla Salada (Murcia) / Isolaton of strains of the genus Halomonas with biotechnologycal interest from Rambla Salada (Murcia)

El género Halomonas es uno de los taxones bacterianos más representativos dentro de las bacterias halófilas moderadas. Se encuentra incluido en el Phyllum Proteobacteria, clase Gamma-Proteobacteria, familia Halomonadaceae1. Son en su mayoría de bacterias halófilas moderadas, con un requerimiento de NaCl para su óptimo crecimiento que oscila entre un 3-15% (p/v). Las especies de esta familia han demostrado ser un grupo de microorganismos extremófilos con un gran potencial biotecnológico, por la producción de solutos compatibles que les confiere capacidad para estabilizar y proteger enzimas así como aplicaciones en tecnología enzimática, en la industria cosmética y dermofarmacia, medicina y agricultura. Estas especies son capaces de producir también compuestos extracelulares como exopolisacáridos y enzimas extracelulares. Los primeros tienen gran interés industrial debido a sus propiedades viscosizantes, estabilizantes, emulgentes y formadoras de geles. Nuestro grupo de investigación a lo largo de estos años ha caracterizado una decena de estos polímeros destacando los de H. eurihalina y H. maura por sus propiedades viscosizantes y emulgentes 2,3 y los de H. stenophila por sus propiedades antitumorales 4. En cuanto a las enzimas extracelulares, tales como lipasas y amilasas, se mantienen estables en un amplio rango de concentraciones salinas y proporcionan así nuevas posibilidades en los procesos biocatalíticos. Otras aplicaciones biotecnológicas son la producción de polihidroxialcanoatos así como la degradación de compuestos tóxicos. Debido al gran interés biotecnológico de las bacterias halófilas moderadas, nuestro grupo de investigación lleva a cabo un estudio de biodiversidad de microorganismos halófilos en Rambla Salada (Murcia) con el fin de aislar nuevas especies de Halomonas productoras de compuestos de aplicación industrial y/o biotecnológica(AU)

Se han realizado cuatro muestreos durante dos años en Rambla Salada (Murcia, España). Las muestras han sido procesadas mediante las técnicas de microbiología clásicas y las bacterias aisladas han sido caracterizadas fenotípica y filogenéticamente. Las cepas pertenecientes al género Halomonas se sembraron en los medios adecuados para estudiar cada una de las funciones biológicas, y se seleccionaron aquellas cepas que dieron una actividad positiva. Se han aislado 164 cepas del género Halomonas, algunas de ellas con actividad lipasa, proteinasa y/odexosirribonucleasa y casi todas son productoras de exopolisacaridos. La presencia de estas cepas conactividad positiva para determinadas funciones biológicas con interés industrial y biotecnológico ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de seguir investigando en este sentido(AU)

The genus Halomonas is one of the most representative taxa amongst the moderately halophilicbacteria. This genus is included into the family Halomonadaceae, class Gamma-Proteobacteria, Phyllum Proteobacteria1. It requires NaCl concentrations 3-15% w/v for optimum growth. Halomonas species have aroused interest amongst biotechnologists because of their ability to accumulate organic compatible solutes which provide stability and protection of enzymes and other molecules and have interest in enzymatic technology, cosmetic, medicine and agriculture. They also produce extracellular compounds, such as exoenzymes and exopolysaccharides (EPS). The extracellular enzymes, such as lipase and amylase, are stable within a wide salt concentration range; this property is important in biocatalytic processes. Other biotechnological applications of the Halomonas species are the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and the degradation of aromatic compounds. The halophilic EPS are commercially valuable products because of their biotechnology applications as viscosifying, stabilizers and gelling agents. Our research group has characterized to date tenexopolysaccharides-producing halophilic species. Two of them, H. eurihalina and H. maura produce polymers with viscosifying and emulsifying properties 2,3 and H. stenophila synthesizes and EPS with antitumoral properties 4. Isolate new species of the genus Halomonas with industrial and/or medical applications from Rambla Salada (Murcia, Spain)(AU)

Samples of saline soils, sediments and waters were taken periodically from Rambla Salada (Murcia, Spain) along two years. The samples were processed by classical methods and the isolated strains were identified by mean of phenotypic and phylogenetic techniques. The species belonging to the genus Halomonas were analyzed in order to find compounds of biotechnological interest. We have isolated 164 strains of the genus Halomonas. Some of them have lipases protease and/ordeoxyribonuclease activities and most of them are exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. The results presented in this work show that extreme environments, such as Rambla Salada, constitute anunexplorable resource of discovering new bacteria and biomolecules(AU)

Characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by three moderately halophilic bacteria belonging to the family Alteromonadaceae.

