The Sensitivity of Resting Eggs of the Cladoceran Moina macrocopa to the Effect of Ionizing Radiation during the Reactivation of the Eggs.

We investigated the sensitivity of resting eggs of the cladoceran Moina macrocopa to the effect of ionizing radiation during the reactivation of the eggs. The study showed that the resting eggs during reactivation are more vulnerable to irradiation than the resting eggs in a stage of deep dormancy. The decrease in the efficiency of egg reactivation was observed at high doses, the growth rate of juveniles, fecundity, and the number of produced clutches by females strongly decreased when resting eggs at the reactivation stage absorbed doses of 64 Gy and higher.

The effect of γ-radiation on resting eggs and life cycle of cladoceran Moina macrocopa.

We investigated the effects of γ-irradiation on the survival of resting eggs of the cladoceran Moina macrocopa and on the parameters of the life cycle of neonates hatched from the irradiated eggs. It was shown that γ-irradiation in a wide range of doses (from the background level to 100 Gy) had no effect on survival of eggs and mortality of neonates hatched from the irradiated eggs. However, exceeding the absorbed dose of 40 Gy sharply decreased the reproductive potential of the neonates hatched from irradiated eggs.

[Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Betulonic Acid Imidazolides].

Synthesis of lupane C28-imidazolides, contained 3-oxo-, 3-oximino- and 2-cyano-2,3-seco-4(23)-en-frag ments in cycle A was carried out. The most antitumor activity at. in vitro testing showed 3-oximino-lup- 20(29)-en-28-yl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate; which inhibited the growth or induced apoptosis of non-small lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, CNS cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, leucosis, melanoma cells. In experiments in mice its moderate antitumor activity against grafted breast adenocarcinoma Ca 755 and adenocarcinima of colon was observed.

[Synthesis and cytotoxicity of triterpenoid seven members cyclic amines].

Synthesis of 3-deoxy-3a-homo-3a-aza-derivatives of betulin and erythrodiol from betulonic and oleanonic acids was carried out. The most antineoplastic activity with a wide range of action at in vitro testing showed 3-deoxy-3a-homo-3a-aza-28-hydroxy-12(13)-oleanene, which by results of profound studying could be recommended for in vivo investigation. Its modification in the C28 position by introduction of amethoxycinnamoyl fragment led to a loss of antineoplastic activity. 3-Deoxy-3a-homo-3a-aza-derivatives of betulin (3-(aminopropyl)-, 28-(2-carboxyethyl)carboxy-, and 28-cinnamoyloxy-) showed moderate antineoplastic activity in the case of Colon Cancer, Breast Cancer and Leukemia cell lines.

In vitro neuronal induction of adipose-derived stem cells and their fate after transplantation into injured mouse brain.

The effect of substances known as inducers of neuronal differentiation on cultured human and mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and their fate after transplantation into the injured and ischemic mouse brains were studied. ASCs were isolated from the human and mouse adipose tissue. Inducers of neuronal differentiation included ß-mercaptoethanol, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GNDF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), retinoic acid (RA), 5-azacytidine, as well as their combinations. Three days after the induction, the phenotype of the induced cells was analyzed using immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR assay for differential expression of specific genes. The induction efficiency was evaluated by the increased transcription of neuronal differentiation markers: nestin, ß-III-tubulin (Tub-B), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and neuron-specific enolase (ENO2). The expression of marker genes was tested by immunocytochemical analysis. ASC cultivation in the medium with RA or BDNF in combination with 5- azacytidine for a week increased the mRNA and protein levels of nestin, Tub-B, and ENO2. The transplantation of induced mouse ASCs into the mouse brain increased the lifespan of the cells relative to control uninduced cells and promoted their migration from the transplantation site to the recipient cerebral parenchyma. The transplantation of the induced cells into the mouse brain pre-exposed to endothelin- 1 promoted a more active cell migration into the surrounding ischemic brain tissue. Thus, ASC exposure to RA or BDNF in combination with 5-azacytidine elevated the transcription of the neuronal differentiation markers and improved the viability and integration of ASCs grafted into the mouse brain.

[Mechanism of stimulation of angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium with the help of adipose tissue stromal cells].

