Home-based COPD psychoeducation: A qualitative study of the patients' experiences.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the patients' experiences of a minimal home-based psychoeducative intervention aimed at reducing symptoms of anxiety. BACKGROUND: In a randomised controlled trial (RCT) we have shown that a minimal home-based and nurse-led psychoeducative intervention has a significant effect in reducing symptoms of anxiety and increasing mastery of dyspnoea in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, we do not know if the intervention is perceived as meaningful and applicable in the everyday life of patients with advanced COPD. METHODS: We conducted a nested post-trial qualitative study. The study methodology was Interpretive Description as described by Thorne. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with twenty patients from the RCT intervention group i.g. home-living people with a diagnosis of advanced COPD and symptoms of anxiety. RESULTS: The patients described that making anxiety visible makes it manageable and provides relief. The patients described a feeling of being alone with managing anxiety and dyspnea, and the only way to gain in control of their cognitions was to mobilise internal resources. The intervention was appreciated by patients because it strengthened their internal resources. Further, it was perceived as a relief that the intervention insisted on talking about anxiety and thereby invited patients to verbalise worries related to end-of-life. CONCLUSION: This study offers knowledge to better understand the patients' experiences of a psychoeducative intervention. The intervention was perceived as comprehensible and applicable in the patients' everyday life and contributed to the patients' ability to self-manage their condition.

Efficacy of a minimal home-based psychoeducative intervention in patients with advanced COPD: A randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common comorbidity in patients with advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with major impact on quality of life and associated with increased risk of death. The objective of this randomised controlled trial was to test the efficacy of a minimal home-based psychoeducative intervention versus usual care for reducing symptoms of anxiety in patients with advanced COPD. METHODS: The trial included 66 participants with advanced COPD and symptoms of anxiety. The primary outcome was anxiety assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) subscale for anxiety (HADS-A). The secondary outcome was mastery assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) domain of mastery (CRQ-M). Assessments were performed at baseline and one and three months post-intervention. RESULTS: The intervention group had a lower post intervention HADS-A score on average, compared with the control group (p = 0.005), indicating a significant effect of the intervention. The average difference between the groups in HADS-A was 2.16 points (CI = [0.62; 3.71]) at one month and 2.32 points (CI = [0.74; 3.89]) at three months follow-up. The intervention group had a higher post intervention CRQ-M score on average compared with the control group (p = 0.016). The average differences between the groups were 0.58 points (CI = [0.09; 1.06]) after one month and 0.67 points (CI = [0.18; 1.17]) after three months. CONCLUSIONS: The psychoeducative intervention provided sustainable symptom relief and improved the patients' self-management abilities.

Understanding male cancer patients' barriers to participating in cancer rehabilitation.

The aim was to describe male cancer survivors' barriers towards participation in cancer rehabilitation as a means to guiding future targeted men's cancer rehabilitation. Symbolic Interactionism along with the interpretive descriptive methodology guided the study of 35 male cancer survivors representing seven cancer types. Data were generated through a 5-month fieldwork study comprising participant observations, semi-structured individual interviews and informal conversations. The analyses revealed two overarching findings shedding light on male cancer survivors' barriers to rehabilitation: 'Fear of losing control' and 'Striving for normality'. While 'Fear of losing control' signified what the men believed rehabilitation would invoke: 'Reduced manliness', 'Sympathy and dependency' and 'Confrontation with death', 'Striving for normality' was based on what the men believed rehabilitation would hinder: 'Autonomy and purpose', 'Solidarity and fellowship' and 'Forget and move on'. This study of male cancer survivors' and cancer rehabilitation documents how masculine ideals may constitute barriers for participation in rehabilitation and provides insights about why men are underrepresented in rehabilitation. The findings can guide practice to develop research-based rehabilitation approaches focused on preserving control and normality. Further empirical evidence is needed to: (1) explore the conduct of health professionals' towards male cancer patients and (2) address gender inequalities in cancer rehabilitation.

HIV-infected individuals with high coping self-efficacy are less likely to report depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study from Denmark.

OBJECTIVES: Having effective ways to cope helps HIV-infected individuals maintain good psychological and physical well-being. This study investigated the relationship between coping self-efficacy levels, as determined by the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE), HIV status disclosure, and depression in a Danish cohort. METHODS: In 2008, the CSE was administered to 304 HIV-infected individuals to measure their confidence in their ability to cope with HIV infection. HIV status disclosure was assessed on a three-point scale: living openly with the disease, partly openly, or secretly. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression prevalence and severity. RESULTS: The CSE score was significantly related to depression (Spearman's rho = -0.71; the test of H0: BDI and coping, probability >t=0.0001). There was a significant relationship between higher CSE scores and living openly with HIV. The risk of depression was four times higher in HIV-infected individuals who did not disclose their HIV status (i.e. who lived 'secretly'; odds ratio = 4.1) than in individuals who lived openly. CONCLUSION: Those with low CSE scores were more likely to report living secretly with HIV and to be depressed. Disclosing HIV may constitute a social stressor, and a lack of coping self-efficacy may increase the likelihood of non-disclosure and depression. Interventions that enhance self-efficacy may help in managing the demands of daily life with HIV, increase disclosure, and reduce depression.

Effectiveness and characteristics of multifaceted osteoporosis group education--a systematic review.