AIMS: To study the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by three novel moderately halophilic species belonging to the family Alteromonadaceae to optimize EPS yields, characterize their physical and chemical properties and evaluate possible biotechnological applications for these polymers. METHODS AND RESULTS: EPSs synthesized by Idiomarina fontislapidosi F32(T), Idiomarina ramblicola R22(T) and Alteromonas hispanica F23(T) were collected and analysed under optimum conditions: MY medium supplemented with 7.5% (w/v) salts; 32 degrees C; and 1% (w/v) glucose. Polymers were synthesized mainly during the early stationary growth phase with yields ranging from 1 to 1.5 g l(-1). The Idiomarina species each produced an anionic EPS composed mainly of glucose, mannose and galactose. A. hispanica synthesized an anionic EPS composed mainly of glucose, mannose and xylose. Solutions of all the polymers were low in viscosity and pseudoplastic in their behaviour. They showed emulsifying activity and the capacity to bind some metals. CONCLUSIONS: The Alteromonadaceae species studied in this work produced EPSs with physical and chemical properties different from those produced by other halophilic and nonhalophilic bacteria, suggesting that the wide diversity of micro-organisms being encountered nowadays in hypersaline environments offers enormous potential resources for biotechnological applications. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: We have optimized the EPS production and analysed new biopolymers produced by some recently described, moderately halophilic bacteria. These biopolymers are chemically and physically different from others already in use in biotechnology and offer hopes for new applications, especially in the case of A. hispanica, which may prove to be a viable source of xylo-oligosaccharides.

Halomonas maura sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium.

Four moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterial strains isolated from soil samples collected from a saltern at Asilah (Morocco) are reported. These four strains were initially considered to belong to the genus Halomonas. Their DNA G+C contents varied between 62.2 and 64.1 mol %. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a considerable degree of DNA-DNA similarity amongst all four strains (75.5-80.8%). Nevertheless, similarity with the reference strains of phylogenetically close relatives was lower than 40%. 16S rRNA gene sequences were compared with those of other species of Halomonas and other gram-negative bacteria and they were sufficiently distinct phylogenetically from other recognized Halomonas species to warrant their designation as a novel species. The name Halomonas maura sp. nov. is therefore proposed, with strain S-31T (= CECT 5298T= DSM 13445T) as the type strain. The fatty acid composition of strain S-31T revealed the presence of 18:1omega7c, 16:1omega7c/2-OH i15:0 and 16:0 as the major components. Growth rate analysis showed that strain S-31T had specific cationic requirements for Na+ and Mg2+.

The first acetimine gold(I) and gold(III) complexes and the first acetonine complexes.

Ketimino(phosphino)gold(I) complexes of the type [Au[NR=C(Me)R']L]X (X = ClO4, R = H, L = PPh3, R'=Me (la), Et (2a); L=PAr3 (Ar=C6H4OMe-4), R'=Me (1b), Et (2b); L=PPh3, R=R'=Me (3); X= CF3SO3 (OTf), L=PPh3, R=R'=Me (3'); R=Ar, R'=Me (4)) have been prepared from [Au(acac)L] (acac = acetyl acetonate) and ammonium salts [RNH3]X dissolved in the appropriate ketone MeC(O)R'. Complexes [Au(NH=CMe2)2]X (X = C1O4 (6), OTf (6')) were obtained from solutions of [Au(NH3)2]X in acetone. The reaction of 6 with PPN[AuCl2] or with PhICl2 gave [AuCl(NH=CMe2)] (7) or [AuCI2(NH=CMe2)2]ClO4 (8), respectively. Complex 7 was oxidized with PhICl2 to give [AuCl3(NH=CMe2)] (9). The reaction of [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene), NaClO4, and ammonia in acetone gave [Au(acetonine)2]ClO4 (10) (acetonine = 2,2,4,4,6-pentamethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrimidine) which reacted with PPh3 or with PPN[AuCl2] to give [Au(PPh3)(acetonine)]ClO4 (11) or [AuCl(acetonine)] (12), respectively. Complex 11 reacts with [Au(PPh3)(Me2CO)]ClO4 to give [(AuPPh3)2(mu-acetonine)](ClO4)2 (13). The reaction of AgClO4 with acetonine gave [Ag(acetonine)(OClO3)] (14). The crystal structures of [Au(NH2Ar)(PPh3)]OTf (5), 6' and 10 have been determined.

Transposon mutagenesis in Halomonas eurihalina.

We have established a transposon mutagenesis procedure for the moderate halophile Halomonas eurihalina, a bacteria that produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) of considerable biotechnological interest. We used suicide plasmids pUT and pSUP102 to introduce the transposons mini-Tn5 and Tn1732 into H. eurihalina via Escherichia coli mediated conjugation. Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated that insertions of the transposon mini-Tn5 into H. eurihalina occurred randomly at single sites in the chromosome, whereas Tn1732 insertion also took place at random, but simultaneously, at several sites. Phenotypic analysis revealed that different mutants were generated by using mini-Tn5. The isolation of exopolysaccharide-defective strains is the first stage towards carrying out genetic studies on EPS production by this microorganism.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy complicated with miliary tuberculosis.

We report a case of miliary tuberculosis following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*). The patient had right lower caliceal and left distal ureteral calculi on excretory urography. He was hospitalized 50 days after ESWL with fever, weight loss and night sweats. Liver function tests were abnormal and he had hypoxemia. A chest x-ray at hospitalization was normal but a miliary pattern developed 10 days later. Diagnosis was tuberculosis based on culture of sputum in a Löwenstein medium. Liver biopsy confirmed caseating epithelioid granulomas. Antituberculous treatment was successful. We conclude that renal tuberculosis associated with calcification must be ruled out before treatment with ESWL to avoid a possible hematogenous dissemination.