[Incidence rate of rheumatic diseases in Russian population: 10-year analysis]. / Zabolevaemost' naseleniia Rossii revmaticheskimi bolezniami (analiz za 10 let).

AIM: To analyze trends in rheumatic diseases (RD) incidence rate in population of Russia for a recent decade. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical RD statistics for all regions of Russia for 10 years (1990-1999) have been analysed. RESULTS: Annual number of primary patients with RD has increased for 1990-1999 from 9,147,000 to 12,378,000 (by 35.3%). The percentage of patients with acute rheumatic fever and chronic RD of the heart diminished from 6.5 to 2.9%. Most of the diseases constitute the diseases of osteomuscular system and connective tissue (DOMS). The number of new cases with rheumatic heart diseases (RHD) in adolescents and adults has risen by 50 and 40%, respectively. RHD are especially frequent in the Volga-Vyatka and North-Caucasian regions (2.5 and 2.3 per 1000 against mean Russian 1.7). A total DOMS morbidity has increased for the recent decade by 41%. It is higher in the Central and North regions, in the West Siberia and lower in the North Caucasus, Far East, East Siberia. For the 7 years the above morbidity among children rose 2-fold, among adolescents--2.4-fold. Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylarthritis in adult population of Russia has changed insignificantly while osteoarthrosis total and primary occurrence for 6 years increased by 78 and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSION: RD become a real challenge for health service of Russia. Changes in RD structure require correction of the rheumatic service activities.

[Vitamins with antioxidant action and rheumatic diseases (a review)]. / Vitaminy antioksidantnogo deistviia i revmaticheskie zabolevaniia (obzor).

The review of the modern literature about a role of essential dietary antioxidants and first of all of vitamins E, C, P, A and carotenoids in protection of cell components against of damage by excessive strengthening of free radical oxidation is submitted. Expediency of inclusion of antioxidant vitamins in complex therapy of rheumatic diseases is discussed taking into account the failure in an antioxidant system and excessive strengthening of free radical oxidation as important symptoms in development of rheumatic diseases.

[Biologically active garlic compounds and perspectives of their use in the therapeutic and prophylactic diet (review)]. / Biologicheski aktivnye komponenty chesnoka i perspektivy ikh ispolzovaniia v lechebno-profilakticheskom pitanii (obzor).

Therapeutic action of garlic and garlic's preparations at diseases of vessels and heart, organs of digestion, breachs of lipid exchange and system mycosis was connected with presence of complex of sulfur contain compounds:thiosulfinates, dialkilsulfides, dithiins, adgoens, thioglycosidepeptides. These compounds were picked out from garlic or synthesired rendered corresponding action to blood's properties, metabolism and infection processes in organism. Garlic preparations in composition of products of nutrition can be effective for different system of prophylactice nutrition and dietotherapy. Scientific and technical dataes were essential for preparation of technology of new products from garlic.

[Purification and some physico-chemical and enzymatic properties of tissue kallikrein from human urine]. / Ochistka i nekotorye fiziko-khimicheskie i énzimaticheskie svoistva tkanevogo kallikreina iz mochi cheloveka.

A procedure for obtaining tissue kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.35) from large specimens of human urea (100 l) has been developed. The isolation procedure included primary extraction of the protein with chitosan (a crustacean chitin deacylated by alkaline treatment), desorption from chitosan with 1 M NH3, affinity chromatography on contrical-Sepharose, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. This method permits to obtain tissue kallikrein preparations purified 1080-fold (with respect to AcPheArg-OEt esterase) and 1360-fold (with respect to kininogenase) with 33 and 40% yields, respectively. Tissue kallikrein preparations were homogeneous as could be judged from the results of electrophoresis performed in 12% PAAG in the presence of 0.1% SDS as well as from the presence of one N-terminal amino acid identified as isoleucine. Purified tissue kallikrein had specific activities of 133 mumol/min/mg protein (with respect to AcPheArg-OEt hydrolysis) and 8.8 mumol/min/mg protein (with respect to D-Val-Leu-Arg-pNa hydrolysis) and liberated 462 micrograms equiv. of bradykinin/min/mg protein from heated human blood plasma used as a kininogen source. The protein exhibited the highest stability at pH 8.0-9.0; the pH optimum is at pH 8.0 with AcPheArg-OMe as substrate. The enzyme revealed a high thermostability and was fully inactivated only after 1-hour heating in a boiling water bath. The identity of the urine enzyme to tissue kallikrein could be confirmed by the resistance of the enzyme activity to SIT, high sensitivity to the inhibiting effect of aprotinin (Ki = 0.94 x 10(-10) M) and by an exceedingly low value of the second order inhibition constant for DPP (4.6 M-1 min-1). The fact that this value differs drastically from that for human blood plasma kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.34) which is equal to 360 M-1 min-1 points to marked differences in the structure of the active centers of the both kallikreins as well as to the uniqueness of the tissue kallikrein active center.

[Effective method of simultaneous extraction from the urine and purification of tissue kallikrein and acid-stable trypsin inhibitor]. / Effektivnyi sposob odnovremennogo izvlecheniia iz mochi i ochistki tkanevogo kallikreina i kislotostabil'nogo ingibitora tripsina.

A simple preparative procedure is developed for simultaneous isolation from urine of tissue kallikrein and acid stable trypsin inhibitor. The procedure involved adsorption of these proteins on chitosan at pH 5-6 and the subsequent elution with 1 N NH4OH, which enabled to obtain the enzyme and inhibitor with a yield of 80-90% and to purify 10-fold each of these components. Use of chitosan facilitated and simplified distinctly the large scale isolation from urine of the kallikrein and trypsin inhibitor, required for medicinal and diagnostic purposes.

[Hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L- and N-acetyl-D,L-methionine by microbial aminacylase]. / Gidroliz N-atsetil-L i N-atsetil-D,L-metionina mikrobnoi aminoatsilazoi.

The kinetics of N-acetyl-L- and N-acetyl-D,L-methionine hydrolysis by aminoacylase from Asp. oryzae were studied. The maximal rate of the reaction was found to be about 2000 mu moles of L-methionine per mg of protein per hour; Km was equal to about 1.10(-1) M for both the racemic and optically active substrates. In the presence of Co(II) ions (the molar ratio of N-acetyl-L-methionine/Co(II) was 100:1) the reaction velocity was increased. The values of approximately 4500 and approximately 3000 mu moles per mg per hour were-attained with L-enantiomer and racemic substrates, respectively. The Km values were decreased down to 2.10(-2) M and 1.4.10(-2) M, respectively.