Cirugía de elevación del seno maxilar: "Utilidad de las diferentes técnicas. "Caso clínico de elevación de seno y colocación de implantes Phibo TSH y TSA / Maxillary sinus lift surgery: "Usefulness of different techniques. "Clinical case of sinus lift and placement Phibo TSH and TSA implants

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre los procedimientos para el aumento o elevación del seno maxilar para la colocación posterior o conjunta de implantes endoóseos. Nuestro objetivo es presentar un caso clínico y revisar la literatura existente. Se puede apreciar que el tema ha sido tratado ampliamente por distintos especialistas, describiendo las distintas técnicas, y también que es un procedimiento con un alto porcentaje de éxito. Por otro lado, habitualmente se puede realizar en consulta ambulatoria, respetando los conceptos de asepsia que se ha de cuidar en los procedimientos de cirugía oral: correcta preparación del equipo, esterilización del instrumental y desinfección del campo quirúrgico. Es decir, todo el instrumental en bolsas herméticas previamente esterilizadas, campos quirúrgicos y guantes estériles, mesa y equipamiento debidamente todo desinfectado. Además de que tanto el equipo de asistencia como el cirujano deben contar con gorros y batas desechables quirúrgicas estériles. Es importante resaltar que al manejar rellenos óseos deben también con los máximos protocolos de esterilización envasado para su utilización. (AU)

A bibliographic review was carried out on the procedures for the augmentation or elevation of the maxillary sinus for the posterior or/and placement of endosseous implants. Our objective is to present a clinical case and review the existing literature. It can be seen that the subject has been extensively treated by different specialists, describing the different techniques, and also that it is a procedure with a high percentage of success. On the other hand, it can usually be performed in a common dental office with the appropriate aseptic measures; that means: correct preparation of the equipment, sterilization of the instruments and disinfection of the surgical field. That is, all the instruments should be packed in hermetic bags previously sterilized, surgical fields and sterile gloves, table and equipment all properly disinfected. In addition to the fact that both the surgical-nurse team and the surgeon must have disposable sterile surgical caps and gowns. It is important to highlight that when handling bone fillers, they must also comply with the maximum packaging sterilization protocols for their use. (AU)

Detection of 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' and other Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae in Canidae in Switzerland and Mediterranean countries.

INTRODUCTION: 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic agent that primarily affects immunocompromised human patients. Dogs and foxes are frequently exposed to ticks, and both species are in close proximity to humans. This is the first study to systematically investigate the occurrence of 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' in Canidae in Europa. We analyzed 1'739 blood samples from dogs in Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal and 162 blood samples from free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland. All samples were tested using a previously described multiplex real-time PCR for the Anaplasmataceae family, the 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia' genus and the 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' species. All Anaplasmataceae positive samples were subsequently tested using specific real-time PCRs for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia helvetica. Among the tested animals, one dog from Zurich tested positive for 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis'. The 12-year old West Highland white terrier had been splenectomized 3 months prior to the blood collection and presented with polyuria/polydipsia. Fanconi syndrome was diagnosed based on glucosuria with normoglycemia and hyperaminoaciduria. A. platys and E. canis were detected in 14/249 dogs from Sicily and Portugal; two of the dogs were coinfected with both agents. Four Swiss foxes tested positive for A. phagocytophilium. R. helvetica was detected for the first time in a red fox. In conclusion, 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' infection should be considered in sick dogs, particularly when immunocompromised. The pathogen seems not to be widespread in Canidae in the investigated countries. Conversely, other Anaplasmataceae were more readily detected in dogs and foxes.

