ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ventilatory factors limit exercise in overweight and obese children during a 6-min step test and to compare ventilatory responses during this test with those of healthy weight children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, prospective comparative study. SUBJECTS: Twenty-six overweight/obese subjects and 25 healthy weight subjects with no known respiratory illness. MEASUREMENTS: Various fatness and fat distribution parameters (using air displacement plethysmography and anthropometry), pulmonary function tests, breath-by-breath gas analysis during exercise, perceived exertion. RESULTS: Young people who are overweight or obese are more likely to experience expiratory flow limitation (expFL) during submaximal exercise compared with their healthy weight peers [OR 7.2 (1.4, 37.3), P=0.019]. Subjects who had lower lung volumes at rest were even more likely to experience exercise-induced expFLs [OR 8.35 (1.4-49.3)]. Both groups displayed similar breathing strategies during submaximal exercise. CONCLUSION: Young people who are overweight/obese are more likely to display expFL during submaximal exercise compared with children of healthy weight . Use of compensatory breathing strategies appeared to enable overweight children to avoid the experience of breathlessness at this intensity of exercise.
Subject(s)
Dyspnea/etiology , Exercise Test , Exercise Tolerance , Exercise , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pulmonary Ventilation , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Sedentary Behavior , Adolescent , Body Weight , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Dyspnea/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Pediatric Obesity/physiopathology , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Forty-six previously untreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were entered into a Hoosier Oncology Group phase II trial of daily oral etoposide 50 mg/m2/d. The dose limiting toxicity was granulocytopenia. The non-hematologic toxicity was mild, with only 19% of patients developing Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia. Two partial responses of 10 and 16 weeks duration were seen in 43 evaluable patients, for an overall response rate of 4%. We conclude that daily oral etoposide has minimal activity in advanced NSCLC, and does not improve response rates over conventional 1-5 day intravenous etoposide administration.