UNLABELLED: The characteristics and effectiveness of osteoporosis multifaceted group education were determined from a systematic review of international literature. Findings showed that these educational programmes may be beneficial in a variety of important factors for the prevention, treatment and management of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION: This systematic review investigated quantitative studies on osteoporosis multifaceted group education. The purpose was to investigate the characteristics as well as the effectiveness of this form of osteoporosis patient education. METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided this systematic review. Relevant databases were searched until January 2013. RESULTS: Seven studies published between 1993 and 2011 including osteoporosis patients with or without fractures were found. The multifaceted educational programmes all consisted of three overall themes: (1) Knowledge of osteoporosis, (2) Medication and diet and (3) Exercise, but with different foci across the studies. Overall, 24 outcome measures representing six topics were applied: (1) Health-related quality of life, (2) Psychosocial function, (3) Pain, (4) Physical activity, (5) Knowledge and (6) Medication and diet. The review showed that multifaceted osteoporosis group education can increase the patients' knowledge of osteoporosis as well as their health-related quality of life, physical activity and psychosocial functioning. It has the potential to increase adherence to both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Multifaceted group education may have a positive impact on the patients' ability to engage in preventing and managing osteoporosis. Further research directed towards the complexity of multifaceted group education is needed. In addition, research investigating the educational needs of specific groups of osteoporotic patients is required.

Rehabilitation activities, out-patient visits and employment in patients and partners the first year after ICU: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the influence of critical illness on patients and their partners in relation to rehabilitation, healthcare consumption and employment during the first year after Intensive Care Unit discharge. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational and descriptive. SETTING: Five Danish Intensive Care Units. METHODS: Data were collected from hospital charts, population registers and interviews with 18 patients and their partners at 3 and 12 months after intensive care discharge. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Post-discharge inpatient rehabilitation was median (range) 52 (15-174) days (n=10). Community-based training was 12 (3-34) weeks (n=15). Neuropsychological rehabilitation following brain damage was 13-20 weeks (n=3). Number of out-patient visits 1 year before and 1 year after were mean 3 versus 8, and General Practitioner visits were 12 versus 18. Three patients resumed work at pre-hospitalisation employment rates after 12 months. After the patients' stay in intensive care, partners' mean full-time sick leave was 17 (range 0-124) days and 21 (range 0-106) days part time. Partners often had long commutes. CONCLUSION: Most patients had comprehensive recovery needs requiring months of rehabilitation. Some partners needed extensive sick leave. The study reveals the human cost of critical illness and intensive care for patients and partners in the Danish welfare system.

Men's reflections on participating in cancer rehabilitation: a systematic review of qualitative studies 2000-2013.

This paper aims to report on a systematic review of qualitative studies on men's reflections on participating in cancer rehabilitation. Nine databases were systematically searched to identify qualitative papers published between 2000 and 2013. Papers were selected by pre-defined inclusion criteria and subsequently critically appraised. Key themes were extracted and synthesised. Fifteen papers were selected and represented. Four central themes were identified in the analytical process: 'changed life perspective', 'the masculinity factor', 'a desire to get back to normal' and 'the meaning of work'. Six peripheral themes were identified: 'the meaning of context', 'music', 'physical training', 'religion', 'humour' and 'the unmentionable'. The themes were synthesised into an integrative model representing men's reflections on participating in cancer rehabilitation. We conclude that existing qualitative literature offers insight into men's reflections on cancer rehabilitation and highlights the interrelationship between men's reflections on their changed life perspective, masculinity, orientation towards a normal life and getting back to work. Further research-based knowledge is needed to explore (1) the underlying causes and patterns of the men's needs, preferences and choices in rehabilitation; and (2) the health professional perspective on male cancer rehabilitation.

Struggling for independence: a grounded theory study on convalescence of ICU survivors 12 months post ICU discharge.

OBJECTIVES: To explore and explain the challenges, concerns, and coping modalities in ICU-survivors living with a partner or spouse during the first 12 months post ICU discharge. DESIGN: Qualitative, longitudinal grounded theory study. SETTINGS: Five ICUs in Denmark, four general, one neurosurgical. METHODS: Thirty-five interviews with patients and their partners at three and 12 months post ICU discharge plus two group interviews with patients only and two with partners only. FINDINGS: The ICU survivors struggled for independence and focussed chiefly on 'recovering physical strength', 'regaining functional capacity', and 'resuming domestic roles'. The first year of recovery evolved in three phases characterised by training, perseverance and continued hope for recovery. The ICU survivors did not seem to worry about traumatic experiences. Rather, their focus was on a wide range of other aspects of getting well. CONCLUSION: The study offers new insight into post-ICU convalescence emphasising patients' motivation for training to recover. The findings may contribute to defining the best supportive measures and timing of rehabilitation interventions in ICU and post ICU that may help ICU-survivors in their struggle for independence throughout recovery.

[Life manifestations and nursing. A discussion of K.E. Løgstrup's ethics with starting point of Kari Martensen's and Patricia Benner's dialogs]. / Livsytringer og sygepleje. En diskussion af K.E. Løgstrups etik med udgangspunkt i Kari Martinsens og Patricia Benners dialoger.

This article discusses philosophical questions of ethics dealing with nursing as well as other human activities. The purpose is: 1) To communicate the content, status and function of the phenomenon "manifestation of life", as described by the Danish philosopher and theologian K.E. Løgstrup. 2) To discuss what Løgstrup has to teach us about ethics of care and from this point of view to discuss ethics in relation to the development of nursing. Inspired by the ongoing dialogue between the two nurses and professors Patricia Benner and Kari Martinsen about ethics in nursing the article deals in depth about with the central phenomenon "manifestation of life" as seen in relation to the positions of Benner and Martinsen. The relevance of this theme in relation to nursing is considered, and the article argues, that nurses have an obligation to matter-of-factness, and to develop nursing not only from practical experiences and reflections on concrete actions, but also by scientifically based activities. Both approaches are necessary. They are mutual conditions for development of good nursing practice.