INTRODUCTION: 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' est un agent de zoonose transmis par les tiques qui gagne en importance et concerne principalement les patients immunosupprimés. Les chiens comme les renards sont souvent concernés par des morsures de tiques et vivent en contact étroit avec les êtres humains. Dans le présent travail, nous étudions pour la première fois systématiquement la présence de 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' chez les canidés en Europe. Les échantillons sanguins analysés provenaient de 1'739 chiens de Suisse, d'Italie, d'Espagne et du Portugal ainsi que de 162 renards (Vulpes vulpes) de Suisse. Tous les échantillons ont été examinés avec un test de PCR multiplex en temps réel déjà publié quant à la présence d'agents de la famille des Anaplasmataceae, du genre 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia' et de l'espèce 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis'. Les échantillons positifs aux Anaplasmataceae ont ensuite été testés avec un test PCR en temps réel spécifique quant à Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis und Rickettsia helvetica. Parmi les échantillons examinés se trouvait celui d'un chien de Zürich qui était infecté par 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis'. Ce West Highland White Terrier de 12 ans avait été présenté pour polyurie/polydipsie; il avait été splénectomisé trois mois avant la prise de l'échantillon. Au vu d'une glycosurie et d'une hyperaminoacidurie accompagnées d'une glycémie normale, on a posé le diagnostic de syndrome de Fanconi. A. platys et E. canis ont été mis en évidence chez 14/249 chiens provenant de Sicile et du Portugal; deux chiens étaient infectés par les deux agents pathogènes. Quatre renards suisses étaient positifs à A. phagocytophilium et R. helvetica a été trouvé pour la première fois chez un renard. En résumé, on peut dire qu'une infection à 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' chez un chien malade doit être prise en considération comme diagnostic différentiel, particulièrement chez les anomaux immunosupprimés. Toutefois cet agent n'est pas très répandu chez les canidés des pays examinés, contrairement aux autres Anaplasmataceae spp. qui ont été trouvées plus souvent chez les chiens et les renards.

Aß Induces Excitotoxicity Mediated by APC/C-Cdh1 Depletion That Can Be Prevented by Glutaminase Inhibition Promoting Neuronal Survival.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is activated by the fizzy-related protein homolog/CDC20-like protein 1 (cdh1) in post-mitotic neurons. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of APC/C-Cdh1 is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show in neurons that oligomers of amyloid beta (Aß), a peptide related to Alzheimer's disease, cause proteasome-dependent degradation of cdh1. This leads to a subsequent increase in glutaminase (a degradation target of APC/C-Cdh1), which causes an elevation of glutamate levels and further intraneuronal Ca(2+) dysregulation, resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Glutaminase inhibition prevents glutamate excitotoxicity and apoptosis in Aß treated neurons. Furthermore, glutamate also decreases cdh1 and leads to accumulation of glutaminase, suggesting that there may be a positive feedback loop of cdh1 inactivation. We confirmed the main findings in vivo using microinjection of either Aß or glutamate in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. We show here for the first time in vivo that both Aß and glutamate cause nuclear exclusion of cdh1 and an increase in glutaminase. These results show that maintaining normal APC/C-Cdh1 activity may be a useful target in Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Reductive Stress: A New Concept in Alzheimer's Disease.

Reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in cell signaling and also a pathological role in diseases, when antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed causing oxidative stress. However, in this review we will focus on reductive stress that may be defined as a pathophysiological situation in which the cell becomes more reduced than in the normal, resting state. This may occur in hypoxia and also in several diseases in which a small but persistent generation of oxidants results in a hormetic overexpression of antioxidant enzymes that leads to a reduction in cell compartments. This is the case of Alzheimer's disease. Individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's (because they carry the ApoE4 allele) suffer reductive stress long before the onset of the disease and even before the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment. Reductive stress can also be found in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (APP/PS1 transgenic mice), when their redox state is determined at a young age, i.e. before the onset of the disease. Later in their lives they develop oxidative stress. The importance of understanding the occurrence of reductive stress before any signs or symptoms of Alzheimer's has theoretical and also practical importance as it may be a very early marker of the disease.

Molecular mechanisms linking amyloid ß toxicity and Tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer׳s disease.

Neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of cytoskeletal Tau protein) and senile plaques (aggregates mainly formed by amyloid ß peptide) are two landmark lesions in Alzheimer׳s disease. Some researchers have proposed tangles, whereas others have proposed plaques, as primary lesions. For a long time, these were thought of as independent mechanisms. However, experimental evidence suggests that both lesions are intimately related. We review here some molecular pathways linking amyloid ß and Tau toxicities involving, among others, glycogen synthase kinase 3ß, p38, Pin1, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and regulator of calcineurin 1. Understanding amyloid ß and Tau toxicities as part of a common pathophysiological mechanism may help to find molecular targets to prevent or even treat the disease.

Aß and tau toxicities in Alzheimer's are linked via oxidative stress-induced p38 activation: protective role of vitamin E.

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We propose that rather than causing damage because of the action of free radicals, oxidative stress deranges signaling pathways leading to tau hyperphosphorylation, a hallmark of the disease. Indeed, incubation of neurons in culture with 5 µM beta-amyloid peptide (Aß) causes an activation of p38 MAPK (p38) that leads to tau hyperphosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 prevents Aß-induced tau phosphorylation. Aß-induced effects are prevented when neurons are co-incubated with trolox (the water-soluble analog of vitamin E). We have confirmed these results in vivo, in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice of AD. We have found that APP/PS1 transgenic mice exhibit a high level of P-p38 in the hippocampus but not in cortex and this is prevented by feeding animals with a diet supplemented with vitamin E. Our results underpin the role of oxidative stress in the altered cell signaling in AD pathology and suggest that antioxidant prevention may be useful in AD therapeutics.

Best practice for the pharmacological management of hyperthyroid cats with antithyroid drugs.

Pharmacological management of feline hyperthyroidism offers a practical treatment option for many hyperthyroid cats. Two drugs have been licensed for cats in the last decade: methimazole and its pro-drug carbimazole. On the basis of current evidence and available tablet sizes, starting doses of 2·5 mg methimazole twice a day and 10 to 15 mg once a day for the sustained release formulation of carbimazole are recommended. These doses should then be titrated to effect in order to obtain circulating total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations in the lower half of the reference interval. Treated cases should be monitored for side-effects, especially during the first months of treatment. Some side-effects may require discontinuation of treatment. At each monitoring visit, clinical condition and quality of life should also be evaluated, with special attention to possible development of azotaemia, hypertension and iatrogenic hypothyroidism. When euthyroidism has been achieved, monitoring visits are recommended after 1 month, 3 months and biannually thereafter. Cats with pre-existing azotaemia have shorter survival times. However, development of mild azotaemia during the initial course of treatment, unless associated with hypothyroidism, does not appear to decrease survival time. The long-term effects of chronic medical management require further study.

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in a dog with an insulin-producing pancreatic islet cell carcinoma.

A 10-year-old dog presented with convulsive crisis and symmetrical hyperkeratotic cutaneous lesions affecting the abdomen, inguinal area, eyelids, muzzles, both pinnae, and all the paw pads. Hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were the main biochemical findings. A mass 2 cm in diameter was detected within the left pancreatic lobe by ultrasonography. It was surgically removed and histologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed as an insulin-producing pancreatic islet cell carcinoma. The animal was eventually euthanized due to lack of clinical improvement. At necropsy, metastatic nodules were observed in the pancreatic lymph nodes and liver. Histopathological findings of cutaneous lesions were highly suggestive of superficial necrolytic dermatitis and were interpreted as a paraneoplastic syndrome derived from the islet cell carcinoma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of superficial necrolytic dermatitis associated with an insulin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma in dogs.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery as treatment for oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma in a dog.

A gingival maxillary squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in a 12-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier. After a complete diagnostic work-up, including a computed tomography scan, the tumour was staged as T3bN1aM0 and considered non-resectable at presentation. The combination of neoadjuvant megavoltage radiotherapy and neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and doxorubicin decreased the size of the tumour, allowing for surgery. The dog was free from local disease for 421 days after which it was euthanased at the owners' request.