Stromal cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue (adipose derived stromal cells - ASCs) are perspective for cell therapy of ischemic states because of ability to stimulate growth of vessels. For the elucidation of mechanisms of angiogenic action of ASCs we used the model of co-cultivation of ASCs with cells isolated from postnatal hearts (fraction of cardiomyocutes - CMC). CMC fraction contained mature cardiomyocytes, endothelial and progenitor cells. On the 2-nd day spontaneously beating colonies of CMC with growing from them CD31-positive capillary-like structures were formed in CMC culture. Observed structures were unstable and came apart after 5 days of cultivation. At co-cultivation of CMC with ASCs formation of stable ramified CD31-positive structures was observed. Using the method of co-cultivation of CMC with mitomycin C treated ASCs and the method of immune magnetic depletion for removal of epithelial cells from the CMC fraction we found that ASCs stimulates formation of capillary like structure at the account of secretion of angiogenic factors, stabilization of forming CD31-positive structures at the account of intercellular contacts and stimulation of endothelial differentiation of progenitor cells present in CMC fraction.

[Synthesis of triterpenoid acylates - an effective reproduction inhibitors of influenza A (H1N1) and papilloma viruses].

The synthesis of a new group of triterpenoid acylates on the basis of oleanolic, glycyrrhetic and ursolic acids and betulin is described. In studying the activity of the synthesized compounds in relation to reproduction of virus pathogens of respiratory infections 28-O-methoxycynnamoylbetulin shows high activity against influenza type A (H1N1) the selectivity index SI > 100. The high activity of 3,28-dinicotinoylbetulin against papilloma virus (strain HPV-11) was detected, the selectivity index SI was 35.

Synthesis of triterpenoid acylates: Effective reproduction inhibitors of influenza A (H1N1) and papilloma viruses.

The synthesis of a new group of triterpenoid acylates has been conducted on the basis of oleanolic, glycyrrhetic, and ursolic acids and betulin. 28-ortho-Methoxycynnamoylbetulin has been demonstrated to possess high activity against the influenza type A (H1N1) virus with the selectivity index SI > 100 while studying the activity of the synthesized compounds in relation to the reproduction of viral pathogens of respiratory infections. The high activity of 3,28-dinicotinoylbetulin against the papilloma virus (strain HPV-11) was detected with the selectivity index SI 35.

Nonviral transfection of adipose tissue stromal cells: an experimental study.

Delivery of plasmid DNA and interfering RNA into adipose tissue stromal cells was carried out by the methods of lipofection, calcium phosphate method, and by electroporation. The percent of transfected cells after delivery of plasmid DNA by the calcium phosphate method and lipofection was 0 and 15%, respectively, vs. more than 50% after electroporation. Similar results were obtained for delivery of short-strand RNA into cells. These data indicate that electroporation is the most effective method of nonviral transfection of adipose tissue stromal cells.

[Acilact and improvement of the health status of sickly children].

A complex study of the effects of Acilact on the immune and interferon status, phagocyte defense, and cytokine balance in sickly children showed that Acilact had a positive effect on the immune system in these patients. The preparation is able to normalize abnormal immune parameters, and does not influence healthy immune system. In some ways Acilact has advantages over IRS 19 vaccine. Simultaneous administration of these two preparations is appropriate in some cases.

[Immunomodulating action of eubiotics]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie preparatov-éubiotikov.

The study was undertaken to study the immunomodulating action of 3 bacterial agents: bifidumbacterin, acylact, and biosporine used in various abnormalities accompanied by intestinal dysbacteriosis. Surveys were made of children permanently residing in the radionuclide-contaminated areas of the Bryansk Region, those from northern areas of the Russian Federation, those who suffered from atopic dermatitis; adult patients with severe systemic disease (chronic postinfection polyarthritis); chronic adult patients with spinal injury due to compression fractures of the spinal cord. The immunological parameters in all the above patient groups were shown to differ in the lower absolute or relative counts of most lymphocytic populations. The addition of bacterial drugs into their therapy promoted normalization of the intestinal microflora and led to improvement or complete normalization of immunological parameters. With this, bifidumbacterin and acylact were demonstrated to be potent, but mild immunomodulators as they significantly improved or normalized the status of the baseline suppressed immune system and virtually failed to affect normal immunological parameters. The earlier data obtained with biosporine provide evidence for that this bacterial agent has immunomodulating activity; however, it is necessary to comprehensively study its effects on the immune system in health and in disorders typical of various abnormalities.

Changes in TNF and IL-6 production after diphtheria toxoid vaccination: drug modulation of the cytokine levels.

The effect of vaccination with diphtheria toxoid (AD-M) on TNF and IL-6 production has been studied in humans. In the present study it was demonstrated that immunization with AD-M resulted in changes of in vitro TNF and IL-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TNF release was suppressed but IL-6 production was stimulated. On the other hand, serum levels of TNF were markedly increased over a period of 3 weeks. It was also demonstrated that the postvaccinal cytokine production disturbances may be corrected by pretreatment with a new synthetic hexapeptid (Imunofan((R))). It is possible that the imunofan treatment could prevent some postvaccinal complications.