[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of pefloxacin in experimental infections]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia éffektivnost' pefloksatsina pri éksperimental'nykh infektsiiakh.

High efficacy of pefloxacin was shown in its study on albino mice with experimental infections such as sepsis, pneumonia and peritonitis. In the effective doses administered orally the drug rapidly arrested the clinical signs of the diseases and provided the sanation of the organs and tissues. The broad antibacterial spectrum of pefloxacin substantiated its efficacy in the treatment of purulent septic processes due to gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, as well as in the treatment of mixed infections. It is a drug with prolonged action which was confirmed with its prophylactic use. Pefloxacin was efficient in the treatment of infections of various severity.

[Immunomodulating action of peptidoglycan of microbial origin]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie peptidoglikana mikrobnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

The action of a high molecular weight peptidoglycan produced by Agrobacter radiobacter sp. on the functional activity parameters in leukocytes and macrophages i. e. chemotaxis and adhesion was studied. It was shown that the peptidoglycan had a stimulating action on the chemotaxis of cells of the peritoneal exudate. A marked stimulating action of the drug on the primary immune response to the tissue antigen of sheep erythrocytes was observed. The peptidoglycan stimulated the antibody titers and delayed hypersensitivity when administered in various periods after an antigenic stimulus. Multifactorial experiments on the protective action of the peptidoglycan in experimental infections were carried out. Second-order polynomial statistic models characterizing the animal survival rate were constructed and the dose-time parameters of the drug use were optimized.

[Therapeutic form of doxycycline hydrochloride for intravenous administration in the treatment of suppurative-septic diseases]. / Lekarstvennaia forma doksitsiklina gidrokhlorida dlia vnutrivennogo vvedeniia pri lechenii gnoino-septicheskikh zabolevanii.

Efficacy of doxycycline hydrochloride administered intravenously was studied in treatment of severe purulent inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia, lung abscesses, pyothorax, skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis, purulent cholangitis, etc.. Doxycycline showed significant advantages over tetracyclines: prolonged action, higher efficacy and good tolerance. Favourable results were observed in 85 per cent of the cases.

[Gentacycol--a delayed-action form of gentamicin in the treatment of suppurative infection]. / Gentatsikol--prolongirovannaia lekarstvennaia forma gentamitsina v lechenii gnoinoi inferktsii.

Efficacy of gentacycol was studied in the treatment of various purulent infections. It was used in therapy of hematogenic and traumatic osteomyelitis, wound infections, soft tissue abscesses, purulent diffuse peritonitis as a complication of comissural ileus or appendectomy, pyothorax, destructive pneumonia and mediastinitis. Gentacycol ++ was also used for the prophylaxis in cholecystectomy, herniotomy and other conditions. The favourable results were stated in 93 per cent of the cases.

[Rifampicin in the treatment of infections of non-tuberculous etiology]. / Rifampitsin pri lechenii infektsii netuberkuleznoi étiologii.

Clinical efficacy of rifampicin, a semisynthetic broad spectrum antibiotic was estimated in 247 patients with purulent inflammations. It was shown advisable to use rifampicin intravenously in treatment of severe bronchopulmonary pathology, disorders of the bile excretion system, osteomyelitis, severe wound infections and in prophylaxis of postoperative purulent complications in cardiovascular surgery and other cases. High rifampicin sensitivity of staphylococci and streptococci belonging to various species was revealed. Rifampicin was found to be less active against gramnegative pathogens. The isolation frequency of rifampicin sensitive strains of E. coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa amounted to 88.4, 52.1, 58.8 and 49.3 per cent respectively.

[Methodological aspects of an experimental multifactorial study of the combined use of antibiotics and immunomodulators]. / Metodicheskie aspekty éksperimental'nogo mnogofaktornogo izucheniia kombinirovannogo primeneniia antibiotikov i immunomoduliatorov.

Methodological approaches to investigation of the protective effect of natural immunomodulators are described. The use of multifactorial experiment design, a model of infectious processes and immunomodulators alone or in combination with antibiotics is implied. Theoretical preconditions for rational choosing of the experimental factors and their levels, as well as specific designs are discussed. Potentialities of polynomial statistic model analysis in development of optimal regimens for combined chemoimmunotherapy are shown.

[Combined use of mytilan and gentamycin in experimental infections ]. / Kombinirovannoe primenenie mitilana i gentamitsina pri nekotorykh éksperimental'nykh infektsiiakh.

It was shown that mytilan, a polysaccharide isolated from the mantle of Crenomytilus grayanus stimulated the host nonspecific resistance to infections. This was evident from the survival rate of the animals infected with lethal doses of E. coli and S. aureus. In addition, the combined use of gentamicin and mytilan in treatment of the infections caused by the above organisms enabled to increase the antibiotic therapy efficacy with using lower doses of both the antibiotic and the polysaccharide.

[Experimental study of the antibacterial activity and chemotherapeutic effectiveness of amikacin sulfate]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie antibakterial'noi aktivnosti i khimioterapevticheskoi éffektivnosti amikatsina sul'fata.

