ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to develop a Spanish version of the Body Image Scale (Hopwood et al. Eur J Cancer 37(2):189-197, 2001) and to analyze its psychometric properties in a sample of women with breast or gynaecological cancer. METHODS: The Spanish version of the Body Image Scale was developed using a forward and backward translation technique. A total sample of 100 women who had undergone radical surgery for breast (n = 50) or gynaecological cancer (n = 50) completed the scale. RESULTS: Factor analysis resulted in a single-factor solution, both in the total sample and in the two subgroups, accounting for >76 % variance. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.960. The Spanish version of the Body Image Scale correlated negatively with self-esteem (r = -0.733), quality of life (r = -0.632) and age (r = -0.643) and positively with depression (r = 0.832) and anxiety (r = 0.564); all p values < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a Spanish version of the Body Image Scale. Our results show a stable factorial structure between samples with a single-factor solution and good psychometric properties, suggesting that it is a suitable tool for measuring body image concerns among Spanish-speaking cancer patients. Its brevity and comprehensibility allow a quick assessment both in clinical and research settings.
Subject(s)
Body Image/psychology , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Genital Neoplasms, Female/psychology , Genital Neoplasms, Female/surgery , Mastectomy/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Depression/psychology , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Quality of Life/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Self Concept , Spain , TranslationsABSTRACT
In the last few decades, Spain has witnessed a slow but progressive change in predominant family models. The purpose of this work is to advance in our knowledge of stepfamilies through the perspectives and experiences of two of their members, the stepfather and the stepmother. The theoretical model examined in this investigation proposes that stepparents role strain could have negative effects on their psychological wellbeing. It also proposes that a satisfactory couple relation could mediate in the relation between role strain and psychological wellbeing. In this study, participants were 116 stepparents who had been living for at least one year with their partner. The most relevant results showed the adequacy of the proposed model and the higher vulnerability of stepmothers in these family structures
España está asistiendo a un lento pero progresivo cambio de los modelos familiares predominantes en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en el conocimiento de las familias reconstituidas a través de las perspectivas y vivencias experimentadas por uno de sus miembros, el padrastro y la madrastra. El modelo teórico que se examina en esta investigación considera que la tensión de rol de los padrastros y las madrastras podría repercutir negativamente sobre su bienestar psicológico. Además, estima que una relación de pareja satisfactoria podría mediar en la relación que mantienen ambas variables. La muestra que participó en este trabajo fueron 116 padrastros y madrastras que llevaban al menos un año de convivencia con su pareja. Los resultados más relevantes mostraron la adecuación del modelo propuesto y una mayor vulnerabilidad de las madrastras en estas estructuras familiares
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Parents/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Role , Family Characteristics , Psychometrics/instrumentationABSTRACT
El objetivo principal de este estudio es comprobar si los niños con cáncer (en tratamiento con quimioterapia) presentan peor autoconcepto físico, menos autoestima y más ansiedad y depresión que los niños sanos (sin historia de cáncer) de los mismos rangos de edad (9-16 años) y condición social. Adicionalmente, se analiza la capacidad predictiva del autoconcepto y la autoestima sobre el malestar emocional. Se administró la versión española del PSDQ, CDI y STAIC a 30 niños con cáncer y 90 escolares sin historia de cáncer. Los resultados señalaron que no existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos en ninguna de las variables de estudio, excepto en dos de las 11 dimensiones del PSDQ, salud y flexibilidad. La autoestima fue el mejor predictor de depresión, mientras la salud y el autoconcepto predecían ansiedad (AU)
The main purpose of this study is to test if children with cancer receiving chemotherapy show a poorer physical self-concept, less self-esteem and more anxiety and depression than healthy children (with no cancer history) within the same age range (9-16 years old) and social condition. Furthermore, the capacity of self-concept and self-esteem to predict emotional distress is analyzed. The Spanish versions of PSDQ, CDI and STAIC were administered to 30 children with cancer and 90 healthy children. Except for the health and flexibility dimensions in the PSDQ, no significant differences between groups were found. Self-esteem was the best predictor of depression, whereas health and self-concept predicted anxiety (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Self Concept , Neoplasms/psychology , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivos. Conocer las características del sueño en profesionales de atención primaria y su relacióncon la atención continuada y con la actividad asistencial.Diseño. Estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo y transversal mediante cuestionario anónimo autocumplimentado.Emplazamiento. Áreas de Toledo y Alcázar de San