ABSTRACT
In an excitation range of 620-760 nm, resonance Raman spectra of aluminum dimers (Al2) in an argon matrix have been obtained for the first time. Temperature annealing experiments were performed to remove Raman lines attributed site effects caused by the Al2/Ar matrix. We observe a single fundamental at 293.3 (5) cm(-1) along with a progression up to 1149 (1) cm(-1). Taking successive differences of band centers we obtain spectroscopic constants for the ground state fundamental, w(e) = 297.5 (5) cm(-1), the anharmonicity, e(e)x(e) = 1.68 (8) cm(-1). Our results are in close agreement with previous experimental results for Al2 which designate the ground state as a 3piu state, and may be considered as confirmation of this assignment.
Subject(s)
Aluminum/chemistry , Argon/chemistry , Dimerization , Spectrum Analysis, RamanABSTRACT
Social subordination, which suppresses gonadal function in juvenile and adult male house mice, also suppresses the activity of an androgen-dependent urinary pheromone that accelerates the rate of sexual maturation in juvenile females. Pheromone production may also be suppressed by the presence of pregnant or lactating females. This suggests that the social environment may influence the fertility of population females by altering urinary pheromone activity in the male.
Subject(s)
Fertility , Mice/physiology , Pheromones/physiology , Population Density , Sexual Maturation , Social Dominance , Adrenal Glands/anatomy & histology , Aging , Animals , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Organ Size/drug effects , Pheromones/urine , Population Dynamics , Pregnancy , Seminal Vesicles/anatomy & histology , Social Environment , Stress, Psychological/physiology , Testis/anatomy & histology , Urine , Uterus/anatomy & histologySubject(s)
Androgens/physiology , Pheromones/urine , Sexual Maturation , Animals , Castration , Female , Male , Mice , Proteinuria/metabolism , Sexual Maturation/drug effects , Testosterone/physiology , UrinationABSTRACT
The sexual development of female mice is accelerated by exposure to an adult male or to male urine. The component of the urine responsible for this effect is androgen-dependent, heat labile, nondialysable, precipitatable with ammonium sulphate, and is not extractable in ether. These results indicate that the pheromone causing accelerated sexual development is associated with a protein component of male urine. Tests of the active fraction after digestion with proteolytic enzymes suggest that the pheromone may be a portion of a protein or a substance bound to a protein.