Antioxidant pathways in Alzheimer's disease: possibilities of intervention.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to the occurrence of oxidative stress. It was claimed that all pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of AD are related to oxidative stress. Thus, it is important to evaluate if there is oxidative stress as well as the mechanism by which this happens in AD patients as well as in animal models of AD. Extracellular plaques of amyloid b peptides (Aß), a hallmark of the disease, have been postulated to be more protective than damaging in terms of oxidative stress because they may be chemical sinks in which heavy metals are placed. More than a decade ago we reasoned that damage due to Ab might be caused not by extracellular, but rather intracellular Ab peptide interacting with normal cell metabolism. Ab binds to mitochondrial membranes, interacts with heme and thus interferes with the normal electron flow through the respiratory chain. This results in a faulty mitochondrial energy metabolism and in an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The low mitochondrial energy metabolism may important to explain the hypo metabolism observed in AD patients in vivo (measured by positron emission tomography) and in isolated neurons incubated in the presence of Ab peptide. The increased ROS production results in oxidative stress. The occurrence of such stress provides the basis for a putative treatment of AD with antioxidants. Major efforts have been made to determine whether antioxidant supplementation could be a means of preventing, or even treating AD, but this idea is far from being well- established. We found that even though there is oxidative stress in AD, the administration of antioxidant vitamins, particularly vitamin E, is not effective in preventing the progression of the disease in all patients. We termed this the vitamin E paradox in AD. The paradox is the fact that for some patients, vitamin E could even be detrimental whereas for others vitamin E treatment partially prevents the loss memory associated with the progression of the disease. It is clear, however, that increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidant vitamins, prevents or retards the onset of AD. Thus, the issue of whether antioxidant treatment is of use in AD is not settled and more research is warranted to clarify this point.

Tumor mixohialino inflamatorio de las zonas distales de las extremidades / Inflammatory Myxohyaline Tumor of the Distal Extremities

El tumor mixohialino inflamatorio de las áreas distales de las extremidades (TMHIADE) es un sarcoma de bajo grado de malignidad extremadamente infrecuente, con tendencia a la recurrencia local tras su extirpación quirúrgica, pero con un bajo potencial metastásico. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 49 años que consultó por una tumoración asintomática de lento crecimiento en la zona pretibial derecha, que inicialmente sugirió el diagnóstico de lipoma. El estudio histopatológico mostró la presencia de un infiltrado inflamatorio polimórfico inmerso en una matriz mixoide e hialina. Entremezcladas entre las células inflamatorias existían varias poblaciones de células tumorales: en primer lugar, unas células atípicas de morfología fusiformes; en segundo lugar, unas células epitelioides bizarras, algunas de las cuales eran multinucleadas y recordaban a los virocitos o células de Reed-Sternberg; por último, unas células de citoplasma amplio multivacuolado que recordaban a los lipoblastos. Estos hallazgos clínico-patológicos permitieron el diagnóstico de tumor mixohialino inflamatorio de las áreas distales de las extremidades. A pesar de que la tumoración se extirpó con márgenes quirúrgicos amplios, presentó una recidiva local tres meses después que fue tratada con nueva extirpación quirúrgica y radioterapia (AU)

Inflammatory myxohyaline tumor of the distal extremities is an extremely rare low-grade sarcoma with a tendency to produce local recurrence after surgical excision, but with a low metastatic potential. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with a slow-growing asymptomatic tumor on the right pretibial region that was initially considered to be a lipoma. Histopathology revealed the presence of a polymorphic inflammatory infiltrate within a myxoid and hyaline matrix. Interspersed between the inflammatory cells were 3 different populations of neoplastic cells: atypical spindle-shaped cells; bizarre epithelioid cells, some of which were multinucleated and resembled the virocytes or Reed-Sternberg cells; and cells with abundant, vacuolated cytoplasm, similar to lipoblasts. These clinical-pathologic findings led to a diagnosis of inflammatory myxohyaline tumor of the distal extremities. Although the tumor was excised with wide surgical margins, local recurrence developed after 3 months and was treated with re-excision and radiotherapy (AU)

[Inflammatory myxohyaline tumor of the distal extremities]. / Tumor mixohialino inflamatorio de las zonas distales de las extremidades.

