ABSTRACT
India has a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with unique clinical characteristics compared to other populations. Despite advancements in diabetes therapy, a significant number of patients in India still experience poor glycemic control and complications. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors continue to be an important component of T2DM treatment due to their favorable efficacy and tolerability profile. Given the current scenario, there is a need to revisit the role of DPP-4 inhibitors in T2DM management in Indian patients. This consensus paper aims to provide guidance on the utilization of DPP-4 inhibitors in T2DM management from an Indian perspective. A consensus group of 100 experts developed recommendations based on an extensive literature review and discussions. The expert group emphasized the importance of timely glycemic control, combination therapy, and targeting the underlying pathophysiology of T2DM. The combinations of DPP-4 inhibitors with metformin and/or sodium-glucose transport protein-2 inhibitors are rationalized in this paper, considering their complementary mechanisms of action. This paper provides valuable insights for clinicians in optimizing the management of T2DM in the Indian population with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and proposes an algorithm for selecting DPP-4 inhibitor-based therapies.
ABSTRACT
Biosorption has gained increased attention as a reliable and proven technology for the remediation of industrial effluents rich in chromium. The present study was planned to isolate potential fungi from effluents contaminated sites and assess their efficiency for the absorption and reduction of chromium. Two species of Aspergillus and a species of Trichoderma which were isolated from contaminated sites and exhibited resistance to 10 mM of chromium on agar were chosen for the study. A biosorbent was designed by growing these fungal isolates on luffa sponge under shaken condition. The absorption and reduction of chromium, by the designed biosorbent was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and UV Visible Spectrophotometer. Actively growing fungi on luffa sponge showed better absorption (21%-25%) and reduction (28%-35%) capacity when compared to heat killed biosorbent in all fungi tested within 24 h of incubation. Interestingly, there was a liner increase in the absorption and reduction (85%-100%) of chromium by the biosorbent designed by using A. niger.
