ABSTRACT
We review the literature on genetic factors in anxiety disorders and present data from a study in which we used the HLA system to evaluate distribution of different antigens in the members of a family with high morbidity of Panic Disorder. Our aim was to look for HLA haplotype sharing among the affected subjects. All members of the family were interviewed with the SCID interview to detect any psychiatric disorder. Third generation members under 18 were evaluated with a structured interview especially designed to identify separation anxiety disorder. In all cases we assessed 11 HLA-A, 16 HLA-B and 5 HLA-Cw antigens. The results suggest a genetic component for Panic Disorder, based on the presence of the same haplotype (A3B18) in the six members of the family suffering from Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia, compared with its absence in the others who were free of such disorders.
Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/genetics , Genetic Markers , HLA Antigens/genetics , Panic Disorder/genetics , Adult , Agoraphobia/genetics , Child , Depressive Disorder/genetics , Diseases in Twins , Female , Genetic Linkage , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Haplotypes , Humans , Interview, Psychological , Male , Middle Aged , PedigreeABSTRACT
The current treatment of fulminant liver failure, underscoring substitutive liver therapy, is reviewed. The usefulness of hemodialysis and hemofiltration with a high-permeability membrane, hemoperfusion with activated carbon, hemoperfusion with resins, plasma exchange, artificial cells and the combination of various techniques for the same patients has been studied. Finally, the indications for utility of these techniques and the role of liver transplantation are considered. Early onset of treatment is essential for achieving satisfactory results.
Subject(s)
Liver Diseases/therapy , Hemofiltration , Hemoperfusion , Humans , Plasma Exchange , Renal DialysisSubject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Child , Cytarabine/administration & dosage , Cytarabine/adverse effects , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Doxorubicin/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Prednisolone/adverse effects , Prognosis , Vincristine/administration & dosage , Vincristine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to determine whether the "RSTL-SAS" derived Rollin has retained the precursor activity after its purifying procedure. The blastogenic response of macrocultures (650) to PHA and Rollin was assessed by microscopy. Data have clearly shown that Rollin, like RSTL-SAS, may significatively enhance the PHA-induced LPR of PBL from healthy humans. Such enhancement depends of the Rollin dose added to the culture and kinetics of the target cells sensitive to it. However, Rollin seems to provide more efficiency and safety than RSTL-SAS. The positive capabilities of the "RSTL-SAS" were largely overpassed by the purified Rollin. A positive response (probably via T-cell precursor repertoire), was seen in 82% of the 151 individuals studied. The joint PHA plus Rollin LPR mean values got up to 119% and 159% of the "IIC.PHA" base-line for the "BR100" model (one full-dose) and the "BR.MCR" in the subset with six doses of Rollin/Control, respectively. Moreover, the negative side of the RSTL dual-effect became insignificant for Rollin and antibodies against Rollin or other detrimental side-effects which could restrict its therapeutic use as it has occurred with other BRM, have not been detected after the reiterative i. v. and/or i. m. administration of large Rollin doses to adult rabbits.
Subject(s)
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Connective Tissue , Drug Synergism , Female , Humans , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
There is now increasing evidence for immunological changes in essential hypertension. Immunological response is determined in part by genes linked to the HLA system. It has been reported a positive association between HLA B15 and the risk for cerebral events in essential hypertensive (EH) patients. We studied the distribution of HLA antigens in 128 EH (age range, 13-85 years) and 1000 normotensive controls. EH were classified in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria: in WHO Stages I and II, there were 100 patients; in WHO Stage III, there were 28 patients. HLA-A and B antigens of peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied according to the microlymphocytotoxicity test. The results were compared by chi-square analysis, and the p value was multiplied by the number of antigens studied at each locus, to avoid overestimation of an association. Frequency of HLA-BW 22 was higher in EH compared with controls (5.4% vs 1.2%, p less than 0.01). Frequency of HLA-B12 in EH with WHO Stage III hypertension (64.2%) was significantly increased compared either with EH in WHO Stage I or II (29%, p less than 0.01) or the control group (26.9% p less than 0.001). The incidence of HLA-B15 antigen in the whole hypertensive group was 3.1%, lower than in normotensive controls (6.4%, p less than 0.8). None of the patients with WHO Stage III hypertension had the HLA-B15 antigen. In conclusion, the results seemed to indicated that the Spanish population had an association between HLA-B12 and severe hypertension.