Inflammatory myxohyaline tumor of the distal extremities is an extremely rare low-grade sarcoma with a tendency to produce local recurrence after surgical excision, but with a low metastatic potential. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with a slow-growing asymptomatic tumor on the right pretibial region that was initially considered to be a lipoma. Histopathology revealed the presence of a polymorphic inflammatory infiltrate within a myxoid and hyaline matrix. Interspersed between the inflammatory cells were 3 different populations of neoplastic cells: atypical spindle-shaped cells; bizarre epithelioid cells, some of which were multinucleated and resembled the virocytes or Reed-Sternberg cells; and cells with abundant, vacuolated cytoplasm, similar to lipoblasts. These clinical-pathologic findings led to a diagnosis of inflammatory myxohyaline tumor of the distal extremities. Although the tumor was excised with wide surgical margins, local recurrence developed after 3 months and was treated with re-excision and radiotherapy.

[Study of the stroke and coronary risks in hypertensive patients over 54 years of age in the primary care practice]. / Estudio del riesgo coronario y de ictus en pacientes hipertensos mayores de 54 años atendidos en Atención Primaria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Quantification of stroke risk is not always performed in hypertensive patients in Primary Care. METHODS: This was an epidemiological study in hypertensive patients aged 55 years and older attending primary care centres in Spain. The D'Agostino Stroke Risk Scale, using data from the Framingham Study, was used for assessment of stroke risk. RESULTS: We analysed 4,945 patients (mean age, 66.8 years; 50.9% females). Mean blood pressure (BP) values were 145/86 mmHg in men and 143.7/84.7 mmHg in women (p < 0.001). The majority of patients (80.5%) showed high BP values that were above the values recommended in the guidelines, despite most of them (89.6%) receiving pharmacological antihypertensive treatment. 41% of patients were diabetics. The 10-year global risk of stroke was 22.5%, and was higher in men (28.6% vs. 16.8%; P < 0.001). The risk of stroke increased with age, being more marked in women. Several risk factors showed a statistically significant association with the risk of stroke. From higher to lower significance, these risk factors were: age, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), cardiovascular disease, systolic BP, auricular fibrillation, diabetes, cigarette smoking, control of BP, gender, and antihypertensive treatment. The 10-year coronary risk was higher in men (24.2% vs. 16.0%; p < 0.001) and was significantly related to the 10-year risk of stroke (r = 0.626). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of stroke in the Spanish hypertensive population is high, and is significantly higher in men, although it shows a larger age-related increase in women. Linear regression analysis showed a moderate, but statistically significant, correlation between coronary risk and risk of stroke. Apart from all the variables included in the Framingham Stroke Risk Model, gender, control of BP, and antihypertensive treatment accounted significantly and independently as calculated risk factors for incidence of stroke.

Estudio del riesgo coronario y de ictus en pacientes hipertensos mayores de 54 años atendidos en Atención Primaria / Study of the stroke and coronary risks in hypertensive patients over 54 years of age in the primary care practice

