ABSTRACT
The Aurora kinases have been the subject of considerable interest as targets for the development of new anticancer agents. While evidence suggests inhibition of Aurora B kinase gives rise to the more pronounced antiproliferative phenotype, the most clinically advanced agents reported to date typically inhibit both Aurora A and B. We have discovered a series of pyrazoloquinazolines, some of which show greater than 1000-fold selectivity for Aurora B over Aurora A kinase activity, in recombinant enzyme assays. These compounds have been designed for parenteral administration and achieve high levels of solubility by virtue of their ability to be delivered as readily activated phosphate derivatives. The prodrugs are comprehensively converted to the des-phosphate form in vivo, and the active species have advantageous pharmacokinetic properties and safety pharmacology profiles. The compounds display striking in vivo activity, and compound 5 (AZD1152) has been selected for clinical evaluation and is currently in phase 1 clinical trials.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Organophosphates/chemical synthesis , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrazoles/chemical synthesis , Quinazolines/chemical synthesis , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Aurora Kinase A , Aurora Kinase B , Aurora Kinases , Cell Division/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , ERG1 Potassium Channel , Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/drug effects , Female , Histones/metabolism , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Nude , Organophosphates/pharmacokinetics , Organophosphates/pharmacology , Phosphorylation , Prodrugs/chemical synthesis , Prodrugs/pharmacokinetics , Prodrugs/pharmacology , Protein Binding , Pyrazoles/pharmacokinetics , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Quinazolines/pharmacokinetics , Quinazolines/pharmacology , Rats , Recombinant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Structure-Activity Relationship , Transplantation, HeterologousABSTRACT
The synthesis of a novel series of quinazolines substituted at C4 by five-membered ring aminoheterocycles is reported. Their in vitro structure-activity relationships versus Aurora A and B serine-threonine kinases is discussed. Our results demonstrate that quinazolines with a substituted aminothiazole at C4 possess potent Aurora A and B inhibitory activity and excellent selectivity against a panel of various serine-threonine and tyrosine kinases, as exemplified by compound 46. We found also that the position and nature of the substituent on the thiazole play key roles in cellular potency. Compounds with an acetanilide substituent at C5' have the greatest cellular activity. The importance of the C5' position for substitution has been rationalized by ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Results show that the planar conformation with the sulfur of the thiazole next to the quinazoline N-3 is strongly favored over the other possible planar conformation. Compound 46 is a potent suppressor of the expression of phospho-histone H3 in tumor cells in vitro as well as in vivo, where 46, administered as its phosphate prodrug 54, suppresses the expression of phospho-histone H3 in subcutaneously implanted tumors in nude mice.