Papillary renal cell carcinoma in the horseshoe kidney.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma in the horseshoe kidney is uncommon. We report a case of papillary renal cell carcinoma in the horseshoe kidney and discuss its incidence, diagnosis, and treatment.

Treatment of urethral strictures using lingual mucosas urethroplasty: experience of 92 cases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Urethroplasty of complex urethral stricture is a difficult procedure, and there is no widely accepted standard approach described in the published literature. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of urethroplasty using lingual mucosa grafts (LMGs) for the repair of urethral strictures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between August 2006 and April 2009, 92 cases of urethral strictures (length ranging from 2.5 cm to 18 cm, mean 6.5 cm) were treated using LMGs. Of the 92 patients, 38 with long-segment urethral strictures (9 - 18 cm) underwent dual LMG or LMG combined with foreskin flap or buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Follow-up was obtained for 3 - 33 months (mean 17.2 months) postoperatively. Complications occurred in 8 patients, including urinary fistulas in 4 patients; recurrent strictures developed in 4 patients at 3 - 4 months post-operatively. The remaining patients voided well postoperatively, with peak flows between 14.3 ml/s and 54.6 ml/s (mean 28.4 ml/s).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The tongue is an excellent source of graft material for the repair of anterior mucosal strictures. Dual LMG substitution urethroplasty can successfully treat longer, more complex urethral strictures.</p>

Evaluation of erectile function after urethral reconstruction: a prospective study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

We conducted a prospective study of erectile dysfunction (ED) after urethral reconstructive surgery, using the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), the Sexual Life Quality Questionnaire (SLQQ) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (QoLQ). Between January 2003 and July 2007, 125 male patients with urethral strictures underwent urethroplasty, and pre- and post-surgery erectile function was assessed using these three questionnaires. A formula to predict the probability of ED after urethroplasty was derived. At 3 months post-operatively, there was a significant decrease in IIEF-5 (16.57 +/- 7.98) and SLQQ scores (28.71 +/- 14.84) compared with pre-operative scores (P < 0.05). However, the IIEF-5 scores rebounded at 6 months post-operatively (17.22 +/- 8.41). Logistical regression analysis showed that the location of the urethral stricture, the recurrence of strictures and the choice of surgical technique were predictive of the post-operative occurrence of ED. This study identified the clinical risk factors for ED after urethroplasty. Posterior urethral stricture and end-to-end anastomosis were found to have a strong relationship with erectile function. The logistical model derived in this study may be applied to clinical decision algorithms for patients with urethral strictures.

Reconstructive surgery for male urethral stricture affects erectile function and sexual life quality / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the influence of reconstructive surgery for male urethral stricture on erectile function and sexual life quality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed retrospectively the clinical data of 326 male patients who underwent urethroplasty for urethral stricture in our department and evaluated their erectile function and sexual life quality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 172 groups of valid data were collected, with the mean follow-up of 28.5 months. The mean scores on IIEF-5 (P=0.002) and sexual life quality (P=0.026) were statistically significantly reduced after surgery. Erectile dysfunction was found in 88 (51.2%) of the patients after urethroplasty, as compared with 56 (32.6%) preoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The location of urethral stricture, surgical method and urethral stricture recurrence may affect the erectile function and sexual life quality of the patient, but both can be gradually improved with the time after urethroplasty.</p>

The treatment of complex urethral stricture greater than 8 cm long / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the selection of different procedures and the feasibility for the treatment of long segment urethral stricture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-six patients with complex urethral stricture greater than 8 cm long underwent different procedures of urethroplasty. Of them various mucosa grafts urethral reconstruction were adopted in 42 cases (colonic mucosal graft, n = 26; buccal mucosal graft, n = 10; bladder mucosal graft, n = 6); One-stage pedicle flaps urethroplasty in 20; two-stage urethroplasty of Johanson procedure in 12; and penile urethra-prostatic urethra anastomosis, three-stage urethroplasty in 2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In early followed up (within 6 months postoperatively), 67 patients (88%) voided well and complications developed in 10. Among the 70 patients who lasted more than 1 year after operation, 51 cases were followed up. Forty-four patients voided well, and complications developed in 8. Of the 8 cases urethral restructure developed in 2 (18%) for pedicle flaps urethroplasty, 2 for colonic mucosal urethroplasty (9%), 1 for buccal mucosal graft (1/7), 1 for bladder mucosal graft (1/3); penile chordee in 2 (2/5), and one of them was accompanied by hair bearing neourethra for two-stage urethroplasty of Johanson procedure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Colonic mucosal and buccal mucosal grafts urethroplasty are feasible procedures for the treatment of long segment urethral stricture, and Colonic mucosal graft urethroplasty may be considered when more conventional procedures fail or complicated urethral strictures greater than 10 cm long.</p>

Clinical analysis of operative treatment of 191 patients with posterior urethral strictures / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the various operative details of strictures of the posterior urethra that are essential for a successful result.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 191 patients with posterior urethral strictures or distraction defects from January 1990 to January 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent a retrograde and voiding urethrogram, 62 patients had urethral ultrasonography, 48 patients had urethroscopy, 3 patients had MRI. Repair was performed with a simple anastomosis after urethral mobilization in 66 patients, separation of the corporeal bodies in 48 patients, separation of the corporeal bodies and inferior pubectomy in 30 patients, transpubic anastomosis in 18 patients, pull-through operation in 3 patients, and optical urethrotomy in 26 patients. Followup ranged from 6 to 48 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean stricture length was 3.6 cm (range from 1.5 to 8.0 cm). Posterior urethral strictures is in 31 (16%), posterior distraction defects is in 160 (84%), of which the length of the distraction defects < 3 cm is in 102 (53.4%), and the the length of the distraction defects > 3 cm is in 58 (30.6%). The overall successful results (Qmax > 15 ml/s) after operation was 84.3%. Optical urethrotomy was 69%, the successful results with anastomotic urethroplasty were 97% with a simple anastomosis; 79% with separation of the corporeal bodies; 80% with separation of the corporeal bodies and inferior pubectomy; 83% with transpubic anastomosis; and 67% with pull-through operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The anastomotic urethroplasty is better than the optical urethrotomy, the length of the strictures or distraction defect which is lower than 3 cm is much more successfully corrected.</p>

Adrenal myelolipoma:clinical diagnosis and management of 26 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the diagnosis and management of adrenal myelolipoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 26 cases were analyzed retrospectively and the selected articles were reviewed. There were no specific clinical symptom and endocrine abnormality, except increasing catecholamine in 2 cases. All cases but two were diagnosed by B-model ultrasound scanning (B-US), CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-six cases were surgically treated, the diameter of the tumor was 5 - 10 cm, simple tumor resection was performed in 16 cases, and complete adrenal resection was performed in 10 cases. All the operated cases were proved by pathologists. The duration of follow-up was from 6 - 28 months after surgery. No recurrence was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma could be established based on B-US, CT or MRI. The tumors whose diameter is larger than 5 cm in size should be removed.</p>