In vitro antibacterial activity of amikacin against 250 strains of various microorganisms was studied. It was shown that the antibiotic had a broad antibacterial spectrum and was active against gentamicin and sisomicin resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. By the antibacterial spectrum amikacin was close to kanamycin. Still it differed from kanamycin by activity against P. aeruginosa. By the specific activity gentamicin and sisomicin were superior to amikacin. However, since amikacin was active against gentamicin resistant strains of various microorganisms it was considered advisable to use it as a reserve antibiotic in treatment of infections caused by such strains. High in vivo efficacy of amikacin was shown in experimental sepsis of albino mice due to staphylococci and gramnegative bacteria sensitive to the aminoglycosides and P. aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin and sisomicin.

[Methods of evaluating the efficacy of combinations of aminoglycosides with penicillins and their value for the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect in patients]. / Metody otsenki éffektivnosti kombinatsii aminoglikozidov s penitsillinami i ikh znachenie dlia vozmozhnosti prognozirovaniia lechebnogo éffekta u bol'nogo.

The efficacy of the combinations of aminoglycosides and penicillin with respect to Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Escherichia strains was estimated with the methods of two-fold serial dilutions of aminoglycosides and constant concentrations of penicillin and the "chess board" method. Correlation between the synergistic effect and sensitivity of the strains to separate components of the combinations was observed. For prediction of the combination efficacy these methods are not useful, since they are labour-intensive and their results are very variable. In this connection a simple informative test is recommended. With the use of this test it is possible to judge the chemotherapeutic efficacy of antibiotics and their combinations by the value of the serum antibacterial activity (titer) against the infection causative agent. The blood serum titer of at least 1:8 is accompanied by a pronounced effect. The test also indirectly provides information on the sensitivity of isolated pathogens and adequacy of the drug blood levels after administration of the chosen dose.

[Present-day aminoglycosides in the treatment of suppurative-septic diseases]. / Sovremennye aminoglikozidy v lechenii gnoino-septicheskikh zabolevanii.

The therapeutic efficacy, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin, gentamicin and a new dosage form of kanamycin sulfate as an ampoule solution for intravenous injection were studied clinically. High therapeutic efficacy of the above three aminoglycosides in the treatment of severe inflammatory infections caused by gram-negative bacteria was shown with the use of the adequate doses. Favourable results of the therapy estimated by the laboratory and clinical data were observed in 81-90 per cent of the patients.

[Experimental chemotherapeutic activity of sisomycin sulfate]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia aktivnost' sizomitsina sul'fata v éksperimente.

The chemotherapeutic activity of sisomicin was studied in comparison to that of gentamicin with respect to the experimental infection caused by grampositive and gram-negative organisms in albino mice. It was shown that sisomicin was 2-3 times more effective than gentamicin. The higher chemotherapeutic activity of sisomicin was confirmed by the data on the pathogen isolation from the animals.

[Dicloxacillin the treatment of suppurative inflammatory processes at various sites]. / Dikloksatsillin v lechenii gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessov razlichnoi lokalizatsii.

The efficacy of sodium dicloxacillin was studied in the treatment of pyo-inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, pyothorax, pulmonary abscess, osteomyelitis, burn disease, infections of the skin and soft tissues and others, caused by multiresistant staphylococci and other organisms sensitive to the antibiotic. The drug was effective both orally or parenterally. Satisfactory results were observed in more than 80 per cent of the patients (children and adults). It was well tolerated by the patients.

[Prolonged-action gentamycin sulfate eyedrops]. / Glaznye kapli gentamitsina sul'fata prolongirovannogo deistviia.

A new dosage form of gentamicin, 0.3 per cent eye drops with polyglucin was developed. Its pharmacokinetics and chemotherapeutic properties were studied. It was shown that in the form of eye drops gentamicin has a prolonged action, provides high levels of penetration into the eye tissues and is effective in the treatment of eye infections.

[Experimental study of the chemotherapeutic activity of gentamicin sulfate]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie khimioterapevticheskoi aktivnosti gentamitsina sul'fata

Antibacterial activity of gentamycin sulfate was studied in vitro and in treatment of albino mice with experimental infections. Gentamycin was superior to kanamycin with respect to its antibacterial effect against clinical strains of Staphylococcus, Coli bacteria, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa. High efficiency of gentamycin was found with respect to acute and chronic staphylococcal infection, acute Proteus and Coli sepsis. The antibiotic was characterized by low LD50, high chemotherapeutic index, rapid decrease in isolation of the causative agent from the animal organs. The activity of gentamycin against infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa was the main advantage of gentamycin in comparison to kanamycin.

[Dicloxacillin: its chemotherapeutic action and experimental kinetic characteristics]. / Dikloksatsillin: khimioterapevticheskoe deistvie i osobennosti kineti v éksperimente

Activity against 50 clinical staphylococcal strains, chemotherapeutic efficiency, absorption and distribution of dicloxacillin in animals were studied in comparison with oxacillin. It was found that dicloxacillin was superior to oxacillin with respect to a number of their properties. The antibiotic was characterized by a higher antistaphylococcal activity, especially with respect to methicillin resistant strains. It was more effective in treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia and septicopiemia of albino mice. The drug was better absorpted when used orally and was detected in the blood in therapeutic concentrations for long periods of time. The antibacterial titer of the blood serum after dicloxacillin administration was 4 times higher than that of oxacillin.