[EVALUATION OF NUTRIENT MEDIA TO GROW SOME INFECTION DISEASES CAUSATIVE AGENTS].

The detection methods for microbial agents that have eidemiological significance are diversity but cultivation on nutritional media remains the gold standard in microbiological diagnostics. Choice of medium depends on the conditions in which bacteria were early and is present. The nature life determines its physiological peculiarity then a metabolic plasticity promote to survive and to save the virulence. In this review on the example of Yersihia pestis and Vibrio cholerae performed evaluations of the efficient decisions for the bacterial media development. It is declared advantage of baker's yeast hydrolisate as the nutrition media base.

[Role of lipopolysaccharide in the action of complement on gram negative bacteria]. / Rol' lipopolisakharida pri vozdeistvii komplementa na gramotritsatel'nye bakterii.

In this review a short description of the methods for the activation of the complement system and data on the role of different structures of lipopolysaccharide of gram negative bacteria in this process are presented. Variants of complement-induced bacteriolysis are considered. Special attention is given to cholera infection and the role of Vibrio cholerae O139 polysaccharide in interaction with the complement.

[Antigenic specificity of Vibrio cholerae O139 nitrosoguanidine mutants]. / Antigennaia osobennost' nitrozoguanidinovykh mutantov Vibrio cholerae O139.

The action of nitrosoguanidine (NG) on the culture of V. cholerae O139 P-16064 resulted in the appearance of mutant 16064 NG6, not agglutinating with commercial diagnostic serum O139. Its incapacity of agglutination was due to the sorption of the specific serum with strains V. cholerae O22 and R-variant RCA-385, which caused the loss of antibodies to common determinants. Experiments with the sorption of immune sera made it possible to suggest that one of the determinants of LPS O139, phosphate-galactose, was absent in NG mutant.

[Dynamics of the isolation and biological properties of Vibrio cholerae cultures, serogroups 01 and 0139, isolated from water reservoirs and sewage water on the territory of the city of Rostov-on-Don]. / Dinamika vydeleniia i biologicheskie svoistva kul'tur kholernykh vibrionov 01 i 0139 serogrupp, vydelennykh iz poverkhnostnykh vodoemov i stochnykh vod na territorii g. Rostov-na-Donu.

The dynamics of the isolation of V. cholerae cultures from various water objects on the territory of Rostov-on-Don during the period of 1994-2001 was analyzed and biological properties of 14 such cultures were studied. In the absence of epidemic complications during the above-mentioned period, a growth in the amount of V. cholerae isolates, serogroups 01 and 0139, including toxigenic V. cholerae 01, was registered. The microbiological and epidemiological aspects of the monitoring of surface reservoirs and sewage were considered and the expediency of the profound and systematic study of its results for epidemiological surveillance on cholera was emphasized.

[Evaluation of polysaccharide antigens of Vibrio cholerae O139 of different origin by monoclonal antibodies]. / Otsenka polisakharidnykh antigenov Vibrio cholerae O139 razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniia s pomoshch'iu monoklonal'nykh antitel.

The epitope composition of O-polysaccharides in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of V. cholerae, serogroup O139, isolated from clinical material and water of surface reservoirs was analyzed with the use of monoclonal antibodies. The analysis demonstrated that these O-polysaccharides were similar in their structure and chemical composition. In LPS of V. cholerae O139 clinical strains O-polysaccharide determinants occurred more often. Among V. cholerae isolated from water strains on whose surface individual epitopes of O-polysaccharide occurred less frequently or were absent appeared to be more numerous. A decrease in the concentration of microbial cells in the process of their testing by immunological methods led to increased percent of negative reactions with specific antibodies. Some V. cholerae O139 strains isolated from water were similar in the epitope composition of their O-polysaccharide and binding activity to cultures isolated from humans. As indicated by the results of these studies, cholera vibrios Bengal and vibrios isolated from river water on the territory of Russia had quantitative differences due to a higher level of the production of O-polysaccharide determinants and their occurrence in V. cholerae of serogroup O139.

[Aspects of Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide]. / Osobennosti lipopolisakharida Vibrio cholerae.

In this review information on the chemical structure, biosynthesis, antigenic and biological properties of V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is presented. The specific structural feature of this LPS is a small size of the polysaccharide chain of O-antigen. In vibrios of serogroup O 139 it is oligosaccharide. The modification of the O-chain (methylation of individual sugars, shortened chain, etc.) plays an essential role in the antigenic specificity of V. cholerae LPS. All these factors affect of endotoxin function, the microbial resistance to external influences. V. cholerae LPS takes part in the formation of microcapsules and biofilms. The evolutional development of V. cholerae in this direction determines, to some extent, their increased resistance in the environment. In human body the heterogeneity of the LPS composition permits the preservation of vibrios and ensures, together with cholerogen, their pathogenetic action.

[Experimental study of mixed infection by Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhi]. / Izuchenie smeshannoi infektsii, vyzyvaemoi Vibrio cholerae i Salmonella typhi, v éksperimente.

Mixed infection caused by V.cholerae and S.typhi was studied on guinea pig gall-bladder, used as an experimental model. These microorganisms coexisted in association in animals and exhibited no pronounced antagonistic properties in vitro. The cultures isolated from the organs of infected guinea pigs did not differ from initial ones. The study revealed that in nutrient broth containing 50% of dried bile salmonellae were preserved, but not V.cholerae. The latter could co-exist with S.typhi in 1% biliary medium prepared on meat-peptone broth (MPB). The use of bile and MPB as the basis for media intended for the study of material obtained from cholera and typhoid fever patients is recommended.

