Detección molecular del virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo oncogénico en muestras cervicales. laboratorio central de salud pública. primeros resultados / Molecular detection of high oncogenic risk human papiloma virus in cervical samples. central laboratory of public health. first results

El cáncer de cuello uterino es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres en países en vías de desarrollo, con una tasa de incidencia de 34,2 por 100.000 mujeres y de mortalidad de 15,7 por 100.000 mujeres en Paraguay. La sensibilidad de la citología está entre 30-60%, mientras que la de la detección molecular del Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH) en muestras cervicales, es mayor al 90% para detectar neoplasia intraepitelial cervical de grado 2 (CIN II) o más. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la frecuencia de detección de VPH de alto riesgo (AR) y su distribución por edad en mujeres que concurrieron al Hospital San Pablo, de mayo a agosto de 2.013. Se estudiaron 170 muestras cervicales de pacientes que accedieron a participar firmando un consentimiento informado. Se utilizó el sistema Cobas 4800 HPV Test(Roche) que detecta los VPH-AR 16 y 18, y un pool de 10 VPH-AR (31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59) y dos de "probable" alto riesgo (66,68). La frecuencia de infección por VPH-AR fue del 16%, la infección decrecía con la edad y el mayor número de casos apareció en mujeres menores de 30 años. El VPH-16 fue encontrado en todos los grupos de edades. Este es el primer reporte de la detección de ADN de VPH-AR en el LCSP, y se muestra que la prevención y control del cáncer cérvico-uterino es una prioridad de salud pública en el país por la gran carga de la enfermedad evidenciada por su alta incidencia y mortalidad.

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in developing countries,with an incidence rate of 34.2 per 100,000 women and 15.7 deaths per 100,000 womenin Paraguay. The sensitivity of cytology is 30-60% while molecular detection of HumanPapilloma Virus (HPV) in cervical samples is over 90% for cervical intraepithelial neoplasiagrade 2 (CIN II) or more. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency ofdetection of high-risk HPV (HR) and their distribution by age in women who attended theHospital San Pablo, from May to August 2013. One hundred seventy cervical samplesfrom patients who agreed to participate by signing an informed consent. The 4800 Cobassystem HPV Test (Roche), which detects the HR-HPV genotypes 16 and 18, a pool of 10 HR-HPV (31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59) and two "probable" high risk (66.68). Thefrequency of HR-HPV infection was 16%, the infection decreased with age and the highestnumber of cases occurred in women under 30 years. HPV-16 was found in all age groups.This is the first report about detection of DNA HR-HPV in the LCSP and it showed thatprevention and control of cervical cancer is a public health priority in the country by thelarge burden of the disease as evidenced by its high incidence and mortality.

Human papillomavirus infection and invasive cervical cancer in Paraguay.

HPV types 16 and 18 have been categorized as human carcinogens based on their strong associations with cervical cancer in previous case-control studies. Recent IARC studies in the Philippines, Thailand and Morocco show strong associations between invasive cervical cancer and less common HPV types, including HPV 31, 33, 45, 51, 52 and 58. We present results of a further IARC case-control study conducted in Asunción, Paraguay, to examine the association between specific HPV types and invasive cervical cancer as well as risk factors other than HPV. One-hundred thirteen incident histologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer cases and 91 age-matched hospital controls were recruited. A standardized questionnaire was administered to investigate known and suspected risk factors for cervical cancer. For HPV status determination, cervical biopsy specimens from case subjects and exfoliated cervical cells from control subjects were obtained. HPV DNA was ascertained using a GP5+/6+ PCR-based assay capable of detecting more than 33 HPV types. Overall HPV prevalence was 97% in the cervical cancer cases and 20% in the control subjects. As a single infection, HPV 16 was the predominant type with a prevalence of 48% among case subjects and 5.5% among control subjects. Significant associations with the risk of cervical cancer were detected as follows: any HPV type (OR = 114; 95% CI: 36-361); HPV 16 (OR = 910); HPV 18 (infinite OR); HPV 31 (OR = 110); HPV 33 (OR = 261); HPV 45 (OR = 129); and HPV 58 (OR = 36). In the multivariate model, risk factors other than HPV significantly associated with cervical cancer risk were a higher number of lifetime sexual partners, lower educational status and never having had a Pap smear. Strong associations were found between invasive cervical cancer and specific HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45 and 58.

Epidemiology of complete hydatidiform mole in Paraguay.

The incidence of complete hydatidiform mole in Paraguay is 0.23-0.25 cases per 1,000 pregnancies. The incidence is as high at the extremes of reproductive age as at other ages. That finding is at variance with long-accepted concepts. The incidence in the 15- to 19-year age group is lower than earlier, with a greater use of contraceptives in the older group. Complete mole is a rare condition with a high incidence in certain geographical areas.

Association of human papillomavirus infection and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a morphological and immunohistochemical study of 30 cases.

Thirty cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) were analyzed in order to determine the frequency of association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and the relationship between this association and patient's age, extent of vulvar lesions, and coexistence with cervicovaginal neoplasia. The presence of condyloma or moderate to marked koilocytosis, now considered as morphological evidence of HPV infection, was observed in 66.6% of our cases. A search for HPV antigens, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, was performed in 13 selected cases, and positive staining was detected in 3 of them. The presence of HPV infection correlates with a mean age of 48.8 years, 50% of multicentricity of VIN and coexistence with cervical neoplasia in 30% of the cases, as opposed to a mean age of 55.5 years, 10% of multicentricity of VIN and absence of cervical neoplasia in patients without HPV infection. The demonstration of multiple foci of early stromal invasion in a 43-year-old woman, with multicentric VIN lesions associated with HPV infection, indicates that, even in the presence of such clinicopathological features, the risk of developing stromal invasion should be considered. Considerations are made in relation with the presence of HPV antigen in morphological normal epithelium adjacent to the lesion. Therapeutic implications were also investigated.