ABSTRACT
Although the relationship between antipsychotic medication, particularly second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), and metabolic disturbance is increasingly accepted, there is an important, but little recognised, potential interaction between this and the other important serious adverse effect of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). We report a case of a 35-year old female who developed new onset type II diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic coma and acute renal failure following treatment with a SGA for a first manic episode. The history is strongly suggestive of concurrent NMS. This case raises important questions about non-ketotic, hyperosmolar diabetic coma with antipsychotics, the possible association between hyperglycaemia and hyperthermia, and the direction of causality in this, the recognition of either syndrome when they co-exist and management issues in such patients. These questions are considered in the context of currently available literature.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Benzodiazepines/adverse effects , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/chemically induced , Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced , Female , Humans , OlanzapineABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although microembolization may not be associated with focal neurological events following carotid endarterectomy (CEA), it might contribute towards cognitive impairment. METHODS: Forty-nine patients undergoing CEA underwent 30 min of preoperative ipsilateral transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring and a battery of tests of cognitive function, and the results were compared with those of age-matched normal controls. RESULTS: Seven patients who were spontaneously embolizing had significantly worse preoperative cognitive function scores than 42 patients with no recorded emboli (P = 0.03). Overall, patients undergoing CEA had a significant cognitive deficit compared with age-matched normal controls. CONCLUSION: Patients who have evidence of spontaneous preoperative embolization on TCD monitoring have a greater degree of preoperative cognitive impairment. This finding underlines the potential clinical importance of microembolization and suggests that this phenomenon should be investigated further.
