Ecology and Human Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

A brief overview of the main areas of research presented in the section "Ecology and human health" at the XV International Scientific Conference "Physics and Radioelectronics in Medicine and Ecology - PhREME'2022," held on June 28-30, 2022 in Suzdal', is presented.

[Gender-specific manifestations of daily physical activity and sedentary behaviour in elderly people of Surgut].

Objective of the study was to establish gender-specific characteristics of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in elderly people living in Yugra North. 295 residents of Surgut (102 men aged 62,9±5,3 years, 35%; 193 women aged 61,9±3,8 years, 65%) were subject to a IPAQ-RU questionnaire. The study revealed the gender-specific differences in body length and mass, body mass and body fat indices. It was detected that more energy is spent on the housework and physical activity in the country (moderate-intensity physical activity for women and high-intensity one for men). The study data showed no statistically significant gender-specific differences in general physical activity. Sedentary behavior is more popular among men rather than women (2543 vs 2441 min/week). 47% of low-active men and 56% of women reported the sitting times of 6-9 hours per day, 42% - 9-12 hours per day. Actions need to be taken to increase physical activity which is low at the moment and decrease sedentary behavior which is currently on the high level.

[Apparatus-free membrane plasmapheresis in the complex therapy of victims with crush syndrome during evacuation under the conditions of an aeromobile hospital of the Russian MChS Ministry].

The paper analyzes the results of treatment in victims with the crush syndrome under the conditions maximally close to those of emergency situations. It is concluded that plasma exchange procedures should be performed within the next few hours after taking the victims from the obstructions, which reduces the risk of acute lung damage and death rates in this group of patients to a considerable extent.

[Gastroesophageal reflux and the degree of esophagitis in patients with coronary heart disease: impact on myocardial repolarization parameters and cardiac rhythm variability]. / Gastroézofageal'nyi refliuks i stepen' ézofagita u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa: vliianie na pokazateli repoliarizatsii miokarda i variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma.

The specific features of myocardial repolarizing processes and heart rate variability (HRV) were studied in 67 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) concurrent with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (a study group), in 72 patients with CHD and in 46 patients with GERD (comparison groups). Patients with concomitant diseases showed a significant asynchronism of repolarizing processes and decreased HRV. A relationship was established between the presence and magnitude of inflammatory lower esophageal third changes, and the severity of myocardial repolarizing processes, and decreased HRV in patients with CHD + GERD.

[Risk factors in the development of hemoblastoses in the population of the Tomsk Region]. / Faktory riska v razvitii gemoblastozov u naseleniia Tomskoi oblasti.

The Tomsk Region belongs to the areas of Siberia and the Far East which show a higher risk for hemoblastoses in the population. Chronic leukemia are prevalent in the structure of oncohematologic morbidity in the Tomsk Region as compared with other areas of Siberia and the Far East. There is a relationship of technogenic environmental pollution to the incidence of some nosological entities of hemoblastoses in the Region. Measures for environmental improvement are gaining in significant importance in the cancer-combating system.

[Features of the clinical course and some electrophysiological characteristics of the myocardium in patients with combined gastroesophageal reflux and ischemic heart disease]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia i nekotorye élektrofiziologicheskie kharakteristiki miokarda u patsientov s sochetanie gastroézofageal'noi refliuksnoi bolezni i ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

We investigated the course of myocardial repolarization processes and cardiac rate disturbances in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) combined with ischemic heart disease (IHD). It was established that among patients with IHD GERD is revealed more often in patients with unstable angina. Asynchronism of myocardial repolarization processes is much higher in patients with combined pathology than in patients with GERD or IHD only, which indicates a higher risk of fatal arrhythmias and cardiac deaths in patients of this group.

[The monitoring of protein-volemic indices during plasmapheresis in patients with paraproteinemic hemoblastoses]. / Monitoring belkovo-volemicheskikh pokazatelei pri plazmafereze u bol'nykh paraproteinemicheskimi gemoblastozami.

We studied quantitative characteristics of plasma protein before, during and after 133 plasmapheresis (PA) procedures in patients with multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. A value of removed plasma volume (RPV) was calculated as a part plasma volume (PV) before PA with consideration of quantity and consequence of replacement solution. In the case when we removed 30% of calculated PV we replaced it only with electrolyte solutions. In the case of 50% PV removing, the replacement was a combination of low molecular weight dextran and electrolyte solutions (1:2) or 5% albumin and electrolyte solutions. The results support correlation between a level of total protein and RPV, kind of replacement solutions. We recommend two regression equations for efficient and safety planning RPV and for prediction of protein level after PA. This simple and fast method can be used for prognosis of critic PA parameters, to decrease a risk of side effects and for optimal use of albumin replacement solutions.

Poa semilatent virus, a hordeivirus having no internal polydisperse poly(A) in the 3' non-coding region of the RNA genome.

RNA from the Hungarian isolate of poa semilatent virus (PSLV) directed in vitro synthesis of 120K, 75K, 25K (coat protein) and 20K polypeptides. In vitro translation of PSLV RNA was blocked by the cap analogue, m7Gpp, thus suggesting that the virus RNA was capped. PSLV RNA could be aminoacylated with [14C]tyrosine in vitro. The sequence of 1.5 kb from the 3' end of the PSLV RNA gamma component revealed two open reading frames (ORFs) separated by a uridine-rich intergenic region. The putative product of the incomplete 5'-proximal ORF showed a close amino acid sequence similarity with the C-terminal segment of the gamma a protein (putative RNA replicase) encoded in the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) RNA gamma, and the 20K product of the 3'-proximal ORF was found to be related to the 17K gamma b product of BSMV. The sequence of 0.8 kb from the 3' end of PSLV RNA beta encompassed two (incomplete) overlapping ORFs whose putative products are related to the beta c and beta d proteins encoded in the similarly arranged ORFs of BSMV RNA beta. Nucleotide sequence homology between the respective parts of the two hordeivirus genomes was restricted to the ORF for gamma a, the spacer between the ORFs for gamma a and gamma b, and the 3' non-coding region, particularly the 95 nucleotide segment at the 3' end representing a tRNA-like structure. Despite limited sequence conservation beyond this segment, the entire 3' non-coding region of PSLV RNA could be folded in a tight pseudoknotted structure closely resembling that of BSMV RNA. Surprisingly, the 'signature' sequence typical for BSMV RNA, internal polydisperse poly(A) intercalated between the coding part of the 3' tRNA-like structure, was not detected in the PSLV genome. Instead, the virus RNA contained several oligoadenylate stretches spaced by other residues, close to the junction of its coding and 3' non-coding portions.

[Lipid peroxidation of the liver in liver disease]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov pecheni pri ee patologii.

Material of puncture biopsy of the human liver left after morphological study was used to explore enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation, NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity, the content of triglycerides, cholesterol and protein. It was shown that the degree of lipid peroxidation varies considerably in different liver diseases. The highest degree of lipid peroxidation was discovered in patients with fibrosis accompanied by the symptoms of fatty dystrophy. It was established that the rate of peroxidation does not directly correlate with the level of liver lipid infiltration. It is concluded that NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity mirrors adequately the nature of a liver disease and can be used as a highly sensitive and very specific enzymatic test.