[Analysis of colorectal cancer screening results in Kunming from 2014 to 2017].

This study analyzed the distribution of high-risk population, the compliance and detected lesions of colorectal cancer screening from the Cancer Screening Program in urban areas of Kunming,Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2017. A total of 127 960 residents were included,of which 14 791 (11.70%) cases were diagnosed with high risk of colorectal cancer by the National Cancer Center High Risk Population Assessment System. A total of 3 484 cases completed colonoscopy clinical screening and the rate of participation was 23.55%. The screening results showed that 592 positive cases were detected, and the positive rate was 17.17%. The detection rates of polyps,adenomas,advanced adenomas,precancerous lesions and colorectal cancer were 16.27%,13.12%,7.18%,7.63% and 0.26%, with 567, 457, 250, 266 and 9 cases, respectively.

Effects of substituted phenylethylamines on blowfly feeding behavior.

The pharmacology of adult Phormia regina (Meigen) feeding behavior was explored by injecting candidate drugs into starved blowflies and then determining their responsiveness to aqueous sucrose, via the proboscis extension reflex. d-Amphetamine caused responsiveness to fall dramatically, while related drugs and biogenic amines had varying effects. When d-amphetamine-treated flies were fed 1 M sucrose, they consumed significantly more than control flies. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that the responses of tarsal sugar receptor neurons to aqueous sucrose were not significantly altered by d-amphetamine. These observations are compatible with our hypothesis that octopamine positively modulates blowfly feeding behavior and suggest that other aromatic biogenic amines affect feeding behavior in this insect.

Stimulation of blowfly feeding behavior by octopaminergic drugs.

Adult blowflies (Phormia regina Meigen) injected with the octopaminergic drug demethylchlordimeform (10 mug per fly) exhibited enhanced proboscis extension responses when their tarsae were touched to water or aqueous sucrose. They drank more water than saline-injected control flies did but the quantity imbibed was within the normal fluid intake capacity. They became grossly hyperphagic when offered 1 M sucrose, doubling (and in some cases even tripling) their initial body weights. Three other drugs enhanced tarsal responsiveness and induced hyperphagia: DL-octopamine, clonidine (which is known to stimulate octopaminergic receptors in insects), and pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Yohimbine, an antagonist of one class of octopaminergic receptor in insects, prevented the hyperphagia induced by all four drugs. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and DL-norepinephrine failed to cause hyperphagia. These results suggest that octopaminergic receptors in the nervous system of the blowfly positively modulate feeding and drinking behavior.

Enzymatic assay for methotrexate in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

We describe an assay for methotrexate in biological fluids. The assay is based on inhibition by methotrexate of dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei. The lower limit of sensitivity in serum is 2 X 10(-8) mol (about 10 mug) of methotrexate per liter. Within-run precision is +/- 5% (coefficient of variation) and day-to-day variation is 18%. Advantages of the assay are ease of manipulation, high sensitivity, and specificity.

Disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy: a complication of treated central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma.

This report describes a form of disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy that has been observed in four children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and one child with Burkitt's lymphoma terminating in a leukemic phase. In addition to systemic vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, and steroids, these patients received courses of intrathecal methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and hydrocortisone, because of meningeal tumor cell infiltration. Whole brain radiation was also given either before or during intrathecal therapy. Three of the children had a progressive irreversible neurologic illness, which developed either at or shortly after the completion of combined triple intrathecal therapy, death ensuing approximately 2 months later. The neuropathologic lesions consisted of discrete multifocal necroses of coagulative type, apparently extending by confluence, and disseminated in the cerebral white matter in a random manner. In one case, extensive symmetrical demyelinating and necrotizing lesions involved the centrum ovale bilaterally. There was a remarkable absence of inflammatory cellular response and a relative paucity of macrophage reaction, with usually little or no tissue breakdown. In addition to demyelination and glial cell loss, there was striking axonal damage, with conspicuous axonal swelling both within and around the necrotizing lesions. The surrounding white matter showed focal status spongiosus and a moderate astrocytic response. Vascular fibrinoid necrosis was inconstant and, except in one case, rarely observed. The possible causal relationship of these lesions to combined triple intrathecal antimetabolite therapy and brain radiation is discussed.

Leukoencephalopathy following combined therapy of central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma.

We report a from of disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy observed in five children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma, who received systemic chemotherapy, brain radiation, and intrathecal (IT) methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and hydrocortisone because of meningeal tumor involvement. Three children developed a progressive neurologic disease at the end of IT therapy or shortly thereafter. The lesions consisted in discrete, apparently coalescent foci of coagulative necrosis in the white matter, with a remarkable absence of inflammatory cells, little or no tissue break-down, and striking axonal swellings. The adjacent tissue showed status spongiosus and moderate astrocytic hypertrophy. Vascular lesions were few and inconstant.