Juan.Participantes. Médicos de familia y profesionales de enfermería.Mediciones principales. Variables sociodemográfi cas, de la actividad asistencial y de las característicasdel sueño.Resultados. Contestaron 281 profesionales, con una edad media de 41,27 años (DE 8,76). La proporciónde hombres fue del 37,7%, de médicos el 37,9% y de los que realizaban guardias el 72,2%.Refi rieron trastornos del sueño el 31,7% (IC95%: 26,65-38,46), sin diferencias signifi cativas respectoa la realización de guardias, al sexo (31,6% hombres vs 31,2% mujeres) ni a la profesión (29,7%médicos vs 32,7% enfermeros). Para un 72,5% estos trastornos infl uían en su actividad habitual ypara el 55,6% en su conducta. Entre los profesionales que realizaban guardias, un 18,8% tomabaestimulantes durante ellas (sin diferencias por sexo ni profesión) y el 5,5% relajantes, más los médicosque enfermería (10,7% vs 1,7%; χ2 7,66; p<0,01). El 47,7% refi rió haber cometido errores postguardia,más los médicos (65,1% vs 34,8%; χ2 17,7, p< 0,001) y los varones (57,8% vs 39,4%; χ2 6,63, p<0,05).Un 29,6% había sufrido algún accidente postguardia, siendo mayor en enfermería (21,2% vs 35%; χ24,57; p<0,05). Para un 76,1% fue peor el trato a los pacientes postguardia.Conclusiones. La prevalencia de trastornos del sueño encontrada es similar a la de la poblacióngeneral. Las guardias no parecen asociarse a dichos trastornos, pero sí podrían relacionarse con unapeor calidad asistencial y un aumento de los riesgos
Objectives. To determine the characteristics of sleep patterns of primary health care professionalsand their relation to continous medical attention and health care.Design. This is a multicenter, descriptive, cross-sectional study, consisting of a questionnaire completedby the participants.Setting. Toledo and Alcazar de San Juan health areas.Participants. General practitioners (GPs) and nurses.Main measurement. Sociodemographic, health care and characteristic sleep factors.Results. 281 professionals answered the questionnaire. Average age: 41.27 years (SD 8.76). 37.7%were men; 37.9% GPs; 72.2% were on duty. 31.7% reported that they have sleep disorders (CI 95%26,65-38,46) irrespective of shift work, sex (31.6% men vs 31.2% women) or occupation (29.7%GPs vs 32.7% nurses). For 72.5% these sleep disorders infl uenced their daily activity and for 55.6%it infl uenced their behaviour. Of the professionals who were on duty, 18.8% took stimulants whiledoing shiftwork (there was no difference in sex or occupation) and 5.5% took sleeping pills, moreGPs than nurses (10.7% vs 1.7%; .2 7.66; p<0.01). A total of 47.7% said that they have made errorswhen they come off duty, more GPs (65.1% vs 34.8%;.2 17.7, p< 0.001) and men (57.8% vs 39.4%; .2 6.63, p<0.05). A total of 29.6% had had an accident after a night shift. This was more frequentamong nurses (21.2% vs 35%; .2 4.57; p<0.05). 76.1% admitted having a worse behaviour towardspatients after having been on a shift.Conclusions. The prevalence of sleep disorders is similar to those of the general population. Shiftworkdoes not seem to increase these disorders, although they could be associated with a poorer qualityof medical care and an increase of risk factors
Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveys , Shift Work Schedule , Quality of Health Care/trendsABSTRACT
Se ha estudiado el efecto secuencial para la estimación del tiempo de llegada de un coche a una meta. Cuarenta sujetos realizaron las estimaciones en dos condiciones experimentales: coche real y vídeo. El efecto secuencial ha sido analizado a partir de las autocorrelaciones de los residuos del ajuste a varios modelos de dependencia serial. Para cada modelo los datos se ajustaron a tres funciones: potencial, logarítmica y lineal. Los modelos que explican, en las dos condiciones experimentales, las variaciones sistemáticas de los datos son aquellos en que la respuesta (R) en el tiempo t es función del estímulo (E) en t y de E y R en t-1 y t-2. Se ha encontrado efecto de asimilación a las respuestas precedentes y de contraste a los estímulos previos
We have studied the sequential structure of data in the arrival- time estimations. Forty participants estimated the arrival-time of a vehicle under two experimental conditions: real car and video-image. Various time series regression models were fit to our data, and residuals autocorrelations were computed. For each serial-dependence model, data were fit to three functions, namely, power, logarithmic, and linear. In both experimental conditions, the response magnitude (R) on a given trial in t was a function of the stimulus intensity (S) in such a trial (t) and of the S and R on t-1 and t-2. Assimilation effect to the previous responses and contrast effect to the previous stimuli has been found
Subject(s)
Humans , Time Perception , Models, Psychological , Psychometrics/methods , Automobile Driving , Video RecordingABSTRACT
These experiments explore the way in which cues provided by luminance and chromatic contrast interact in the spatial integration of elements. The stimuli were composed of bidimensional and isotropic Gauss functions. The elements were placed so that when experimentally manipulating the separations between the lines, subjects could generate an oriented percept from the elements sharing luminance or chromaticity. Results showed that, in most cases, grouping elements that share chromatic content is possible, in spite of variations in luminance content. Grouping elements as a function of luminance is more difficult when chromaticity alternates from one element to another. Lastly, if competing groupings are generated, the stimulus is structured as a function of chromatic content and not of luminance content.
