ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is using the currently available clinical and epidemiological data, to identify key aspects to improve both the clinical management and public health response with regard SARS-CoV-2/HIV co-infection among HIV vulnerable populations and people living with HIV (PLWH). RECENT FINDINGS: While at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of robust information on SARS-CoV-2/HIV coinfection prevented to have a clear picture of the synergies between them, currently available data strongly supports the importance of common structural factors on both the acquisition and clinical impact of these infections and the relevance of age, co-morbidities, and HIV viral load as associated worse prognosis factors among PLWH. Although more information is needed to better understand the biological, clinical, and epidemiological relationship between both infections, in the meanwhile, syndemic approaches to prevent SARS-CoV-2 among HIV higher risk groups and PLWH, targeting these population for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and protocolizing early identification of HIV + patients with worse COVID-19 prognosis factors, are crucial strategies to decrease the overall impact of SARS-CoV-2 /HIV coinfection.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Coinfection , HIV Infections , COVID-19 Vaccines , Coinfection/epidemiology , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Pandemics , Public Health , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Opportunistic infections continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. They often arise because of severe immunosuppression resulting from poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, failure of antiretroviral therapy, or unawareness of HIV infection by patients whose first clinical manifestation of AIDS is an opportunistic infection. The present article is an executive summary of the document that updates the previous recommendations on the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients, namely, infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and bacteria, as well as imported infections. The article also addresses immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This document is intended for all professionals who work in clinical practice in the field of HIV infection.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Coinfection/drug therapy , Coinfection/prevention & control , Humans , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/diagnosis , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/drug therapy , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/prevention & control , Mycoses/drug therapy , Mycoses/prevention & control , Parasitic Diseases/drug therapy , Parasitic Diseases/prevention & control , Virus Diseases/drug therapy , Virus Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Despite the huge advance that antiretroviral therapy represents for the prognosis of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. OIs often arise because of severe immunosuppression resulting from poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, failure of antiretroviral therapy, or unawareness of HIV infection by patients whose first clinical manifestation of AIDS is an OI. The present article updates our previous guidelines on the prevention and treatment of various OIs in HIV-infected patients, namely, infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and bacteria, as well as imported infections. The article also addresses immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