[A comparative study of the immunogenicity of a bacterial mass and of the cell membranes of Vibrio cholerae grown in vivo and in vitro]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie immunogennosti bakterial'noi massy i kletochnykh obolochek Vibrio cholerae, vyrashchennykh in vivo i in vitro.

The comparative study of the immunogenic and protective properties of V. cholerae, grown in vivo and in vitro, and cell walls and lysates obtained from these organisms. In the mouse protection test the efficacy of preparations obtained from vibrios grown in vivo did not exceed that of the preparations obtained from V. cholerae agar cultures.

[An analysis of the chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers in the manufacture of pyromellitic dianhydride]. / Analiz khromosomnykh aberratsii v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi rabochikh v usloviiakh proizvodstva piromellitovogo diangidrida.

The report covers results of cytogenetic screening of workers engaged into pyromellitic dianhydride production. Occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes was studied in 42 workers and 35 donors. The group of the workers exposed to pyromellitic dianhydride demonstrated reliably increased occurrence of aberrant metaphases (4.47%) in comparison with the value in the reference group (2.29%). The principles showing formation of chromosomal aberrations were studied, and their dependences on sex, age, length of service and smoking were revealed. The data obtained prove potential mutagenic danger of the stated production. Revealed stabilization of genetic disorders, depending on longer length of service, could be connected with peculiarities of vital cycle of the lymphocyte units studied.

[The use of a CHO cell culture in studying Vibrio cholerae grown under different conditions]. / Ispol'zovanie kul'tury kletok CHO pri izuchenii kholernykh vibrionov, vyrashchennykh v razlichnykh usloviiakh.

Studies of biological activity of cholera vibrios in cultures of chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) have revealed their strong dependence on culture conditions. Elongation of CHO cells is caused only by choleragenic strains. Under stationary conditions of culture the vibrios were found to release haemolisin into the medium and had a cytotoxic effect. Most of cytotoxic supernatants exhibited a neuraminidase activity. Proteolytic activity was less dependent on the vibrio culture conditions. Strains with a high proteolytic activity caused rounding of the CHO cells.

[The composition of a population of cloned cultures of revertant Vibrio cholerae L forms]. / Izuchenie sostava populiatsii klonovykh kul'tur revertantov L-form kholernykh vibrionov.

The process of L-transformation and L-transformed state duration have been studied for their effect on variability of main characters of revertant cultures of choleric vibrions L-forms at the population level with the use of cloned cultures of the choleric vibrions. The study was conducted on two strains of the choleric vibrion of the eltor biovar in different periods of storage in the L-transformed state (1, 3, 6 months). It has been revealed that characters of the species and biovar remained stable despite the influence of L-transforming agents. The characters of clone cultures characterizing virulence (sensitivity to KhDF phages, hemolytic activity, toxin production and virulence for sucking rabbits proved to be subjected to variability to the greatest extent with simultaneous preservation of the toxin-production gene. A resistant change of the serovar (from Inaba to Ogava) is observed only in one revertant-subculture of the virulent strain.

[The population composition of cultures of Vibrio cholerae strain 569 B Pakistan in relation to the manufacture of a cholera vaccine (choleragen-anatoxin+O-antigen)]. / Izuchenie populiatsionnogo sostava kul'tur Vibrio cholerae shtamma 569 B Pakistan v sviazi s proizvodstvom kholernoi vaktsiny (kholerogen-anatoksin+O-antigen).

The study of different subcultures of V. cholerae strain 569 B Pakistan, used as the source of choleragen in the production of cholera vaccine, has been made. The composition of the population formed by this strain has been found to be heterogeneous with respect to toxin formation. The control of changes occurring in the production culture by analyzing its population composition has been proposed.

[Effect of laser radiation on wound microflora]. / Deistvie lazernogo izlucheniia na mikrofloru ran.

The clinico-laboratory investigation of the effect of the low-intensity monochromatic red light of laser upon certain types of the wound microflora has been carried out. It has been established that different duration of laser radiation (both single and repeated) fails to change the pathogenic properties of microbes, nor does it influence the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the growth of some cultures of microorganisms.

[Possibility of purifying cholera toxin (choleragen) and its antibodies by an immunosorption method]. / Izuchenie vozmozhnosti ochistki kholernogo toksina (kholerogena) i antitel k nemu metodom immunosorbtsii.

A study was made to establish the possibility of using an immune adsorbent based on polyacrylamide gel with the concentration of T = 10% and C = 25% for the purification of cholerogen and antibodies to it. For the isolation of cholera toxin the gamma globulin fraction of antitoxic serum was incorporated into the adsorbent; for obtaining antibodies an adsorbent with partially purified cholerogen was used. Desorption was made with 3 M sodium rhodanide solution. The yield of cholerogen was 41%, and the yield of antibodies was 4.5%. The non-specific sorption of the immune adsorbents was insignificant.

[Electron microscopy of cholera vibrios from the intestinal contents of infected suckling rabbits]. / Elektronnaia mikroskopiia kholernykh vibrionov iz soderzhimogo kishechnika zapazhennykh krolokov-sosunkov

Electron microscopic study of the cells of classic, El Tor and NAG-vibrios showed them to be no different by the structure type from the cells of ofter Gram-negative bacteria. A characteristic peculiarity of the cholera vibrios revealed after their passage through the intestine of nursling rabbits was the presence of microcapsules and protrusions of the areas of the wall membranous apparatus.