Antecedentes y objetivos. La cuantificación del riesgocerebrovascular no es una práctica extendida enpacientes hipertensos atendidos en Atención Primaria.Métodos. Estudio epidemiológico transversal enpacientes hipertensos mayores de 54 añosatendidos en Atención Primaria en España. Secalculó el riesgo de ictus mediante la escalaFramingham-D’Agostino.Resultados. La población evaluable fue de 4.945pacientes (edad media: 66,8 años, 50,9% de mujeres).La presión arterial (PA) media fue de 145/86 mmHgen varones y de 143,7/84,7 mmHg en mujeres(p < 0,001). El 80,5% de los pacientes mostró uncontrol inadecuado de la PA a pesar de que el 89,6%recibía un tratamiento farmacológico antihipertensivo.El 41% de los pacientes era diabético. El riesgo globalde ictus en 10 años fue del 22,5%, superior envarones (28,6 frente al 16,8%; p < 0,001) y aumentócon la edad, de forma más pronunciada en mujeres.Los factores significativamente asociados a padecerictus, según su porcentaje de contribución, fueron laedad, la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda, laenfermedad cardiovascular, la PA sistólica, lafibrilación auricular, la diabetes, el hábito tabáquico, elcontrol de la PA, el sexo y el tratamientoantihipertensivo. El riesgo coronario medio estimadoen 10 años fue superior en varones (24,2 frente al16,0%; p < 0,001) y se correlacionósignificativamente con el de ictus (r = 0,626).Conclusiones. El riesgo estimado de ictus en estamuestra de población hipertensa fue alto ysignificativamente más elevado en varones, aunquecon la edad se incrementa proporcionalmente másen mujeres. Se observó una correlación linealmoderada, pero significativa, entre el riesgo de ictusy el riesgo coronario. Además de las variablesincluidas en la escala, el sexo, el control de la PA ytratamiento antihipertensivo influyeron significativa eindependientemente en el riesgo calculado de ictus

Background and objectives. Quantification of strokerisk is not always performed in hypertensive patientsin Primary Care.Methods. This was an epidemiological study inhypertensive patients aged 55 years and older attendingprimary care centres in Spain. The D’Agostino StrokeRisk Scale, using data from the Framingham Study, wasused for assessment of stroke risk.Results. We analysed 4,945 patients (mean age,66.8 years; 50.9% females). Mean blood pressure(BP) values were 145/86 mmHg in men and143.7/84.7 mmHg in women (p < 0.001). Themajority of patients (80.5%) showed high BP valuesthat were above the values recommended in theguidelines, despite most of them (89.6%) receivingpharmacological antihypertensive treatment. 41% ofpatients were diabetics. The 10-year global risk ofstroke was 22.5%, and was higher in men (28.6% vs.16.8%; P < 0.001). The risk of stroke increased withage, being more marked in women. Several riskfactors showed a statistically significant associationwith the risk of stroke. From higher to lowersignificance, these risk factors were: age, leftventricular hypertrophy (LVH), cardiovasculardisease, systolic BP, auricular fibrillation, diabetes,cigarette smoking, control of BP, gender, andantihypertensive treatment.The 10-year coronary risk was higher in men(24.2% vs. 16.0%; p < 0.001) and was significantlyrelated to the 10-year risk of stroke (r = 0.626).Conclusions. The risk of stroke in the Spanishhypertensive population is high, and is significantlyhigher in men, although it shows a larger age-relatedincrease in women. Linear regression analysis showeda moderate, but statistically significant, correlationbetween coronary risk and risk of stroke. Apart fromall the variables included in the Framingham StrokeRisk Model, gender, control of BP, andantihypertensive treatment accounted significantlyand independently as calculated risk factors forincidence of stroke

Neutrophilic dermatosis resembling pyoderma gangrenosum in a dog with polyarthritis.

This report describes a case of neutrophilic dermatosis in a dog, with a number of clinical and pathological similarities to human pyoderma gangrenosum. A seven-year-old, female German shepherd dog with a history of non-erosive idiopathic polyarthritis was presented with severe facial swelling, bilateral erosivoulcerative lesions on the muzzle and multiple, eroded, dermal-subcutaneous nodules on the cranial trunk. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies revealed a necrotising neutrophilic dermatitis. No infectious agents could be detected using specific stains, immunohistochemistry, serology and bacterial aerobic, anaerobic or fungal cultures. A sterile neutrophilic dermatosis resembling human pyoderma gangrenosum was presumptively diagnosed, and the patient showed an excellent response to treatment with prednisone and ciclosporin.

