ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The extent to which a patient's socioeconomic conditions determine the persistence or control of chronic Chagas disease has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of socioeconomic conditions on clinical and serologic measures of disease progression. METHODS: Data on the following socioeconomic variables were obtained by questioning as part of medical history taking at admission: birth in a rural area, time of residence in endemic and urban areas (in years), overcrowding index (i.e. number of inhabitants/number of bedrooms), absence of toilet facilities, years of education, employed or unemployed, and health insurance coverage (i.e. private contributory medical insurance cover). The study endpoints for the Cox regression analysis were: consistently negative results on serologic tests and on tests for markers of cardiomyopathy progression by the end of the study. RESULTS: The study included 801 Argentine patients (mean age 42 years) who were followed up for a mean of 10 years between 1990 and 2005. After adjustment for age and antiparasitic treatment, negative seroconversion was associated with a short time of residence in an endemic area (hazard ratio [HR]=0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99; P=.004), a low overcrowding index (HR=0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97; P=.022) and medical insurance cover (HR=1.46; 95% CI, 1.01-2.09; P=.04). After adjustment for age, sex, ECG abnormalities and antiparasitic treatment, a low rate of cardiomyopathy progression was associated with more years of education (HR=0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97; P=.01) and higher medical insurance cover (HR=0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.81; P=.005). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic conditions had a significant effect on chronic Chagas disease progression which was independent of antiparasitic treatment and clinic characteristics.
Subject(s)
Chagas Cardiomyopathy/epidemiology , Adult , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/blood , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos. Las condiciones socioeconómicas del huésped no han sido evaluadas como determinantes de la persistencia o el control de la enfermedad de Chagas crónica. El objetivo fue valorar el impacto de las condiciones socioeconómicas sobre la evolución clínica y serológica. Métodos. Las variables socioeconómicas en estudio fueron obtenidas por interrogatorio como parte de la historia clínica de ingreso: nacimiento en área rural, tiempo de residencia en área endémica y urbana (años), índice de hacinamiento (número de habitantes/número de dormitorios), ausencia de instalaciones sanitarias, años de educación, ocupación/desocupación y cobertura social (planes de asistencia médica por aportación privada). La negativización de las pruebas serológicas y los indicadores de progresión de la cardiopatía al concluir el estudio fueron los puntos finales de evaluación para el análisis de regresión de Cox. Resultados. Se incluyó a 801 pacientes, de 42 años de edad y 10 años de seguimiento promedio, en Argentina, entre los años 1990 y 2005. Un aumento de la seroconversión negativa, ajustada para edad y tratamiento etiológico, se asoció con un menor tiempo de residencia en área endémica (hazard ratio [HR] = 0,97 [0,96-0,99]; p = 0,004), menor índice de hacinamiento (HR = 0,82 [0,70-0,97]; p = 0,022) y mayor cobertura social (HR = 1,46 [1,01-2,09]; p = 0,04). Una disminución de la progresión de la cardiopatía, ajustada para edad, sexo, electrocardiograma anormal y tratamiento etiológico, se observó en pacientes con más años de educación (HR = 0,88 [0,80-0,97]; p = 0,01) y con cobertura social (HR = 0,49 [0,30-0,81]; p = 0,005). Conclusiones. Las condiciones socioeconómicas mostraron un significativo impacto sobre la evolución de la enfermedad de Chagas crónica independientemente del tratamiento antiparasitario y las características clínicas (AU)
Introduction and objectives. The extent to which a patient’s socioeconomic conditions determine the persistence or control of chronic Chagas disease has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of socioeconomic conditions on clinical and serologic measures of disease progression. Methods. Data on the following socioeconomic variables were obtained by questioning as part of medical history taking at admission: birth in a rural area, time of residence in endemic and urban areas (in years), overcrowding index (ie, number of inhabitants/number of bedrooms), absence of toilet facilities, years of education, employed or unemployed, and health insurance coverage (ie, private contributory medical insurance cover). The study endpoints for the Cox regression analysis were consistently negative results on serologic tests and on tests for markers of cardiomyopathy progression by the end of the study. Results. The study included 801 Argentine patients (mean age, 42 years) who were followed up for a mean of 10 years between 1990 and 2005. After adjustment for age and antiparasitic treatment, negative seroconversion was associated with a short time of residence in an endemic area (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99; P=.004), a low overcrowding index (HR=0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97; P=.022) and medical insurance cover (HR=1.46; 95% CI, 1.01-2.09; P=.04). After adjustment for age, sex, ECG abnormalities, and antiparasitic treatment, a low rate of cardiomyopathy progression was associated with more years of education (HR=0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97;P=.01) and higher medical insurance cover (HR=0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.81; P=.005). Conclusions. Socioeconomic conditions had a significant effect on chronic Chagas disease progression which was independent of antiparasitic treatment and clinic characteristics (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Prognosis , Serologic Tests , Social ConditionsABSTRACT
The extent of inflammation, fibrosis, and progression of chronic Chagas heart disease (cChHD) was associated with persistence of parasite DNA in cardiac lesions of necropsies or explants from Argentinean cChHD patients. A Trypanosoma cruzi-based polymerase chain reaction showed a positive result in 1) 15% of cardiac sections with less than 10 mononuclear inflammatory cells/high-power field (440x) (MNC/HPF), 89% with 10-19 MNC/HPF, and 100% with more than 20 MNC/HPF (P < 0.0001); 2) 33% with less than 10% fibrosis, 79% with 10-19% fibrosis, and 100% with more than 20% fibrosis (P < 0.01); 3) 25% of specimens from patients classified in Kuschnir groups 0 and I, 70% in group II and 90% in group III (P < .001); and 4) 45% and 90% of the specimens from cChHD patients without or with heart failure, respectively (P < 0.01). These findings stress the role of the parasite in pathogenesis and disease progression of cChHD.
