ABSTRACT
Recently, the education system has faced an unprecedented health crisis that has shaken up its foundation. Given today's uncertainties, it is vital to gain a nuanced understanding of students' online learning experience in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although many studies have investigated this area, limited information is available regarding the challenges and the specific strategies that students employ to overcome them. Thus, this study attempts to fill in the void. Using a mixed-methods approach, the findings revealed that the online learning challenges of college students varied in terms of type and extent. Their greatest challenge was linked to their learning environment at home, while their least challenge was technological literacy and competency. The findings further revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had the greatest impact on the quality of the learning experience and students' mental health. In terms of strategies employed by students, the most frequently used were resource management and utilization, help-seeking, technical aptitude enhancement, time management, and learning environment control. Implications for classroom practice, policy-making, and future research are discussed.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) to the Philippines, gathering evidence of its validity and reliability. Two studies were conducted. Participants in Study 1 were 340 college students (Mage= 20.63; 62.1% female), who completed the GQ-6 and demographic questions. The exploratory factor analysis was performed, indicating a one-factor solution (α= .80). Participants in Study 2 were 813 college students (Mage= 19.99 years; 50.1% male), who answered the GQ-6, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and the Spirituality/Religiousness items. Results corroborated the one-factor structure (e.g., CFI= .98, RMSEA= .05) showing evidence of its association with life orientation (r= .29), subjective happiness (r= .08), and religiosity (r= .31). The scores from the GQ-6 also exhibited invariance across gender. In conclusion, the GQ-6 provide evidence of factorial and criterion validity and reliability, justifying its use in the Philippines (AU)
Filipinas, recogiendo pruebas sobre su validez y fiabilidad. Se realizaron dos estudios. En el estudio 1 participaron 340 estudiantes universitarios (Medad= 20,63 años; 62,1% mujeres), que contestaron el GQ-6 y los datos sociodemográficos. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una solución de un factor (α= 0,80). En el estudio 2 participaron 813 estudiantes universitarios (Medad= 19,99 años; 50,1% hombres), que respondieron el GQ-6, el Test revisado de orientación a la vida, la Escala de felicidad subjetiva y los ítems sobre espiritualidad/religiosidad. Los resultados confirmaron la estructura unifactorial del GQ-6 (p. ej., CFI= 0,98, RMSEA= 0,05) mostrando evidencia de su asociación con la orientación a la vida (r= 0,29), la felicidad subjetiva (r= 0,08) y la religiosidad (r= 0,31). Las puntuaciones del GQ-6 mostraron invariancia de sexo. En conclusión, el GQ-6 proporciona pruebas de validez y fiabilidad factorial y de criterio, lo que justifica su uso en Filipinas (AU)