Deporte y nutrientes antioxidantes. Ficción o realidad / Antioxidant nutrients in sport: fact of fiction?

No disponible

Characterization of a gene similar to BIK1 in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bik1p is a microtubule plus-end-tracking protein that plays several roles in mitosis and ploidy. KlBik1p (from Kluyveromyces lactis) maintains the same structural-domain organization as does S. cerevisiae Bik1p. As part of its characterization, we constructed a stable klbik1 mutant which is sensitive to benomyl only at 14 degrees C and has a higher frequency of crescent-shaped nuclei than S. cerevisiae bik1 mutants. This phenotype is partially rescued by S. cerevisiae BIK1. Other phenotypes associated with bik1 are not present in the K. lactis mutant. By fusion to GFP we were able to show the functionality of the KlBik1p CAP-Gly domain and found that the fusion protein changes its cellular location during the cell cycle.

Modulation of cytosolic calcium levels in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells by olpadronate and its amino-derivative IG-9402.

The molecular mechanisms as well as the structure/activity relationships involved in the antiresorptive actions of bisphosphonates on bone cells are still not clear. Replacement of the R1-hydroxyl by an NH2 group in olpadronate (OPD) abolishes its antiresorptive activity. We show here that in the rat osteosarcoma-derived osteoblast-like ROS 17/2.8 cell line, OPD and IG-9402 (NH2-OPD; [3-(N,N-dimethylamine)-1-aminopropylidene bisphosphonate]), similar to 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3, rapidly modulate cytosolic calcium levels ([Ca2+]i). As for the steroid hormone, the osteosarcoma cell Ca2+i response to OPD was rapid (30 sec) and sustained (>5 min), exhibiting a biphasic profile. The response to IG-9402 was also fast but smaller than that of OPD and 1,25(OH)2D3, and rapidly declined to levels near basal. The effect of these bisphosphonates on [Ca2+]i was dose-dependent, being maximal at 10(-8) M and was not observed in non-bone cellular systems, e.g., skeletal muscle and breast cells. Pretreatment of the ROS 17/2.8 cells with the Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil markedly reduced (>70%) the influx phase of the response to OPD and almost completely inhibited that of IG-9402, indicating the participation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the action of both compounds. Moreover, preincubation with the phospholipase C inhibitors U73122 and neomycin or depletion of inner stores with thapsigargin completely blocked the response to either olpadronate or its amino-derivative. Both OPD and IG-9402 significantly increased osteocalcin release into the culture medium of osteosarcoma cells. The results support the involvement of the Ca2+ signaling pathway as part of the mechanism by which bisphosphonates induce bone cellular responses.

Vitamin A deficiency causes oxidative damage to liver mitochondria in rats.

Mitochondrial damage in rat liver induced by chronic vitamin A-deficiency was studied using three different groups of rats: (i) control rats, (ii) rats fed a vitamin A-free diet until 50 d after birth and (iii) vitamin A-deficient rats re-fed a control diet for 30 d. No statistical difference in body weight and food intake was found between control and vitamin A-deficient rats. Liver GSH concentration was similar in both groups. However, in vitamin A-deficient rats, the mitochondrial GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly lower and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (oxo8dG) were higher when compared to control rats. These values were partially restored in re-fed rats. The mitochondrial membrane potential of vitamin A-deficient rats was significantly lower than in control rats and returned to normal levels in restored vitamin A rats. Two populations of mitochondria were found in vitamin A-deficient rats according to the composition of membrane lipids. One population showed a similar pattern to the control mitochondria and the second population had a higher membrane lipid content. This report emphasizes the protective role of vitamin A in liver mitochondria under physiological circumstances.